Polymer extrusion:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
München
Hanser [u.a.]
2014
|
| Ausgabe: | 5. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 934 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781569905166 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 020 | |a 9781569905166 |9 978-1-56990-516-6 | ||
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| 084 | |a ZM 8165 |0 (DE-625)157162: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a CIT 740f |2 stub | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Rauwendaal, Chris |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Polymer extrusion |c Chris Rauwendaal |
| 250 | |a 5. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a München |b Hanser [u.a.] |c 2014 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 934 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. |c 25 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Extruder | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Extrudieren | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Extruder |0 (DE-588)4016084-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Polymere |0 (DE-588)4046699-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Extrudieren |0 (DE-588)4071089-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kunststoff |0 (DE-588)4033676-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
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| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-1-56990-539-5 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m DNB Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027037550&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027037550 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804151786323312640 |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION
V
1 INTRODUCTION
1
1.1 BASIC PROCESS 1
1.2 SCOPE OF THE BOOK 2
1.3 GENERAL LITERATURE SURVEY 3
1.4 HISTORY OF POLYMER EXTRUSION 6
PART I - EXTRUSION MACHINERY 11
2 DIFFERENT TYPES OF EXTRUDERS
13
2.1 THE SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDER 13
2.1.1 BASIC OPERATION 15
2.1.2 VENTED EXTRUDERS 16
2.1.3 RUBBER EXTRUDERS 17
2.1.4 HIGH-SPEED EXTRUSION 22
2.1.4.1 MELT TEMPERATURE 22
2.1.4.2 EXTRUDERS WITHOUT GEAR REDUCER 23
2.1.4.3 ENERGY CONSUMPTION 23
2.1.4.4 CHANGE-OVER RESIN CONSUMPTION 23
2.1.4.5 CHANGE-OVER TIME AND RESIDENCE TIME 24
2.2 THE MULTISCREW EXTRUDER 24
2.2.1 THE TWIN SCREW EXTRUDER 24
2.2.2 THE MULTISCREW EXTRUDER WITH MORE THAN TWO SCREWS 25
2.2.3 THE GEAR PUMP EXTRUDER 27
2.3 DISK EXTRUDERS 28
2.3.1 VISCOUS DRAG DISK EXTRUDERS 28
2.3.1.1 STEPPED DISK EXTRUDER 28
2.3.1.2 DRUM EXTRUDER 30
2.3.1.3 SPIRAL DISK EXTRUDER 31
2.3.1.4 DISKPACK EXTRUDER 31
2.3.2 THE ELASTIC MELT EXTRUDER 35
2.3.3 OVERVIEW OF DISK EXTRUDERS 36
2.4 RAM EXTRUDERS 36
2.4.1 SINGLE RAM EXTRUDERS 37
2.4.1.1 SOLID STATE EXTRUSION 38
2.4.2 MULTI RAM EXTRUDER 41
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1047565641
2.4.3 APPENDIX 2.1 42
2.4.3.1 PUMPING EFFICIENCY IN DISKPACK EXTRUDER 42
3 EXTRUDER HARDWARE
49
3.1 EXTRUDER DRIVE 49
3.1.1 AC MOTOR DRIVE SYSTEM 49
