In search of mechanisms: discoveries across the life sciences
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chicago [u.a.]
Univ. of Chicago Press
2013
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 228 S. Ill., graph. Darst. - graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780226039657 9780226039794 9780226039824 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: In search of mechanisms
Autor: Craver, Carl F
Jahr: 2013
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 io n 12 SUMMARY OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations xv Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxi Introduction: Discovering Mechanisms l Biological Mechanisms 15 Representing Biological Mechanisms 30 Characterizing the Phenomenon 52 Strategies for Mechanism Schema Construction 64 Virtues and Vices of Mechanism Schemas 83 Constraints on Mechanism Schemas 97 Experiments and the Search for Mechanisms 119 Strategies for Revising Mechanism Schemas 144 Interfield and Interlevel Integration 161 The Pragmatic Value of Knowing How Something Works 186 Conclusion 196 References 203 Index 219
Contents List of Illustrations xv Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxi Chapter i Introduction: Discovering Mechanisms i Learning How Curare Kills l Learning to Look for Mechanisms 2 Discovery: The Product Shapes the Process of Discovery 7 Strategies from History 10 The Mechanistic Integration of Biology 12 The Pragmatic Power of Mechanism 12 Bibliographic Discussion 13 Chapter 2 Biological Mechanisms 15 What Is a Mechanism? 15 Machines vs. Mechanisms 15 Components and Features of Mechanisms 16 Entities and Activities 16 Set Up, Start, and Finish Conditions 18 Productive Continuity 19 Regularity 19 Organization 20 Levels of Mechanisms 21 Functions 23 Mechanisms in a Wider Context 24 Multilevel, Multifield Perspective on Mechanisms 25 Conclusion 26 Bibliographic Discussion 26
Chapter 3 Representing Biolocical Mechanisms 30 Introduction: Representing Mechanisms 30 Dimensions of Mechanism Schemas 30 Completeness: Black Box to Gray Box Sketch to Glass Box Schema 31 Detail: Abstract to Specific 32 Support: How-possibly, How-plausibly, How-actually 34 Scope: Narrow to Wide 35 Visual Representations of Mechanisms 38 Mathematical and Graphical Representations of Mechanisms 41 Conclusion 50 Bibliographic Discussion 51 Chapter 4 Characterizing the Phenomenon 52 Characterizations of Phenomena Shape the Discovery of Mechanisms 52 Phenomena Are Not Just Proper Functions 53 Phenomena, Data, and Experimental Techniques 54 What Is Involved in Characterizing a Phenomenon? 56 Precipitating Conditions and Manifestations 56 Inhibiting Conditions 57 Modulating Conditions 58 Nonstandard Conditions 58 By-Products 59 Summary: Characterizing the Phenomenon 60 Recharacterizing the Phenomenon 60 Fictional Phenomena 60 Lumping and Splitting 61 Conclusion 62 Bibliographic Discussion 62
Chapter 5 Strategies for Mechanism Schema Construction 64 Discovery: From Aha to Strategy 64 The Product Shapes the Process of Discovery 65 Guidance from the Phenomenon and the Store 67 Localization 69 Employ a Schema Type 71 Modular Subassembly 74 Forward/Backward Chaining 77 Conclusion 80 Bibliographic Discussion 81 Chapter 6 Virtues and Vices of Mechanism Schemas 83 Introduction 83 Virtues of Good Theories 83 Evaluating Mechanism Schemas: Superficiality, Incompleteness, Incorrectness 86 Superficiality 87 Incompleteness 89 The “And How Does That Work?” Test and the Vice ofBoxology g 0 The “What !ƒThat Worked Differently? Test and the Vice of Chainology 91 The Build It Test 92 Incorrectness 94 Conclusion 95 Bibliographic Discussion 95
