Acute and chronic complications of diabetes:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia, Pa.
Elsevier
2013
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
42,4 |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII S., S. 657 - 1014 Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780323260947 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Acute and chronic complications of diabetes |c ed. Leonid Poretsky ... |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Acute and chronic complications of diabetes
Autor: Poretsky, Leonid
Jahr: 2013
Contents
Foreword
Derek LeRoith
Preface: Why Focus on Complications?
Emilia Pauline Liao and Leonid Poretsky
Hypoglycemia
Mazen Alsahli and John E. Gerich
Acute and Chronic Complications of Diabetes
xiii
xvii
Hypoglycemia remains a common problem for patients with diabetes and
is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. This article sum-
marizes our current knowledge of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk
factors, and complications of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes
and discusses prevention and treatment strategies.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State 677
Jelena Maletkovic and Andrew Drexler
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state
(HHS) are potentially fatal hyperglycemic crises that occur as acute com-
plications of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. The authors provide a review
of the current epidemiology, precipitating factors, pathogenesis, clinical
presentation, evaluation, and treatment of DKA and HHS. The discovery
of insulin in 1921 changed the life expectancy of patients with diabetes
mellitus dramatically. Today, almost a century later, DKA and HHS remain
significant causes of morbidity and mortality across different countries,
ages, races, and socioeconomic groups and a significant economic
burden for society.
Advanced Glycation Endproducts in Diabetes and Diabetic Complications 697
Helen Vlassara and Gary E. Striker
This review presents insights from studies of advanced glycation end
products (AGEs) in humans and mice. Although the emphasis is on the
effects of exogenous AGEs and the suppression of specific host defense
mechanisms, AGEs are also formed intracellular^, where they may con-
tribute to several normal intracellular functions. It is only when the overall
levels of AGEs in the extracellular and the intracellular spaces exceeds
the ability of the native antioxidant (and AGE) defenses that they pose
a problem.
Diabetic Retinopathy: Current Concepts and Emerging Therapy 721
Daniel F. Rosberger
More Americans become blind each year from microvascular complica-
tions of diabetes than from any other cause. Several studies have
viii Contents
indicated that tight glucose control and lifestyle modification can dra-
matically reduce the incidence and prevalence of diabetic retinopathy.
Research over the past several years has yielded a tremendous increase
in our knowledge of the pathogenesis of the damage to the retina that
occurs in diabetes and has facilitated our ability to intervene and control
the damage. New intravitreal medical therapies supported by government-
and industry-supported research are gradually replacing standard laser
photocoagulation for the treatment of all forms of retinopathy.
Diabetic Neuropathy 747
Aaron I. Vinik, Marie-Laure Nevo ret, Carolina Casellini, and Henri Parson
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most common and troublesome complica-
tion of diabetes mellitus, leading to the greatest morbidity and mortality
and resulting in a huge economic burden for diabetes care. The clinical
assessment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and its treatment options
are multifactorial. Patients with DN should be screened for autonomic neu-
ropathy, as there is a high degree of coexistence of the two complications.
A review of the clinical assessment and treatment algorithms for diabetic
neuropathy, painful neuropathy, and autonomic dysfunction is provided.
Diabetic Kidney Disease and the Cardiorenal Syndrome: Old Disease, New
Perspectives 789
Ankur Jindal, Mariana Garcia-Touza, Nidhi Jindal, Adam Whaley-Connell, and
James R. Sowers
In this article, the literature is reviewed regarding the role of blood pressure
variability and nocturnal nondipping of blood pressure as well as the pres-
ence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), in the absence of albuminuria, as
risk predictors for progressive DKD. The importance of glycémie and
blood pressure control in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney dis-
ease, and the use of oral hypoglycemic agents and antihypertensive
agents in this patient cohort, are also discussed.
Gastrointestinal Complications of Diabetes 809
Brigid S. Boland, Steven V. Edelman, and James D. Wolosin
This review provides an overview of the vast gastrointestinal tract compli-
cations of diabetes that can occur from the mouth to the anus. The presen-
tation, diagnosis, and management of gastrointestinal disorders, ranging
from gastroparesis, celiac disease, and bacterial overgrowth to nonalco-
holic fatty liver disease, are reviewed to heighten awareness. When man-
aging care of patients with diabetes, one should keep in mind the potential
gastrointestinal complications, as well as the frequent disorders that are
not related to diabetes.