3.1.1.1 MECHANICAL ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVE 50
3.1.1.2 ELECTRIC FRICTION CLUTCH DRIVE 50
3.1.1.3 ADJUSTABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE 51
3.1.2 DC MOTOR DRIVE SYSTEM 53
3.1.2.1 BRUSHLESS DC DRIVES 55
3.1.3 HYDRAULIC DRIVE SYSTEM 55
3.1.4 COMPARISON OF VARIOUS DRIVE SYSTEMS 58
3.1.5 REDUCER 59
3.1.6 CONSTANT TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS 60
3.2 THRUST BEARING ASSEMBLY 61
3.3 BARREL AND FEED THROAT 64
3.4 FEED HOPPER 68
3.5 EXTRUDER SCREW 70
3.6 DIE ASSEMBLY 72
3.6.1 SCREENS AND SCREEN CHANGERS 72
3.7 HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS 75
3.7.1 ELECTRIC HEATING 75
3.7.1.1 RESISTANCE HEATING 75
3.7.1.2 INDUCTION HEATING 76
3.7.2 FLUID HEATING 77
3.7.3 EXTRUDER COOLING 77
3.7.4 SCREW HEATING AND COOLING 80
4 INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL
85
4.1 INSTRUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS 85
4.1.1 MOST IMPORTANT PARAMETERS 86
4.2 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT 87
4.2.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF MELT PRESSURE 87
4.2.2 DIFFERENT TYPES OF PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS 88
4.2.3 MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS 92
4.2.4 SPECIFICATIONS 93
4.2.5 COMPARISONS OF DIFFERENT TRANSDUCERS 96
4.3 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT 96
4.3.1 METHODS OF TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT 97
4.3.2 BARREL TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT 100
4.3.3 STOCK TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT 102
4.3.3.1 ULTRASOUND TRANSMISSION TIME 105
4.3.3.2 INFRARED MELT TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT 106
4.4 OTHER MEASUREMENTS 107
4.4.1 POWER MEASUREMENT 107
4.4.2 ROTATIONAL SPEED 109
4.4.3 EXTRUDATE THICKNESS 110
4.4.4 EXTRUDATE SURFACE CONDITIONS 114
4.5 TEMPERATURE CONTROL 116
4.5.1 ON-OFF CONTROL 117
4.5.2 PROPORTIONAL CONTROL 119
4.5.2.1 PROPORTIONAL-ONLY CONTROL 119
4.5.2.2 PROPORTIONAL AND INTEGRAL CONTROL 123
4.5.2.3 PROPORTIONAL AND INTEGRAL AND DERIVATIVE CONTROL 124
4.5.2.4 DUAL SENSOR TEMPERATURE CONTROL 125
4.5.3 CONTROLLERS 126
4.5.3.1 TEMPERATURE CONTROLLERS 126
4.5.3.2 POWER CONTROLLERS 126
4.5.3.3 DUAL OUTPUT CONTROLLERS 128
4.5.4 TIME-TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS 128
4.5.4.1 THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SYSTEM 128
4.5.4.2 MODELING OF RESPONSE IN LINEAR SYSTEMS 130
4.5.4.3 TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS WITH ON-OFF CONTROL 133
4.5.5 TUNING OF THE CONTROLLER PARAMETERS 135
4.5.5.1 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 135
4.5.5.2 EFFECT OF PID PARAMETERS 136
4.5.5.3 TUNING PROCEDURE WHEN PROCESS MODEL IS UNKNOWN 137
4.5.5.4 TUNING PROCEDURE WHEN PROCESS MODELLS KNOWN 138
4.5.5.5 PRE-TUNED TEMPERATURE CONTROLLERS 139
4.5.5.6 SELF-TUNING TEMPERATURE CONTROLLERS 140
4.6 TOTAL PROCESS CONTROL 140
4.6.1 TRUE TOTAL EXTRUSION PROCESS CONTROL 141
PART II - PROCESS ANALYSIS
147
5 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
149
5.1 BALANCE EQUATIONS 149
