Vulycjamy staroho Kyjeva:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Ukrainian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Lʹviv
Vydavnyctvo "Svit"
2013
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Serija "Istoryčni Miscja Ukraïny"
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | PST: Down the streets of old Kyiv. - In kyrill. Schr., ukrain., Inh.-Verz. und Abb.-Verz. auch engl. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 539 S. zahlr. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9789666038497 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Vulycjamy staroho Kyjeva |c Olʹha Druh |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Down the streets of old Kyiv |
| 264 | 1 | |a Lʹviv |b Vydavnyctvo "Svit" |c 2013 | |
| 300 | |a 539 S. |b zahlr. Ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Serija "Istoryčni Miscja Ukraïny" | |
| 500 | |a PST: Down the streets of old Kyiv. - In kyrill. Schr., ukrain., Inh.-Verz. und Abb.-Verz. auch engl. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Kiew |0 (DE-588)4030522-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Geschichte |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027155538&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804151979212013568 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | ЗМІСТ
ВСТУП
17
СТАРЕ МІСТО
28
Вулиці Верхнього міста ЗО
Вупиця Бон оди мирська
32
Вулиця Велика Житомирська
62
Вулиця Стрілецька
75
Вулиця Рейтарська
79
Вулиця Десятинна
82
Михайлівська площа
85
Вулиця Трьохсвятительська
87
Вулиця Ярославів Вал
92
Георгіївський провулок
107
Вулиця Золотоворітська
110
Поблизу Майдану Незалежності
11
3
Михайлівський провулок
116
Вулиця Софійська
118
Вулиця Мала Житомирська
121
Вулиця Михайлівська
124
Вулиця Костьольна
125
Вулиця Малопідвальна
128
Провулок Тараса Шевченка
1
3
1
Вулиці між Львівською площею та площею Перемоги
133
Вулиця Воровського (колишня Бульварно-Кудрявська)
133
Вулиця Олеся
Гончара
137
Вулиці Старокиївської та Інбідс ьної частин Києва
140
Вулиця Прорізна
140
Вулиця Івана Франка
149
Вулиця Богдана Хмельницького
153
Вулиця Пушкінська
167
ХРЕЩАТИК
-
ГОЛОВНА ВУЛИЦЯ КИЄВА
174
ЛИПКИ
206
Вулицями київських магнатів
210
Вулиця Липська
210
Вулиця Пилипа Орлика
217
Вулиця Шовковична
223
Колишня Німецька гора та вулиці поблизу
232
Вулиця Лютеранська
232
Вулиця Круглоуніверситетська
245
Урядова роль Липок
249
Вулиця Банкова
249
Вулиця Михайла Грушевського
255
Вулиця Інститутська
269
Колишня садиба професора Мерінга
278
Вулиця Архітектора Городецького
280
Площа Івана Франка
290
Вулиця Заньковецької
294
ПЕЧЕРСЬК
298
Дорогою прочан (вулиці Івана Мазепи та Лаврська)
304
Вулиця Івана Мазепи
304
Вулиця Лаврська
315
Вулиця Московська
-
центральна вулиця Києва
початку ХК ст.
334
Поряд із вулицею Московською
340
Вулиця Рибальська
340
Вулиця Андрія Іванова
342
Вулиця Анищенка
344
Вулиця
Суворова
345
ПОДІЛІ
348
Понад Дніпром
356
Поштова площа
356
Вулиця Набережно-Хрещатицька
357
Вулиця Братська
361
Вулиця Борисоглібська
362
Вулиця Ігорівська
363
Вулиця Іллінська
364
Вулиця Григорія Сковороди
366
Вулиця Спаська
368
Вулиця Петра Сагайдачного
-
головна вулиця Подолу
370
Контрактова площа
-
сторінки минулого
378
Поблизу Флорівського монастиря
392
Вулиця Притисько-Микільська
392
Вулиця Покровська
398
Вулиця Хорива
402
Вулиця Костянтинівська
402
Вулиця Флорівська
404
Житньоторзька площа. Верхній Вал і Нижній Вал
407
Андріївський узвіз
-
вулиця мистецтв
408
ПОНАД ЛИБЩДЮ (НОВА ЗАБУДОВА)
416
Університетський ансамбль на Володимирській
418
Бульвар Тараса Шевченка
ή
вулиці поблизу
428
Бульвар Тараса Шевченка
428
Площа Перемоги
442
Вулиця Терещенківська
444
Вулиця
Симона
Петлюри
449
Вулиця Саксаганського
-
вулиця видатних українських діячів
454
Велика Васильківська
-
центральна магістраль колишньої
Ліибідської частини та прилеглі вулиці
466
Вулиця Велика Васильківська (Червоноармійська)
466
Вулиця Жилянська
479
Вулиця
Льва Толстого
482
Паньківщина
486
Вулиця Тарасівська
486
Вулиця Микільсько-Ботанічна
491
Вулиця Паньківська
493
SUMMARY
Introduction
Kyiv is an ancient city whose history embraces a thousand years when
the mind, work and inspiration of many generations created it. The unique
image of Kyiv charms everyone who has been fortunate to visit it. Each
epoch changed the city, enriching its beauty and glory or causing suffer¬
ings and invaluable losses, but the city has retained the sense of its joy
and holiness forever.