Complications of the Diabetic Foot 833
Paul J. Kim and John Steinberg
The diabetic foot is at high risk for complications because of its role in
ambulation. Peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease can
lead to chronic foot ulcers, which are at high risk for infection, in part
Contents
attributable to areas of high pressure caused by lack of tolerance of the
soft tissue and bone and joint deformity. If left untreated, infection and
ischemia lead to tissue death, culminating in amputation. Treatment strat-
egies include antibiosis, topical therapies, offloading, debridement, and
surgery. A multidisciplinar team approach is necessary in the prevention
and treatment of complications of the diabetic foot.
Periodontitis: Oral Complication of Diabetes 849
Philip M. Preshaw and Susan M. Bissett
Periodontitis is a common, chronic, inflammatory disease in which the
supporting apparatus of the teeth is gradually destroyed, resulting in tooth
mobility and tooth loss. Susceptibility to periodontitis is increased approx-
imately three-fold in people with diabetes. Hyperglycemia leads to exacer-
bated tissue destruction and the clinical signs of periodontitis. There is
evidence to support a two-way relationship between periodontitis and
diabetes; not only does diabetes increase the risk for periodontitis, but
periodontitis is associated with compromised glycémie control. Coopera-
tion between health care teams would benefit the treatment of patients
with diabetes and periodontitis.
Dermatologie Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review 869
Blair Murphy-Chutorian, George Han, and Steven R. Cohen
Diabetes mellitus affects every organ of the body including the skin. Certain
skin manifestations of diabetes are considered cutaneous markers of the
disease, whereas others are nonspecific conditions that occur more
frequently among individuals with diabetes compared with the general
population. Diabetic patients have an increased susceptibility to some
bacterial and fungal skin infections, which account, in part, for poor heal-
ing. Skin complications of diabetes provide clues to current and past
metabolic status. Recognition of cutaneous markers may slow disease
progression and ultimately improve the overall prognosis by enabling
earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Reproductive Sequelae of Diabetes in Male Patients 899
Geoffrey Gaunay, Harris M. Nagler, and Doron S. Stember
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an increasingly prevalent public health concern.
A recent study projected the number of people worldwide with DM to
increase from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. Although DM is
a systemic disease that often leads to end-organ dysfunction of multiple
body systems, the effects of the condition on male fertility are often not
fully appreciated. DM is associated with multiple risk factors for reduced
male fertility potential, including erectile dysfunction, various manifesta-
tions of ejaculatory dysfunction, and hypogonadism.
Diabetes and the Female Reproductive System 915
Anindita Nandi and Leonid Poretsky
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathways and glucose metabo-
lism act as mediators of human ovarian function and female fertility. In
x Contents
normal insulin action, insulin binds to its own receptors in the ovary to
mediate steroidogenesis and act as a co-gonadotropin. Insulin with other
factors may influence ovarian growth and cyst formation. The IGF pathway
also seems to influence normal ovarian function. Insulin signaling affects
reproductive function. Dysregulation of this pathway leads to altered
puberty, ovulation, and fertility. Better understanding of the normal physi-
ology and pathophysiology of insulin, IGF, and glucose effects on the
human reproductive system will allow for better outcomes.
Complications of Diabetes Therapy 947
Sarah D. Corathers, Shawn Peavie, and Marzieh Salehi
Current strategies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus promote
individualized plans to achieve target glucose levels on a patient-by-
patient basis while minimizing treatment related risks. Maintaining glycé-
mie control over time is a significant challenge because of the progressive
nature of diabetes as a result of declining ß-cell function. This article
identifies complications of non-insulin treatments for diabetes. The major
classes of medications are reviewed with special focus on target popula-
tion, mechanism of action, effect on weight, cardiovascular outcomes and
additional class-specific side effects including effects on bone. Effects on
ß-cell function are also highlighted.
Index
971
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| title | Acute and chronic complications of diabetes |
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| title_full | Acute and chronic complications of diabetes ed. Leonid Poretsky ... |
| title_fullStr | Acute and chronic complications of diabetes ed. Leonid Poretsky ... |
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| title_short | Acute and chronic complications of diabetes |
| title_sort | acute and chronic complications of diabetes |
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