Microgrids: architectures and control
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chichester
Wiley [u.a.]
2014
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 317 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781118720653 9781118720684 |
Internformat
MARC
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|---|---|---|---|
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| 020 | |a 9781118720653 |9 978-1-118-72065-3 | ||
| 020 | |a 9781118720684 |c cloth |9 978-1-118-72068-4 | ||
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Microgrids |b architectures and control |c ed. by Nikos Hatziargyriou |
| 264 | 1 | |a Chichester |b Wiley [u.a.] |c 2014 | |
| 300 | |a XXI, 317 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Literaturangaben | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Intelligentes Stromnetz |0 (DE-588)7708028-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Chatzēargyriu, Nikos |d 1954- |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)135758009 |4 oth | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe, EPUB |z 978-1-118-72064-6 |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027162823 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804151990684483584 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Foreword xiii
Preface xv
List of Contributors xix
1 The Microgrids Concept 1
Christine Schwaegerl and Liang Tao
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 The Microgrid Concept as a Means to Integrate Distributed Generation 3
1.3 Clarification of the Microgrid Concept 4
1.3.1 What is a Microgrid? 4
1.3.2 What is Not a Microgrid? 6
1.3.3 Microgrids versus Virtual Power Plants 1
1.4 Operation and Control of Microgrids 8
1.4.1 Overview of Controllable Elements in a Microgrid 8
1.4.2 Operation Strategies of Microgrids 10
1.5 Market Models for Microgrids 12
1.5.1 Introduction 12
1.5.2 internal Markets and Business Models for Microgrids 15
1.5.3 External Market and Regulatory Settings for Microgrids 19
1.6 Status Quo and Outlook of Microgrid Applications 22
References 24
2 Microgrids Control Issues 25
Aris Dimeas, Antonis Tsikalakis, George Kariniotakis and George Korres
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Control Functions 25
2.3 The Role of Information and Communication Technology 27
2.4 Microgrid Control Architecture 28
2.4.1 Hierarchical Control Levels 28
2.4.2 Microgrid Operators 31
2.5 Centralized and Decentralized Control 32
2.6 Forecasting 35
viii
Contents
2.6.1 Introduction 35
2.6.2 Demand Forecasting 37
2.6.3 Wind and PV Production Forecasting 38
2.6.4 Heat Demand Forecasting 39
2.6.5 Electricity Prices Forecasting 39
2.6.6 Evaluation of Uncertainties on Predictions 40
2.7 Centralized Control 40
2.7.1 Economic Operation 41
2.7.2 Participation in Energy Markets 42
2.7.3 Mathematical Formulation 45
2.7.4 Solution Methodology 46
2.7.5 Study Case 47
2.7.6 Results 48
2.8 Decentralized Control 51
2.8.1 Multi-Agent System Theory 52
2.8.2 Agent Communication and Development 54
2.8.3 Agent Communication Language 59
2.8.4 Agent Ontology and Data Modeling 60
2.8.5 Coordination Algorithms for Microgrid Control 60
2.8.6 Game Theory and Market Based Algorithms 69
2.8.7 Scalability and Advanced Architecture 70
2.9 State Estimation 72
2.9.1 In troduc t ion 7 2
2.9.2 Micro grid State Estimation 13
2.9.3 Fuzzy State Estimation 74
2.10 Conclusions 76
Appendix 2.A Study Case Microgrid 76
References 78
3 Intelligent Local Controllers 81
Thomas Degner, Nikos Soultani, Alfred Engler and Asier Gil de Muro
3.1 Introduction 81
3.2 Inverter Control Issues in the Formation of Microgrids 82