The concept of Kyiv was always associated with the concept of Ukraine.
The chronicles of the mid-12th century called Kyiv the honour, glory,
grandeur and head of the whole
Rus.
Our contemporary writer Valeriy
Shevchuk has rendered this idea in a very poetic way: Kyiv is a nexus
where all threads of our cultural life come from and to. Kyiv is the centre
of Ukrainian land and its soul . The city is located on the hill surround¬
ed by the bottom-lands of the Dnipro, the Lybid, the
Syrets
and other
rivers. The territory is slashed with numerous ravines that formed isolated
heights protected by the natural landscape. The picturesque Kyivan hills
rise up to
80-100
meters over the level of the Dnipro.
During the epoch of the Kyivan
Rus,
the city comprised three parts:
Podil (Lower Town), the Upper Town and Pechersk (Caves Area). The first
settlement in Podil is dated back to the
&*-7^
centuries. Podil had its own
fortifications. Located down near the harbour, it became the centre of
crafts and trade. The key architectural area of Kyiv was horod on the Old
Kyiv Hill
-
the Upper Town. This was the site for St. Sophia s Cathedral,
well-seen from everywhere. This was also the state and administrative
centre of Kyivan
Rus.
The Kyivan Caves Monastery, a leading ideological
and religious complex in Kyiv since the ancient times, was located about
4
kilometres from the stronghold. In the princely era, the architectural
dominants were constructed on the whole area of the city. St. Michael s
Golden-Domed Monastery was built in the
1
1th century; St. Andrew s and
St. Theodor s Monasteries, in the
1
2th century. The central set of buildings
DOWN THE STREETS Of OLD KYIV
514
was completed with the neighbouring St. Cyril s Church,
Klov
Monastery,
Church of the Saviour in Berestiv, Vydubychi Monastery.
Kyiv s one thousand years of history is rich in cultural heritage whose
main
-
cementing
-
component is town planning. The most valuable an¬
cient buildings are concentrated in the city s historical centre,
esp.
in its
oldest part. The Upper Town has kept the structure and elements of plan¬
ning since the Old
Rus
time. Its embellishment is the architectural en¬
semble of St. Sophia s Cathedral, enlisted as the UNESCO World Heritage.
The cathedral and bell tower of St. Michael s Golden-Domed Monastery
are re-edified. The architecture and landscape complex of the Kyiv Caves
Monastery as an object of the UNESCO World Heritage contributes to the
beauty of the city. The landscape of the city s old part is well-preserved,
and it used to shape its defence structure and planning. Even now it is
tightly connected with its constructions. In general, the historical centre of
Kyiv covers a huge hill between the Dnipro and the Lybid and is a valuable
monument to the historical landscape and urban development.
The Old Kyiv area, which is Kyiv s historical centre, includes the Upper
City, Podil, Khreshchatyk, Lypky and the New Construction Area that are
the most characteristic, clearly individualized districts and areas.
The Upper City, Podil and Pechersk had retained their uniqueness and
completeness from the viewpoint of architecture and town planning by
the early 19th century. During the 1830s the Old City and Pechersk were
linked by a powerful backbone axis
-
Khreshchatyk. At the time of the so-
called construction fever during the late 19th to early 20th centuries, the
existing planning network was reshaped for another architectural milieu
which influenced today s view of Kyiv. The traditional historical environ¬
ment is well preserved in Podil, the Upper City,
esp.
around the
Maidan
Mezalezhnosti, in Lypky and partially in the former Pankivshchyna.
The reference books of the early 20th century described the location and
view of 19th-century Kyiv: a lot of streets reflected the location of ravines
that divided the city into several parts. The ravine (one of them; the main
street of the city
-
Khreshchatyk
-
is built upon it) delimitates the Old Town
(Old Kyiv Area) and Lypky (Court Area) that itself was separated by the
Klov
ravine and its sidetracks from Pechersk, surrounded by the deep valley of
the Lybid in the south and by the Dnipro valley in the east and northeast .
Some Kyiv streets were rather slanting (Andriyivskyi Descent, Voznesenskyi
Descent, Universytetskyi Kruhlyi)
-
up to
40 %.