5.1.1 THE MASS BALANCE EQUATION 149
5.1.2 THE MOMENTUM BALANCE EQUATION 150
5.1.3 THE ENERGY BALANCE EQUATION ..: 151
5.2 BASIC THERMODYNAMICS 153
5.2.1 RUBBER ELASTICITY 157
5.2.2 STRAIN-INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION 159
5.3 HEAT TRANSFER 160
5.3.1 CONDUCTIVE HEAT TRANSFER 160
5.3.2 CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER 161
5.3.3 DIMENSIONLESS NUMBERS 161
5.3.3.1 DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS 161
5.3.3.2 IMPORTANT DIMENSIONLESS NUMBERS 163
5.3.4 VISCOUS HEAT GENERATION 168
5.3.5 RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSPORT 169
5.3.5.1 DIELECTRIC HEATING 171
5.3.5.2 MICROWAVE HEATING 173
5.4 BASICS OF DEVOLATILIZATION 175
5.4.1 DEVOLATILIZATION OF PARTICULATE POLYMER 180
5.4.2 DEVOLATILIZATION OF POLYMER MELTS 181
APPENDIX 5.1 185
EXAMPLE: PIPE FLOW OF NEWTONIAN FLUID 185
6 IMPORTANT POLYMER PROPERTIES
191
6.1 PROPERTIES OF BULK MATERIALS 191
6.1.1 BULK DENSITY 191
6.1.2 COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION 194
6.1.3 PARTICLE SIZE AND SHAPE 200
6.1.4 OTHER PROPERTIES 201
6.2 MELT FLOW PROPERTIES 202
6.2.1 BASIC DEFINITIONS 202
6.2.2 POWER LAW FLUID 208
6.2.3 OTHER FLUID MODELS 213
6.2.4 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE 214
6.2.5 VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR 218
6.2.6 MEASUREMENT OF FLOW PROPERTIES 220
6.2.6.1 CAPILLARY RHEOMETER 220
6.2.6.2 MELT INDEX TESTER 223
6.2.6.3 CONE AND PLATE RHEOMETER 227
6.2.6.4 SLIT DIE RHEOMETER 228
6.2.6.5 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS 230
6.3 THERMAL PROPERTIES 233
6.3.1 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 234
6.3.2 SPECIFIC VOLUME AND MORPHOLOGY 236
6.3.3 SPECIFIC HEAT AND HEAT OF FUSION 239
6.3.4 SPECIFIC ENTHALPY 241
6.3.5 THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY 242
6.3.6 MELTING POINT 245
6.3.7 INDUCTION TIME 245
6.3.8 THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION 247
6.3.8.1 DTA AND DSC 247
6.3.8.2 TGA 247
6.3.8.3 TMA 248
6.3.8.4 OTHER THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES 248
6.4 POLYMER PROPERTY SUMMARY 248
7 FUNCTIONAL PROCESS ANALYSIS
255
7.1 BASIC SCREW GEOMETRY 255
7.2 SOLIDS CONVEYING 258
7.2.1 GRAVITY INDUCED SOLIDS CONVEYING 259
7.2.1.1 PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION 262
7.2.1.2 FLOW RATE 265
7.2.1.3 DESIGN CRITERIA 266
268
282
284
296
302
305
306
316
326
330
332
333
340
343
348
350
353
356
356
361
367
367
374
387
404
411
419
420
429
431
431
432
434
435
441
442
447
457
460
464
468
469
469
471
483
483
7.2.2 DRAG INDUCED SOLIDS CONVEYING
7.2.2.1 FRICTIONAL HEAT GENERATION
7.2.2.2 GROOVED BARREL SECTIONS
7.2.2.3 ADJUSTABLE GROOVED BARREL EXTRUDERS
7.2.2.4 STARVE FEEDING VERSUS FLOOD FEEDING
PLASTICATING
7.3.1 THEORETICAL MODEL OF CONTIGUOUS SOLIDS MELTING
7.3.1.1 NON-NEWTONIAN, NON-ISOTHERMAL CASE
7.3.2 OTHER MELTING MODELS
7.3.3 POWER CONSUMPTION IN THE MELTING ZONE
7.3.4 COMPUTER SIMULATION
7.3.5 DISPERSED SOLIDS MELTING
MELT CONVEYING
7.4.1 NEWTONIAN FLUIDS
7.4.1.1 EFFECT OF FLIGHT FLANKS
7.4.1.2 EFFECT OF CLEARANCE
7.4.1.3 POWER CONSUMPTION IN MELT CONVEYING
7.4.2 POWER LAW FLUIDS