3.2.1 Active Power Control 82
3.2.2 Voltage Regulation 82
3.3 Control Strategies for Multiple Inverters 82
3.3.1 Master Slave Control Scheme 82
3.3.2 Multi-Master Control Scheme 83
3.3.3 Droop Control Implementation in the VS1 85
3.3.4 Ancillary Services 89
3.3.5 Optional Secondary Control Loops 90
3.4 Implications of Line Parameters on Frequency and Voltage
Droop Concepts 92
3.4.1 Power Transmission in the LV Grid 92
3.4.2 Comparison of Droop Concepts at the LV Level 93
3.4.3 Indirect Operation of Droops 94
Contents
ix
3.5 Development and Evaluation of Innovative Local Controls
to Improve Stability 98
3.5.1 Control Algorithm 98
3.5.2 Stability in Islanded Mode 100
3.5.3 Stability in Interconnected Operation 107
3.6 Conclusions 115
References 116
4 Microgrid Protection 117
Alexander Oudalow Thomas De g ne r, Frank van Overbeeke
and Jose Miguel Yarza
4.1 Introduction 117
4.2 Challenges for Microgrid Protection 118
4.2.1 Distribution System Protection 118
4.2.2 Over-Current Distribution Feeder Protection 120
4.2.3 Over-Current Distribution Feeder Protection and DERs 121
4.2.4 Grid Connected Mode with External Faults (Ff F2) 121
4.2.5 Grid Connected Mode with Fault in the Microgrid (F3) 123
4.2.6 Grid Connected Mode with Fault at the
End-Consumer Site (F4) 124
4.2.7 Islanded Mode with Fault in the Microgrid (F3) 124
4.2.8 Islanded Mode and Fault at the End-Consumer Site (F4) 124
4.3 Adaptive Protection for Microgrids 125
4.3.1 Introduction 125
4.3.2 Adaptive Protection Based on Pre-Calculated Settings 126
4.3.3 Microgrid with DER Switched off; in Grid-Connected Mode 129
4.3.4 Microgrid with Synchronous DERs Switched on in Grid
Connected and Islanded Modes 134
4.3.5 Adaptive Protection System Based on Real-Time
Calculated Settings 140
4.3.6 Communication Architectures and Protocols for
Adaptive Protection 144
4.4 Fault Current Source for Effective Protection in Islanded Operation 146
4.5 Fault Current Limitation in Microgrids 151
4.6 Conclusions 154
Appendices: 154
4.A.1 A Centralized Adaptive Protection System for an
MV/LV Microgrid 154
4.A.2 Description of the Prototype FCS 161
References 164
5 Operation of Multi-Microgrids 165
Jocto Abel Peças Lopes, André M adit re ira, Nuno Gil and Fernanda Resen de
5.1 Introduction 165
5.2 Multi-Microgrid Control and Management Architecture 167
5.3 Coordinated Voltage/var Support 169
X
Contents
5.3.1 Introduction 169
5.3.2 Mathematical Formulation 169
5.3.3 Proposed Approach 171
5.3.4 Microgrid Steady-State Equivalents 172
5.3.5 Development of the Tool 173
5.3.6 Main Results 174
5.4 Coordinated Frequency Control 178
5.4.1 Hierarchical Control Overview 178
5.4.2 Hierarchical Control Details 181
5.4.3 Main Results 183
5.5 Emergency Functions (Black Start) 186
5.5.1 Restoration Guidelines 187
5.5.2 Sample Restoration Procedure 189
5.6 Dynamic Equivalents 192
5.6.1 Application of Dynamic Equivalence Based Approaches
to Microgrids 193
5.6.2 The Microgrid System Definition 194
5.6.3 Developing Micogrid Dynamic Equivalents 195
5.6.4 Main Results 200
5.7 Conclusions 202
References 203
6 Pilot Sites: Success Stories and Learnt Lessons 206
George Kariniotalus, Aris Dimeas and Frank Van Overheeke
(Sections 6.L 6.2)
6.1 Introduction 206
6.2 Overview of Microgrid Projects in Europe 206
6.2.1 Field Test in Gaidouromandra, Kythnos Microgrid
(Greece): Decentralized, Intelligent Load Control in an
Isolated System 208
6.2.2 Field Test in Mannheim (Germany): Transition from Grid
Connected to Islanded Mode 218
6.2.3 The Bronshergen Microgrid (Netherlands): Islanded
Operation and Smart Storage 222
References 231
6.3 Overview of Microgrid Projects in the USA 231