In
1894,
the city had around
230
streets and passes,
16
squares and
188.500
residents. The popula¬
tion greatly increased due to the arrivals of pilgrims whose general amount
could easily reach
150.000
mainly in the summertime.
In the second half of the 19th century, the streets were covered by
brick buildings though mixed construction practices prevailed: two-storey
houses, large
maisons
are mixed with outbuildings, facilities, cowsheds,
stables, fruit gardens. The turn of the 20th century witnessed the erection
of four- and Five-storey tenement buildings possessed by new bourgeoisie.
The construction density, which depended on the land price, was the
SUMMARY
515
highest in the Boulevard, Old Kyiv and Podil districts of Kyiv and constituted
95 %.
In
1911, 45
five-storey apartment buildings,
25
six-storey buildings
and
5
seven-storey ones were built in Kyiv.
In the early 20th century, architects started building houses end-to-end
in the uninterrupted building line that shaped streets like corridors. The
controversies of this construction produced fair complaints and attempts
at the aesthetic improvement of the construction. The commission For
the beauty of Kyiv which was summoned in
1912
in Kyiv and consisted
of the artists
0.
Murashko, S. Svitoslavskyi and the architects E. Bradtman,
V. Horodetskyi, I. Mikolayev, was to care for the city s aesthetics.
The intensive urban development of the city started in the 19th century
when there arose a critical housing problem. Kyiv hosted a massive bu¬
reaucratic apparatus for administering three provinces (of Kyiv, of Volyn
and of Podillia) as well as a number of regiments. It was the centre for
sugar industry and railways, banking, education and culture. In Kyiv, there
were
6
higher and
74
secondary educational establishments,
21
libraries
and reading-halls and
3
theatres. In
1914
Kyiv universities taught
15.000
students. The population of Kyiv was
260.000
people in
1897,
while it
increased up to
626.300
residents in
1914 (2.5
times as much).
In Kyiv, like in other European cities, the tenement building became
the main type of housing for the middle class. The streets of the Upper
Town and the Hew Construction Area were being built on most active¬
ly. Lypky remained an aristocratic district till
1910
where mansions and
manor houses dominated. In Podil, there were more two- and three-sto¬
rey houses; multi-storey tenement houses were erected at the turn of the
century in Oleksandrivska and Mezhyhirska Streets. In Pechersk, mass
building of multi-storey houses had faced some obstacles imposed by the
Esplanade Regulations before
1908.
In the history of Kyiv residence architecture, a significant role was
played by graduates of the Imperial Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg
and the Institute of Civil Engineers: O.V. Beretti, O.Ya. Shile,
V.M.
and
I.V.
Mikolayev, O.V. Kobelev, E.P. Bradtman, V.V. Horodetskyi, H.P. Shleifer,
P.F. Alioshyn, O.M. Verbytskyi,
V.O.
Osmak and others. Kyiv architects
introduced all fashionable styles into the
cityscape
like Neo-Renaissance,
Historism, Neo-Classicism, Heo-Ukrainian style, Art
nouveau,
Rationalism.
AH this generated a certain lifestyle, traditions, habits
-
the urban every¬
day life of Kyiv.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the new industrial and commer¬
cial bourgeoisie, which was getting more and more European required
the European minimal amount of utilities. These wishes brough electric
and gas lighting as well as electric tramways to Kyiv. The growth of en¬
trepreneurs economic power caused transformations in the city
s
social
geography . The bourgeoisie intervened into aristocratic neighbourhoods
and captured the most aristocratic streets. First of all, this refers to Lypky
where the social stratification of owners in the 1860-1870S and in the ear¬
ly
20*
century changed drastically. Building their own mansions or buying
DOWN THE STREETS OF OLD KYIV
516
them from impoverished representatives of the higher class , capitalists
often took over the every-day life of the gentry.
The formation of the historical milieu out of Kyiv s old districts has its
specific features. The historical milieu of the Old Town has been preserved
the most. The area between Volodymyrska Street and Khreshchatyk on the
section from the Volodymyr Hill to Prorizna Street approaches directly the
central square
-
Maidan
Nezalezhnosti and Khreshchatyk where most his¬
torical and architectural monuments are concentrated and the construc¬
tion of resident housing is very dense. The planning structure of streets to
the west of
Maidan
Nezalezhnosti has hardly changed since the 10th~12th
centuries. The construction of the late 19th to early 20th century shapes a
distinctive look of the city s centre.
A different housing type was popular in the Court Area (Lypky) than
in the Old Town or the New Construction Area. The dominant type was a
one-family detached house with architectural and artistic elements that
are very visible and stood out of other buildings. In Lypky, there are pre¬
served about
20
houses. The streets where mansions and manor hous¬
es prevailed are Lypska Street, partially Shovkovychna and Hrushevskyi
Streets. The large-scale event of town planning during the late
1
9th to early
20th century was the planning of Merinh mansion and the constructions of
Mykolayivska, Merinhivska, Nova and Olhynska Streets.