7.4.2.1 ONE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW
7.4.2.2 TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOW
7.4.3 NON-ISOTHERMAL ANALYSIS
7.4.3.1 NEWTONIAN FLUIDS WITH NEGLIGIBLE VISCOUS DISSIPATION
7.4.3.2 NON-ISOTHERMAL ANALYSIS OF POWER LAW FLUIDS
7.4.3.3 DEVELOPING TEMPERATURES
7.4.3.4 ESTIMATING FULLY DEVELOPED MELT TEMPERATURES
7.4.3.5 ASSUMPTION OF STATIONARY SCREW AND ROTATING BARREL.
DIEFORMING
7.5.1 VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE PROFILES
7.5.2 EXTRUDATE SWELL
7.5.3 DIE FLOW INSTABILITIES
7.5.3.1 SHARK SKIN
7.5.3.2 MELT FRACTURE
7.5.3.3 DRAW RESONANCE
DEVOLATILIZATION
MIXING
7.7.1 MIXING IN SCREW EXTRUDERS ..
7.7.1.1 DISTRIBUTIVE MIXING IN SCREW EXTRUDERS
7.7.2 STATIC MIXING DEVICES
7.7.2.1 GEOMETRY OF STATIC MIXERS
7.7.2.2 FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
7.7.2.3 MISCELLANEOUS CONSIDERATIONS
7.7.3 DISPERSIVE MIXING
7.7.3.1 SOLID-LIQUID SYSTEMS
7.7.3.2 LIQUID-LIQUID SYSTEM
7.7.4 BACKMIXING
7.7.4.1 CROSS-SECTIONAL MIXING AND AXIAL MIXING
7.7.4.2 RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION 485
7.7.4.3 RTD IN SCREW EXTRUDERS 487
7.7.4.4 METHODS TO IMPROVE BACKMIXING 488
7.7.4.5 CONCLUSIONS FOR BACKMIXING 490
APPENDIX 7.1 491
APPENDIX 7.2 492
APPENDIX 7.3 493
8 EXTRUDER SCREW DESIGN
509
8.1 MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS 510
8.1.1 TORSIONAL STRENGTH OF THE SCREW ROOT 510
8.1.2 STRENGTH OF THE SCREW FLIGHT 512
8.1.3 LATERAL DEFLECTION OF THE SCREW 514
8.2 OPTIMIZING FOR OUTPUT 519
8.2.1 OPTIMIZING FOR MELT CONVEYING 519
8.2.2 OPTIMIZING FOR PIASTICATING 530
8.2.2.1 EFFECT OF HELIX ANGLE 532
8.2.2.2 EFFECT OF MULTIPLE FLIGHTS 532
8.2.2.3 EFFECT OF FLIGHT CLEARANCE 534
8.2.2.4 EFFECT OF COMPRESSION RATIO 536
8.2.3 OPTIMIZING FOR SOLIDS CONVEYING 537
8.2.3.1 EFFECT OF CHANNEL DEPTH 537
8.2.3.2 EFFECT OF HELIX ANGLE 538
8.2.3.3 EFFECT OF NUMBER OF FLIGHTS 539
8.2.3.4 EFFECT OF FLIGHT CLEARANCE 539
8.2.3.5 EFFECT OF FLIGHT GEOMETRY 539
8.3 OPTIMIZING FOR POWER CONSUMPTION 540
8.3.1 OPTIMUM HELIX ANGLE 541
8.3.2 EFFECT OF FLIGHT CLEARANCE 543
8.3.3 EFFECT OF FLIGHT WIDTH 544
8.4 SINGLE-FLIGHTED EXTRUDER SCREWS 548
8.4.1 THE STANDARD EXTRUDER SCREW 549
8.4.2 MODIFICATIONS OF THE STANDARD EXTRUDER SCREW 550
8.5 DEVOLATILIZING EXTRUDER SCREWS 553
8.5.1 FUNCTIONAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 554
8.5.2 VARIOUS VENTED EXTRUDER SCREW DESIGNS 558
8.5.2.1 CONVENTIONAL VENTED EXTRUDER SCREW 558
8.5.2.2 BYPASS VENTED EXTRUDER SCREW 559
8.5.2.3 REARWARD DEVOLATILIZATION 560
8.5.2.4 MULTI-VENT DEVOLATILIZATION 561
8.5.2.5 CASCADE DEVOLATILIZATION 562
8.5.2.6 VENTING THROUGH THE SCREW 563
8.5.2.7 VENTING THROUGH A FLIGHTED BARREL 564
8.5.3 VENT PORT CONFIGURATION 565
8.6 MULTI-FLIGHTED EXTRUDER SCREWS 568
8.6.1 THE CONVENTIONAL MULTI-FLIGHTED EXTRUDER SCREW 568
8.6.2 BARRIER FLIGHT EXTRUDER SCREWS 569
8.6.2.1 THE MAILLEFER SCREW 572
8.6.2.2 THE BARR SCREW 575
8.6.2.3 THE DRAY AND LAWRENCE SCREW 578
8.6.2.4 THE KIM SCREW 579
8.6.2.5 THE INGEN HOUSZ SCREW 580
8.6.2.6 THE CRD BARRIER SCREW 581
8.6.2.7 SUMMARY OF BARRIER SCREWS 582
8.7 MIXING SCREWS 584