John Romankiewicz, Chris Mar nay (Section 6.3)
6.3.1 R D Programs and Demonstration Projects 232
6.3.2 Project Summaries 236
References 248
6.4 Overview of Japanese Microgrid Projects 249
Satoshi Morozumi (Section 6.4)
6.4.1 Regional Power Grids Project 249
6.4.2 Network Systems Technology Projects 251
6.4.3 Demonstration Project in New Mexico 258
Contents xi
6.5 Overview of Microgrid Projects in China 262
Meiqin Mao (Section 6.5)
6.5.1 Microgrids on Islands 262
6.5.2 Microgrids in Industrial, Commercial and Residential Areas 264
6.5.3 Microgrids in Remote Areas 268
References 269
6.6 An Off-Grid Microgrid in Chile 270
Rodrigo Raima Behnke and Guillermo Jimenez-Estevez (Section 6.6)
6.6.1 Project Description 270
6.6.2 Demand-Side Management 212
References 274
7 Quantification of Technical, Economic, Environmental and Social
Benefits of Microgrid Operation 275
Christine Schwaegerl and Liang Tao
7.1 Introduction and Overview of Potential Microgrid Benefits 275
7.1.1 Overview of Economic Benefits of a Microgrid 275
7.1.2 Overview of Technical Benefits of a Microgrid 211
7.1.3 Overview of Environmental and Social Benefits of a Microgrid 211
1.2 Setup of Benefit Quantification Study 278
7.2.1 Methodology for Simulation and Analysis 278
7.2.2 European Study Case Microgrids 279
7.3 Quantification of Microgrids Benefits under Standard Test Conditions 285
7.3.1 Definition of Standard Test Conditions 285
7.3.2 Balancing and Energy Results 285
7.3.3 Technical Benefits 287
7.3.4 Economic Benefits 289
7.3.5 Environmental Benefits 291
7.3.6 Reliability Improvement 293
7.3.7 Social A spec ts of M i crog r id Deploy men t 29 6
7.4 Impact of External Market Prices and Pricing Policies 296
7.4.1 Sensitivity Analysis 296
7.4.2 Sensitivity of Energy Balancing in Response to External
Market Prices and Price Settings 298
7.4.3 Sensitivity of Technical Benefits (Losses) in Response
to External Market Prices and Price Settings 300
7.4.4 Sensitivity of Economic Benefits in Response to External
Market Prices and Price Settings 301
7.4.5 Sensitivity of Environmental Benefits in Response to Market
Prices and Price Settings 302
7.5 Impact of Microgrid Operation Strategy 303
7.6 Extension to European Scale 307
7.7 Conclusions 310
References 313
Index 315
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| spelling | Microgrids architectures and control ed. by Nikos Hatziargyriou Chichester Wiley [u.a.] 2014 XXI, 317 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben Intelligentes Stromnetz (DE-588)7708028-2 gnd rswk-swf Intelligentes Stromnetz (DE-588)7708028-2 s DE-604 Chatzēargyriu, Nikos 1954- Sonstige (DE-588)135758009 oth Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-1-118-72064-6 Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027162823&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| subject_GND | (DE-588)7708028-2 |
| title | Microgrids architectures and control |
| title_auth | Microgrids architectures and control |
| title_exact_search | Microgrids architectures and control |
| title_full | Microgrids architectures and control ed. by Nikos Hatziargyriou |
| title_fullStr | Microgrids architectures and control ed. by Nikos Hatziargyriou |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microgrids architectures and control ed. by Nikos Hatziargyriou |
| title_short | Microgrids |
| title_sort | microgrids architectures and control |
| title_sub | architectures and control |
| topic | Intelligentes Stromnetz (DE-588)7708028-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Intelligentes Stromnetz |
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