A new district of Kyiv was created in the 1830s, and it was known as
the New Construction Area. Most houses were erected during the period of
the building fever. In Velyka Vasylkivska and Mariyinsko-Blahovishchenska
Streets, a couple of hundreds of houses were for a short time. The histo¬
rical milieu of this district got formed back to the late 19th through early
20th century. A peculiar place in the history of Ukrainian culture belongs
to Saksahanskyi Street (the former Mariyinsko-Blahovishchenska Street)
which Ye. Chykalenko called Kyiv s most Ukrainian street. Pankivshchy-
na
-
the so-called Latin Quarter
-
was important in the history of Kyiv as
well, because the elite of Ukrainian science and culture lived here. One of
its monuments is the house of the prominent Ukrainian state leader and
scholar Mykhailo Hrushevskyi.
The adornment of Kyiv is Podil along with its old churches, houses of
the first half of the 19th century, well-known baroque ensembles, buildings
of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.
Old Town
Old Horod, Old Town, Old Kyiv, Upper Town,
Hora
are the names
of Kyiv s oldest area delineated by Yaroslaviv
Val
Street, Lvivska Square,
Velyka Zhytomyrska Street, Desiatynna Street, Kostiolna Street and Proriz¬
na Street. The primary names are
Hora (Hill,
mentioned in the chronicles)
and the Upper Town. The names Old Town and Old Kyiv might have
appeared in the late 17th to early 18th centuries when the Pechersk for¬
tress was being built, and the surrounding area was being developed. In
SUMMARY
517
1790,
the name Old Kyiv was adopted officially when, due to its natural
location, the city was divided into three parts
-
Pechersk, Old Kyiv and Po-
dil. The names Old Town, Old Horod, and Old Kyiv had been especially
widely-used by the mid-
1
9th century when the administrative centre of Kyiv
was in the aristocratic area of Lypky in Pechersk.
The Old Town included the streets of the Upper Town near
Maidan
Neza-
lezhnosti along with streets that were built in the 1830s and belonged to the
Flew Construction Area. According to the administrative division, they were
part of both the Old Kyiv and Lybid districts. It is the continuation of Volo-
dymyrska,
Bohdan Khmelnytskyi,
Prorizna, Pushkinska Streets and others.
The territory of the Upper Town was inhabited gradually. At the prince¬
ly time, the Town of Volodymyr, the Town of Yaroslav and the Town of
Iziaslav were clearly distinctive. The nucleus of the city development was
the Old Kyiv Hill and the territory around it where the administrative and
military centres of the Kyivan State were located. Here was the princely
palace with facilities, administrative buildings, the market and places of
worship which were pagan at first, but later turned into churches and mo¬
nasteries. That was a true Acropolis.
The small territory of the Town of Volodymyr stretched from St. An¬
drew s Church to the crossroads of today s Volodymyrska and Velyka Zhy-
tomyrska Streets and from the national Museum of Ukrainian History to
the Funicular. At the corner of Velyka Zhytomyrska, the red quartzrock
marks the foundation of the Sophia Gate which was raided into by
Batu
Khan s horde and is also sometimes named the
Batu
Gate.
In the 10th century, behind the gate there was a huge ravine that sepa¬
rated the city from the field outside the town . That was the field where
the Town of Yaroslav started growing at the beginning of the
11
centuiy.
It covered a much larger territory: from the crossroads of Volodymyrska
and Velyka Zhytomyrska Streets via Volodymyrska Street to the Golden
Gate, then via Yaroslaviv
Val
to Lvivska Square and farther via Velyka
Zhytomyrska Street. The town s earthwork ran farther on the slopes or
the Mykhailo Hill and down via Kostiolna Street to
Maidan
Mezalezhnosti
and then up along Mala Pidvalna Street to the Golden Gate. At that time
the town covered the whole
Hora.
It was a capital of a great state being
proud of St. Sophia s Cathedral and surrounded by a deep
ravine,
a high
earthwork and a strong wall with three gates
-
Zhydivski (Lv.vska Square),
Uadski
(Maidan
Hezalezhnosti) and Golden.
During the late
1
1th to early
12*
century, the city
™
part of
Hora
-
the Town of Iziaslav where St. Michael s
Church was built in
1108-1113.
The new area was separated from the
Town of Yaroslav by a small ravine and from the Town of Volodymyr by a
valley which is still well visible: the funicular goes here Thus,
h
:
aty took
the whole
Нога
and had no place for extending
-
the outskirts sorted
^
In the
io-
to
13«
centuries, the Upper Town was a centre of Byzan¬
tine arts and architecture. After the Mongol invasion when the Upper
Town was destroyed and fell into decline, Kyiv s life revived in
Pödil.