8.7.1 DISPERSIVE MIXING ELEMENTS 584
8.7.1.1 THE CRD MIXER 602
8.7.1.2 MIXERS TO BREAK UP THE SOLID BED 616
8.7.1.3 SUMMARY OF DISPERSIVE MIXERS 618
8.7.2 DISTRIBUTIVE MIXING ELEMENTS 619
8.7.2.1 RING OR SLEEVE MIXERS 621
8.7.2.2 VARIABLE DEPTH MIXERS 622
8.7.2.3 SUMMARY OF DISTRIBUTIVE MIXERS 623
8.8 EFFICIENT EXTRUSION OF MEDICAL DEVICES 624
8.8.1 INTRODUCTION 624
8.8.2 GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES IN MEDICAL EXTRUSION 625
8.8.3 AUTOMATION OF THE MEDICAL EXTRUSION PROCESS 625
8.8.4 MINIMIZING POLYMER DEGRADATION 626
8.8.5 MELT TEMPERATURES INSIDE THE EXTRUDER 626
8.8.6 MELT TEMPERATURES AND SCREW DESIGN 627
8.8.7 MOLECULAR DEGRADATION AND SCREW DESIGN 630
8.8.8 CONCLUSIONS 634
8.9 SCALE-UP 635
8.9.1 COMMON SCALE-UP FACTORS 635
8.9.2 SCALE-UP FOR HEAT TRANSFER 638
8.9.3 SCALE-UP FOR MIXING 639
8.9.4 COMPARISON OF VARIOUS SCALE-UP METHODS 640
8.10 REBUILDING WORN SCREWS AND BARRELS 642
8.10.1 APPLICATION OF HARDFACING MATERIALS 644
8.10.1.1 OXYACETYLENE WELDING 644
8.10.1.2 TUNGSTEN INERT GAS WELDING 645
8.10.1.3 PLASMA TRANSFER ARE WELDING 645
8.10.1.4 METAL INERT GAS WELDING 646
8.10.1.5 LASER HARDFACING 646
8.10.2 REBUILDING OF EXTRUDER BARRELS 646
9 DIE DESIGN
653
9.1 BASIC CONSIDERATIONS 654
9.1.1 BALANCING THE DIE BY ADJUSTING THE LAND LENGTH 655
9.1.2 BALANCING BY CHANNEL HEIGHT 659
9.1.3 OTHER METHODS OF DIE BALANCING 662
9.2 FILM AND SHEET DIES 663
9.2.1 FLOW ADJUSTMENT IN SHEET AND FILM DIES 664
9.2.2 THE HORSESHOE DIE 667
9.3 PIPE AND TUBING DIES 668
9.3.1 TOOLING DESIGN FOR TUBING 671
9.3.1.1 DEFINITIONS OF VARIOUS DRAW RATIOS 672
9.3.1.2 LAND LENGTH 673
9.3.1.3 TAPERANGLES 674
9.3.1.4 SPECIAL FEATURES 676
9.4 BLOWN FILM DIES 676
9.4.1 THE SPIRAL MANDREL GEOMETRY 679
9.4.2 EFFECT OF DIE GEOMETRY ON FLOW DISTRIBUTION 680
9.4.3 SUMMARY OF SPIRAL MANDREL DIE DESIGN VARIABLES 684
9.5 PROFILE EXTRUSION DIES 684
9.6 COEXTRUSION 686
9.6.1 INTERFACE DISTORTION 690
9.7 CALIBRATORS 692
10 TWIN SCREW EXTRUDERS
697
10.1 INTRODUCTION 697
10.2 TWIN VERSUS SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDER 699
10.3 INTERMESHING CO-ROTATING EXTRUDERS 701
10.3.1 CLOSELY INTERMESHING EXTRUDERS 701
10.3.2 SELF-WIPING EXTRUDERS 704
10.3.2.1 GEOMETRY OF SELF-WIPING EXTRUDERS 705
10.3.2.2 CONVEYING IN SELF-WIPING EXTRUDERS 713
10.4 INTERMESHING COUNTER-ROTATING EXTRUDERS 720
10.5 NON-INTERMESHING TWIN SCREW EXTRUDERS 730
10.6 COAXIAL TWIN SCREW EXTRUDERS 743
10.7 DEVOLATILIZATION IN TWIN SCREW EXTRUDERS 745
10.8 COMMERCIAL TWIN SCREW EXTRUDERS 749
10.8.1 SCREW DESIGN ISSUES FOR CO-ROTATING TWIN SCREW EXTRUDERS 753
10.8.2 SCALE-UP IN CO-ROTATING TWIN SCREW EXTRUDERS 756
10.9 OVERVIEW OF TWIN SCREW EXTRUDERS 758
11 TROUBLESHOOTING EXTRUDERS
763
11.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR EFFICIENT TROUBLESHOOTING 763
11.1.1 INSTRUMENTATION 764
11.1.2 UNDERSTANDING OF THE EXTRUSION PROCESS 764
11.1.3 COLLECT AND ANALYZE HISTORICAL DATA (TIMELINE) 765
11.1.4 TEAM BUILDING 766
11.1.5 CONDITION OF THE EQUIPMENT 766
11.1.6 INFORMATION ON THE FEEDSTOCK 767
11.2 TOOLS FOR TROUBLESHOOTING 768
11.2.1 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT DEVICES 768