Chapter 7 Constraints on Mechanism Schemas 97 Introduction: Constraints and Correctness 97 Theoretical Background of Harvey’s Discovery 98 Locations 102 Structures/Entities 104 Abilities 106 Activities 109 Timing 111 Productivity 113 Roles 114 Global Organization 115 Conclusion 117 Bibliographic Discussion 117 Chapter 8 Experiments and the Search for Mechanisms 119 Introduction 119 Experiments for Testing Causal Relevance 120 Experimental System, Intervene, Detect 120 Interlevel Experiments for Testing Componential Relevance 125 Interference Experiments 126 Stimulation Experiments 127 Activation Experiments 128 Complex Experiments for Asking Specific Mechanistic Questions 129 By-What-Activity Experiments 129 By-What-Entity Experiments 131 Series of Experiments and Multiple Interventions 133 Preparing the Experimental System 137 Conclusion 141 Bibliographic Discussion 142 XU
Chapter 9 Strategies for Revisinc Mechanism Schemas 144 Introduction 144 General Types of Anomalies 145 Experimental and Data Analysis Errors and Falsifying Anomalies 145 Monster, Special Case, and Model Anomalies 146 Clues from the Anomaly 147 A Monster Anomaly 148 Localizing and Fixing Special Case and Model Anomalies 151 Indicative Anomalies in the Search for Mechanisms 152 Localizing a Model Anomaly: The Discovery of Messenger RNA 154 Modular Redesign 157 Conclusion 159 Bibliographic Discussion 159 Chapter 10 Interfield and Interlevel Integration 161 Different Fields, Different Questions 161 Simple Mechanistic Integration: Discovering the Mechanism of Protein Synthesis 164 Interlevel Integration: Discovering the Mechanisms of Learning 167 Sequential Intertemporal Integration: Sequential Relations among Mendelian Genetic and Molecular Biological Mechanisms 172 Continuous Intertemporal Interlevel Integration: The Evolutionary Synthesis 177 Conclusion 182 Bibliographic Discussion 183 Xlll
Chapter n The Pragmatic Value of Knowing How Something Works i86 Introduction: Control 186 Estuary Mechanisms: Eliminating Dead Zones 187 Cystic Fibrosis Mechanisms and Design of Therapies 189 Optogenetics: Controlling the Brain with Light 193 Conclusion 195 Bibliographic Discussion 195 Chapter 12 Conclusion 196 Discovering Mechanisms 196 Summaries 199 References 203 Index 219 xiv
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| physical | XXII, 228 S. Ill., graph. Darst. - graph. Darst. |
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| spelling | Craver, Carl F. Verfasser aut In search of mechanisms discoveries across the life sciences Carl F. Craver and Lindley Darden Chicago [u.a.] Univ. of Chicago Press 2013 XXII, 228 S. Ill., graph. Darst. - graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Mechanismus Philosophie (DE-588)4281619-1 gnd rswk-swf Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 gnd rswk-swf Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd rswk-swf Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 s Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 s Mechanismus Philosophie (DE-588)4281619-1 s Geschichte z DE-604 Darden, Lindley Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027070860&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Craver, Carl F. In search of mechanisms discoveries across the life sciences Mechanismus Philosophie (DE-588)4281619-1 gnd Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 gnd Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4281619-1 (DE-588)4045791-6 (DE-588)4006851-1 |
| title | In search of mechanisms discoveries across the life sciences |
| title_auth | In search of mechanisms discoveries across the life sciences |
| title_exact_search | In search of mechanisms discoveries across the life sciences |
| title_full | In search of mechanisms discoveries across the life sciences Carl F. Craver and Lindley Darden |
| title_fullStr | In search of mechanisms discoveries across the life sciences Carl F. Craver and Lindley Darden |
| title_full_unstemmed | In search of mechanisms discoveries across the life sciences Carl F. Craver and Lindley Darden |
| title_short | In search of mechanisms |
| title_sort | in search of mechanisms discoveries across the life sciences |
| title_sub | discoveries across the life sciences |
| topic | Mechanismus Philosophie (DE-588)4281619-1 gnd Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 gnd Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Mechanismus Philosophie Philosophie Biologie |
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