,
DOWn THE STREETS OF OLD KYIV
518
The life of the Upper Town organized around the survived mediaeval
churches. During the 17th-18th centuries, Byzantine mediaeval churches
were rebuilt in the popular baroque style. The key buildings of those
times were St. Sophia s Cathedral with its monastery and St. Michael s
Qolden-Domed Monastery. Two baroque bell towers on the monastery
gates decorated the
cityscape
of the Upper Town and visually linked both
architectural ensembles. In the 19th century, the squares in front of the
monasteries were connected by the wide Volodymyrski pathway. The
urban construction of the 19th to early 20th centuries did not absorb the
mighty architectural ensemble. These two baroque complexes continued
dominating over the tangle of streets.
Today the territory of the Upper Town is densely built on. It has pre¬
served the planning and space structure well and is rich in objects of
cultural heritage that includes the architectural, compositional and town
planning centre
-
the ensemble of St. Sophia s Cathedral, a monument
of the world heritage. The unity of the Upper Town and the general his¬
torical nature of its milieu are still kept despite all violations as the con¬
struction of the 19th to early 20th centuries and the traditional spatial
construction prevail here. The central street of the Upper Town is Volo-
dymyrska which starts at the Old Kyiv Hill and runs through the Town of
Volodymyr and the Town of Yaroslav.
Khreshchatyk was accessed by three streets from Sofiyska Square in
the Upper Town: Mykhailivska, Sofiyska and Mala Zhytomyrska. The later
was built between the former two streets in the
1
860s and was the most
convenient as it ran down on the flat slope. The tramway route was built
here later. These streets are crossed by Mykhailivskyi Pass.
The district, embracing Sofiyska, Mykhailivska, Kostiolna, Mala
Zhytomyrska, Malopidvalna Streets, Mykhailivskyi and
Taras Shevchenko
Passes, has preserved its historical look by the 21st century, nowadays,
it is part of the capital s business centre hosting banks, offices and
commercial centres. The planning structure of streets to the west from
Maidan
ľiezalezhnosti
has barely changed since the
ІОМг 1
centuries.
The formed complexes of the Upper Town and Kreshchatyk influenced
building policies on the slopes; this is why this land was built on most
actively during the building boom at the turn of the 20th century.
The streets, which were laid and built on from the mid-19th century, did
not belong the city s oldest part, but they are old from today s viewpoint.
The dense construction of the second half of the 19th century through the
early
20(ћ
century is conserved here. In the first quarter of the 20th century,
these streets mainly belonged to the Old Kyiv district, and some of them
were part of the Lybid district (Tereshchenkivska Street, partially Pushkins-
ka Street). The streets are located from Prorizna Street to
Taras
Shevchen¬
ko Boulevard: Prorizna, Ivan
Franko,
Pyrohovska, Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi,
Bohdan
Khmelnytskyi, Lysenko, Tereshchenkivska, Pushkinska. Some
streets cross
Taras
Shevchenko Boulevard and reach Lev Tolstoy Street.
SUMMARY
519
Khreshchatyk as Kyiv s main street
The street Khreshchatyk has existed for up to two centuries. This place
name has been known since the time of Kyivan
Rus:
the Khreshchatyi
(Crossing) ravine between the Upper City and Pechersk was also called
the Khreshchata valley as it was slashed with ravines. The street name
Khreshchatyk was officially approved in
1869.
In
1923-1937,
the street
was named after Vorovskyi. In the 1840s, when Pechersk was burnt and a
great part of
Klov
was destroyed for building a fortress, the centre of Kyiv life
gradually moved to Khreshchatyk. As time passed, the street was filled with
buildings and turned into the city s main street. The growth of the street was
contributed by its central position among Podil, Pechersk and the Old Town
as well as by its low-level location. Khreshchatyk lies from Yevropeiska
Square to Bessarabska Square and
Taras Shevchenko
Boulevard; besides,
it links three squares: Yevropeiska,
Maidan Mezalezhnosti
and Bessarabska.
The house numbering always started on the side of the Dnipro River.
Two centuries have changed the character, height and density of con¬
struction. In the autumn of
1941,
Soviet secret fighters blasted houses in
the central and neighbouring streets. Khreshchatyk was turned into ruins.
Only the even houses of the old construction from Yevropeiska Square
to
Maidan
Hezalezhnosti survived. Much later, during the
1970-1
980s,
Houses
2, 4, 14
and
16
were pulled down, and the contemporary buildings
were erected instead. On the even numbering of Khreshchatyk, the only
remnants of the construction of the 19th to early 20th centuries are House
32
and the block between
Bohdan Khmelnytskyi
Street and
Taras
Shevchenko
Boulevard. The almost whole left side of Khreshchatyk was built anew in
the
1950s.