11.2.2 DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS (DAS) 769
11.2.2.1 PORTABLE DATA COLLECTORS/MACHINE ANALYZERS 769
11.2.2.2 FIXED STATION DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS 770
11.2.3 LIGHT MICROSCOPY 772
11.2.4 THERMOCHROMIC MATERIALS 773
11.2.5 THERMAL ANALYSIS 775
11.2.6 MISCELLANEOUS TOOLS 775
11.3 SYSTEMATIC TROUBLESHOOTING 776
11.3.1 UPSETS VERSUS DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS 776
11.3.2 MACHINE-RELATED PROBLEMS 776
11.3.2.1 DRIVE SYSTEM 776
11.3.2.2 THE FEED SYSTEM 778
11.3.2.3 DIFFERENT FEEDING SYSTEMS 778
11.3.2.4 HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM 778
11.3.2.5 WEAR PROBLEMS 780
11.3.2.6 SCREWBINDING 797
11.3.3 POLYMER DEGRADATION 803
11.3.3.1 TYPES OF DEGRADATION 803
11.3.3.2 DEGRADATION IN EXTRUSION 807
11.3.4 EXTRUSION INSTABILITIES 820
11.3.4.1 FREQUENCY OF INSTABILITY 821
11.3.4.2 FUNCTIONAL INSTABILITIES 828
11.3.4.3 SOLVING EXTRUSION INSTABILITIES 833
11.3.5 AIR ENTRAPMENT 834
11.3.6 GELS, GEL CONTENT, AND GELATION 836
11.3.6.1 MEASURING GELS 839
11.3.6.2 GELS CREATED IN THE EXTRUSION PROCESS 840
11.3.6.3 REMOVING GELS PRODUCED IN POLYMERIZATION 841
11.3.7 DIE FLOW PROBLEMS 843
11.3.7.1 MELTFRACTURE 843
11.3.7.2 DIE LIP BUILD-UP (DIE DROOL) 845
11.3.7.3 V- OR W-PATTERNS 846
11.3.7.4 SPECKS AND DISCOLORATION 846
11.3.7.5 LINES IN EXTRUDED PRODUCT 851
11.3.7.6 OPTICAL PROPERTIES 853
12 MODELING AND SIMULATION OF THE EXTRUSION PROCESS
861
12.1 INTRODUCTION 861
12.2 BACKGROUND 862
12.2.1 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES 862
12.2.2 NUMERICAL METHODS 864
12.2.2.1 FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD 865
12.2.2.2 FINITE ELEMENT METHOD 866
12.2.2.3 BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD 867
12.2.3 REMESHING TECHNIQUES IN MOVING BOUNDARY PROBLEMS 868
12.2.4 RHEOLOGY 870
12.3 SIMULATING 3-D FLOWS WITH 2-D MODELS 871
12.3.1 SIMULATING FLOWS IN INTERNAL BATCH MIXERS WITH 2-D MODELS 871
12.3.2 SIMULATING FLOWS IN EXTRUSION WITH 2-D MODELS 877
12.3.3 SIMULATING FLOWS IN EXTRUSION DIES WITH 2-D MODELS 881
12.4 THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION 885
12.4.1 SIMULATING FLOWS IN THE BANBURY MIXER WITH THREE-DIMENSIONAL
MODELS 885
12.4.2 SIMULATING FLOWS IN EXTRUSION DIES WITH 3-DIMENSIONAL MODELS 887
12.4.3 SIMULATING FLOWS IN EXTRUSION WITH 3-DIMENSIONAL MODELS 892
12.4.3.1 REGULAER CONVEYING SCREW 892
12.4.3.2 ENERGY TRANSFER MIXER 893
12.4.3.3 TWIN SCREW EXTRUDER 895
12.4.3.4 RHOMBOIDAL MIXERS AND FLUTED MIXERS (LEROY/MADDOCK) 901
12.4.3.5 TURBO-SCREW 906
12.4.3.6 CRD MIXER 908
12.4.4 STATIC MIXERS 910
12.5 CONCLUSIONS 912
CONVERSION CONSTANTS
919
LENGTH 919
VOLUME 919
MASS 920
DENSITY 920
FORCE 920
STRESS 921
VISCOSITY 921
ENERGY/WORK 922
POWER 922
SPECIFIC ENERGY 922
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 923
TEMPERATURE 923
INDEX
925
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Rauwendaal, Chris |
| author_facet | Rauwendaal, Chris |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Rauwendaal, Chris |
| author_variant | c r cr |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041592512 |