The outbuilding construction is partially preserved, and after
the war, it moved up to the frontage line: these are some buildings around
Bessarabska Square. The former Dumska Square (now
-
Maidan
Píezale-
zhnosti) has changed as well: it has become wider on the left where the
uninterrupted building line was before the war. Similarly changed the street
between
Maidan
Mezalezhnosti and Bessarabska Square. The left side of
Khreshchatyk has been decorated with a boulevard here.
Khreshchatyk of the early 20th century is the administrative, commer¬
cial, financial and cultural centre of Kyiv. The start of transferring the city s
administrative centre was the construction of the residence of Kyiv city
council on the former Khreshchatytska Square (now
-
Maidan Hezalezhno-
sti). In the 19404950s, Khreshchatyk was completely rebuilt, and though
the architectural view of the street changed, its main function of the cen¬
tral street in the Ukrainian capital has remained the same.
ypy
In the 18th century, lime and mulberry groves grew on the area of to¬
day s Lypska, Shovkovychna,
Sadová, Akademik Bohomolets
Streets and
Vynohradnyi Pass, and monks of the Kyiv Caves Monastery cultivated vine¬
yards here.
DOWN THE STREETS OF OLD KYIV
520
When Lypky appeared as a town planning concept, the area started be¬
ing shaped as a residence for higher local administration. Here stood the
Mariyinskyi Palace, the houses of the governor-general, the civil governor
and later of the commander-in-chief of the Kyiv military district. According
to the Esplanade Regulations that limited the height and character of con¬
struction nearby the fortress in Pechersk which was being built in
1830-
1860,
only stone one- or two-storey houses were allowed to build in Lypky.
In the early 20th century, the district of Lypky covered the territory of
the following contemporary streets: Arkhitektor Horodetskyi, Mykhailo
Hrushevskyi, Instytutska, Kriposnyi Pass, Pylyp Orlyk, Lypska, Shovkovych-
na, Kruhlouniversytetska, Krutyi Descent, Liuteranska, Zankovetska, Ivan
Franko
Square, Stanislavskyi, Olhynska,
Banková, Sadová, Akademik
Бо-
homolets. Lypky belonged to the Court administrative district.
Before the second half of the
1
9th century, Lypky preserved its character
of the city s exclusively aristocratic and administrative part which correlated
with housing architecture adorned by high white Classicist columns. In the
late 19th century, the social composition of house owners changed: among
the houses of hereditary aristocracy there appeared the mansions of com¬
mercial and industrial bourgeoisie. The Classicism of Lypky was succeeded
by Eclecticism which combined elements of various styles (Moorish, Renais¬
sance, Gothic, Baroque, Greek Revival etc). After cancelling the Esplanade
Regulations in
1909,
architects started constructing multi-storey tenement
buildings in Lypky, and the district was gradually losing its unique look. The
1920s
witnessed the start of cooperative housing.
After transferring the capital of the UkrSSR from Kharkiv to Kyiv in
1934,
the republic-level authorities of the state, the Communist Party and the
administration were concentrated in Lypky. Housing was constructed for
state apparatus workers like the ten-storey building of the riKVD (now
-
the building of the Government, Hrushevskyi Street
12),
the building of
the Verkhovna
Rada
(Hrushevskyi Street,
5).
The official role of Lypky did
not diminish in the second half of the 20th century. Since Ukraine became
independent, Lypky has hosted the residence of Ukrainian President of
Ukraine s parliament
-
the Verkhovna
Rada,
Ukraine s Government, the na¬
tional Bank of Ukraine, the Supreme Court of Ukraine and various state
institutions.
Pechersk
я
HPpCHMľuÍS
One Of Kyiv S three oldest distrlcts (al°ng with the Old City
and
Podii)
It takes the highest part of the Kyiv plateau and stretches south¬
east from the Old City and Lypky. The district was named after numerous
caves
m
this area. Some settlements were founded here
-
Uhorské
and
Berest.v (with the princely palace). Later there appeared monasteries: the
ľľ* ľľ ľ
OneS are the Kyiv Caves Monasteiy (the first chronicle
year
10M) and St
ШШаѕ
monastery. The dominant
ensemble of this part of Kyiv was the Dormition Monastery
SUMMARY
521
of the Kyiv Caves that includes the building complexes of the Far and
Near Caves. Cossacks under the supervision of
Hetman
Ivan Samoilovych
built a fortress with high walls around the monastery in
1679.
Hetman
Ivan
Mazepa
commissioned the construction of stone walls around it in
1696-1701.
A new fortress was founded in Pechersk on
15
August
1706.