| classification_rvk | VN 5940 ZM 5250 ZM 8165 |
| classification_tum | CIT 740f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)869889533 (DE-599)BVBBV041592512 |
| dewey-full | 668.413 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 668 - Technology of other organic products |
| dewey-raw | 668.413 |
| dewey-search | 668.413 |
| dewey-sort | 3668.413 |
| dewey-tens | 660 - Chemical engineering |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Werkstoffwissenschaften Chemie-Ingenieurwesen Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
| edition | 5. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV041592512 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:00:21Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781569905166 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027037550 |
| oclc_num | 869889533 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-210 DE-12 DE-29T DE-83 DE-703 DE-1050 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-861 DE-91S DE-BY-TUM |
| owner_facet | DE-210 DE-12 DE-29T DE-83 DE-703 DE-1050 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-861 DE-91S DE-BY-TUM |
| physical | XVI, 934 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Hanser [u.a.] |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Rauwendaal, Chris Verfasser aut Polymer extrusion Chris Rauwendaal 5. ed. München Hanser [u.a.] 2014 XVI, 934 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Extruder Extrudieren Extruder (DE-588)4016084-1 gnd rswk-swf Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd rswk-swf Extrudieren (DE-588)4071089-0 gnd rswk-swf Kunststoff (DE-588)4033676-1 gnd rswk-swf Extruder (DE-588)4016084-1 s DE-604 Extrudieren (DE-588)4071089-0 s Kunststoff (DE-588)4033676-1 s Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 s Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-56990-539-5 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027037550&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Rauwendaal, Chris Polymer extrusion Extruder Extrudieren Extruder (DE-588)4016084-1 gnd Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd Extrudieren (DE-588)4071089-0 gnd Kunststoff (DE-588)4033676-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4016084-1 (DE-588)4046699-1 (DE-588)4071089-0 (DE-588)4033676-1 |
| title | Polymer extrusion |
| title_auth | Polymer extrusion |
| title_exact_search | Polymer extrusion |
| title_full | Polymer extrusion Chris Rauwendaal |
| title_fullStr | Polymer extrusion Chris Rauwendaal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polymer extrusion Chris Rauwendaal |
| title_short | Polymer extrusion |
| title_sort | polymer extrusion |
| topic | Extruder Extrudieren Extruder (DE-588)4016084-1 gnd Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd Extrudieren (DE-588)4071089-0 gnd Kunststoff (DE-588)4033676-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Extruder Extrudieren Polymere Kunststoff |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027037550&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rauwendaalchris polymerextrusion |