In 171b the Kyiv governor-general transferred his residence from then
Old Kyiv Fortress to the Pechersk one. After the arrangement of the fortress,
the commandant and the engineer general of Kyiv were appointed. Pechersk
transformed into the city s military and administrative centre. The monastery
along with the fortress and the outer settlement created a separate town
which was separated from the Old Town by a barren and a forest, filled with
buildings of Pechersk, the Court Area and Khreshchatyk only in the 19th
century. In the first half of the 19th century, Pechersk remained the official
centre of Kyiv, and the city s main street was
Moskovska.
In the
1830-
1840s, the construction of the Mew Kyiv Pechersk For¬
tress started in Pechersk. In
1830,
the construction plan was approved,
and it demanded the destruction of some blocks of private housing. After
the mid-19th century, military buildings and old monasteries prevailed in
Pechersk. In the late 19th century, Pechersk was a separate town which
was governed by the fortress commandant. Municipal self-governance had
nothing to do with it.
At the beginning of the 20th century, there were still a lot of old
-
one-
and two-storey
-
houses of the first half of the 19th century. They were ru¬
ined when the fortress was liquidated and the Esplanade Regulations were
cancelled. Energetic construction works took place here in the
1910s
be¬
fore the First World War. In particular, multi-storey buildings were erected
in Mykilska, Levandovska,
Moskovska
and Suvorovska Streets. Most of
them have survived till nowadays.
Today Pechersk is an important educational and cultural centre of
the Ukrainian capital: there are some higher educational establishments,
the national Kyiv-Pechersk Historical and Cultural Preserve, the Memori¬
al Complex National Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic
ƒ
ar
(1941-1945) ,
the Everlasting Glory Park, the Museum Complex «Art Ar¬
senal», the national Centre of Folk Culture Ivan Honchar Museum etc.
Podil
The Podil construction is a unique architectural ensemble shaped over
the centuries. It is a meeting place for various styles
- Baroq^
^s
cism, Empire, Art
Nouveau.
During all the stages of its historical
deve
op-
ment,
Podii
was always famous for its town P^nI?8 ^^?^
ties with the environment. Podil is the oldest district of the
с
tory
goes back to the time of Kyivan
Rus
(9*
to
13»
^
the city s centre of commerce and crafts as well as to port, »
by numerous overland and water routes that connected Europe and Asia
Baltic countries and Byzantium.
m
DOWN THE STREETS OF OLD KYIV
522
In the IS 1 century, Podil townspeople were granted the right of self-go¬
vernance. The administrative and strategic centre moved from the Upper
Town to the castle, built on the hill that stood over Podil separated from
other hills by the valleys Hlybochytsi, Honchari and Kozhumyaky. So, it
was called the Castle Hill and later Kyselivska Hill, named after the
voivode
Adam Kysil. During the Middle Ages, most residents (townspeople) lived
in Podil where trade and crafts were blossoming. Podil also hosted a city
hall, the main market, the stone municipal Holy Dormition Church, the
Theophany Monastery and a school (college), a hospital and a fraternity,
around ten orthodox churches, including the Church of St. Nicholas the
Good and the Church of St. Nicholas the Prytysk s. Most population of
Podil conjoined in guilds (which appeared in the first half of the 15th
century). The appearance of classical guilds in Kyiv was motivated by the
application of Magdeburg Law. Guild representatives actively participated
in the municipal self-governance.
In the mid-18th century, Podil was a centre of Ukrainian life. The friend¬
ly community of townsmen lived here and was governed by Magdeburg
Law. It actively opposed to Moscow commercial people , who, however,
got more and more privileges by all means, besides they were supported
by the government, and they gradually penetrated into the local life. The
attack on spiritual life got harsher when Russian was introduced as a lan¬
guage of church and instruction in the Academy.
The fire of
9
July
1811
which destroyed almost the whole building area
of Podil, also gave a stimulus to radical changes. Architects started filling
the area with rectangular blocks. The old private houses are easily recog¬
nizable: they stand diagonal to the contemporary direction of the streets.
In the early 20 1 century,
Podii
was one of the city s main commercial
and economic centres. At the turn of the 20th century, it was also a great
religious, cultural and educational centre of Kyiv: there were
20
churches,
the Kyiv Theological Academy and the Kyiv Theological Seminary, the Kyiv
Podil Theological School, the Kyiv High School No
3,
the Kyiv Podil High
School for Girls and other educational institutions.
The aura of Podil with its peculiar architecture, quiet streets, baroque
churches, a thrilling feeling of good old times is still present in the 21st
century. Volodymyrsky Descent connects Podil with Yevropeiska Square
and Pechersk. Kontraktova Square lies in the centre of Podil, and it played
the role of the city s public centre in the 17th to early 19th centuries. The
construction of the square lasted for a lot of centuries. The important
architectural dominants in the square construction were the complexes
of the Fraternal Theophany and St. Catherine s Monasteries (extinct). Ten
streets start running at Kontraktova Square:
Petro Sahaidachnyi, Hlinská,
Hryhoriy Skovoroda, Spaska, Mezhyhirska, Kostiantynivska, Prytysko-
Mykilska, Florivska, Andriyivskyi Descent and Pokrovska. The main
historical roads are
Petro
Sahaidachnyi Street, Kostiantynivska Street and
Andriyivskyi Descent.
SUMMARY
523
Over the Lybid (New Construction Area)
The 1830s witnessed the creation of a new city district
-
the so-called
Lybid District or the New Construction Area. During the first quarter of the
20th century, the historical district of the Mew Construction Area covered
the Lybid district and part of the Boulevard district in Kyiv.
The energetic development and construction of this area started in the
late 19th to early 20th centuries. The main streets are
Taras Shevchenko
Boulevard (it separates two former districts: Old Kyiv and Lybid), Veiyka
Vasylkivska (Chervonoarmiyska), Saksahanskyi, Gorky (Kuznechna), Zhy-
lianska. The construction of the late
1
9th to early 20th century is well-pre¬
served in Baseina and Rohnidynska Streets. The embellishment of the city
is the Art
nouveau
houses in Shota Rustaveli,
Vetrov,
Veiyka Vasylkivs¬
ka and Saksahanskyi Streets. Religious buildings of various denomina¬
tions were built here at the new time. St. Volodymyr s Cathedral
(Taras
Shevchenko Blvd,
20),
the catholic St. Nicholas Roman Catholic Cathe¬
dral (Veiyka Vasylkivska,
75),
the Choral Synagogue (Shota Rustaveli,
13)
decorate the city even nowadays. Some of them were destroyed in the
1930-1
960s: the Annunciation Church, the Holy Trinity Church, St. Volo¬
dymyr s Church at the Lybid, St. John Chrysostom s (Iron) Church, and
St.
Elias
Church. The historical area of Pankivshchyna includes three Kyiv
streets
-
Tarasivska, Mykilsko-Botanichna and Pankivska.
The part of Volodymyrska Street beyond the crossing of the former
Bibikovskyi Boulevard belonged to the Lybid district The development
of this area started in the
1
830s when the building of the University got
started. That was the largest civil construction in the city during the first
half of the 19th century. The constructing was over in
1842.
The majestic
sizes and monumental form of the main building made it stand out among
then low-rise houses over the whole area of the New Construction Area.
In the 20th century, the University was supplemented by libraries on both
sides that perfectly matched the landscape. The whole University ensem¬
ble along with the park and the monument to
Taras
Shevchenko is now
perceived as a whole.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Druh, Olʹha Mykolaïvna 1957- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1159190348 |
| author_facet | Druh, Olʹha Mykolaïvna 1957- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Druh, Olʹha Mykolaïvna 1957- |
| author_variant | o m d om omd |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041708286 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)873548111 (DE-599)BVBBV041708286 |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Kiew (DE-588)4030522-3 gnd |
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| id | DE-604.BV041708286 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:03:25Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789666038497 |
| language | Ukrainian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027155538 |
| oclc_num | 873548111 |
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| physical | 539 S. zahlr. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2013 |
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| publisher | Vydavnyctvo "Svit" |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Serija "Istoryčni Miscja Ukraïny" |
| spelling | Druh, Olʹha Mykolaïvna 1957- Verfasser (DE-588)1159190348 aut Vulycjamy staroho Kyjeva Olʹha Druh Down the streets of old Kyiv Lʹviv Vydavnyctvo "Svit" 2013 539 S. zahlr. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Serija "Istoryčni Miscja Ukraïny" PST: Down the streets of old Kyiv. - In kyrill. Schr., ukrain., Inh.-Verz. und Abb.-Verz. auch engl. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Kiew (DE-588)4030522-3 gnd rswk-swf Kiew (DE-588)4030522-3 g Geschichte z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027155538&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027155538&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Druh, Olʹha Mykolaïvna 1957- Vulycjamy staroho Kyjeva |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4030522-3 |
| title | Vulycjamy staroho Kyjeva |
| title_alt | Down the streets of old Kyiv |
| title_auth | Vulycjamy staroho Kyjeva |
| title_exact_search | Vulycjamy staroho Kyjeva |
| title_full | Vulycjamy staroho Kyjeva Olʹha Druh |
| title_fullStr | Vulycjamy staroho Kyjeva Olʹha Druh |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vulycjamy staroho Kyjeva Olʹha Druh |
| title_short | Vulycjamy staroho Kyjeva |
| title_sort | vulycjamy staroho kyjeva |
| topic_facet | Kiew |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027155538&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027155538&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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