Květen bez šeříků: konec 2. světové války na Sokolovsku a v jeho nejbližším okolí
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cheb
Svět Křídel
2013
|
| Ausgabe: | Vyd. 1. |
| Schriftenreihe: | zahlr. Ill., Kt.
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 191 S. |
| ISBN: | 9788087567272 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804151542272491521 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Květen bez šeříků Svět křídel
OBSAH
Úvod
5
1.
kapitola Německo před pádem
10
2.
kapitola Začátek roku
1945
na Sokolovsku
13
3.
kapitola
Big
Red One a
Phantom 55
4.
kapitola Obsazení Ašska a Chebu
63
5.
kapitola Směr Karlovy Vary (sobota
5.
května
1945) 70
6.
kapitola Poslední mrtví (neděle
6.
května
1945) 76
7.
kapitola Show je
u
konce! (pondělí
7.
května
1945) 100
8.
kapitola Den vítězství (úterý
8.
května
1945) 135
9.
kapitola Poslední úkoly (středa
9. -
sobota
12.
května
1945) 149
Epilog
166
Resume
173
Přílohy
176
Jednotky armády USA, které osvobodily Sokolovsko od nacismu
176
Prameny
180
190
Vladimír
BRUŽEŇÁK
________________________________________
Květen bez šeříků
Resume
From about the second third of
1944,
first noticeable signs of worsening war situation
of Nazi Germany began to emerge in
Sokolov.
It was mainly a gradual but growing influx
of people both from bombed German cities, and from the beginning of
1945,
lying east
German regions, especially in Lower Silesia and East Prussia, where the local German
population fled before the advancing Red Army. As in other similar regions, the massive
influx of refugees in
Sokolov
led to a number of problems, especially in the food supply,
accommodation, school attendance, or mutual relationships with the local population.
In late
1944
and early
1945
Sokolov
residents, including refugees, began to feel even
more telltale signs of an approaching front and the associated problems. Most men between
16
and
60
years who had yet not served in any part of the German Armed Forces were
called to the
Volkssturm
units, where they were trained in dealing with small arms and got
basic military training in case there was a combat deployment. Part of the youth, including
girls in the Hitler Youth, were organized and also prepared for any combat engagement
with allied units. There were sports exercises, discussions and lectures, and other events
serving to strengthen the fighting spirit and morale.
However in some members of the German army, signs of defeatism and general decay
began to appear already, as evidenced by the number of executions of deserters and soldiers
who had refused to fulfill the often unreasonable orders. Among the best known of such
cases ranks the execution of Lieutenant Adalbert Kapperer in
Přebuz,
who was denounced
by
„Fliegerstandgericht
martial court under Major
Erwin
Helm for not fulfilling the order.
Since the beginning of
1945,
allied aircrafts increasingly appeared over the
Sokolov
territory and attacked various strategic objects, particularly bridges, railways, roads, or
units of the German Armed Forces in the area. One attack was undertaken On 15th April
1945
on the station in
Kraslice.
Along with some German and Hungarian soldiers, several
male and female prisoners from concentration camp Meuselwitz were killed, as their train
was standing at the station at that time. Then, on 17th April, American bombers attacked
Sokolov,
destroying the train station and a number of residential buildings. Dozens of
civilians were killed during this air raid. To a lesser extent,
Kynšperk, Citice
or
Krásno
experienced allied air attacks a well. As a result of the increasing activities of American
aircraft in the region a gradual decline of production led to the interruption and stop of
education at most local schools.
During the war, a number of prison and labour camps had been established in
Sokolov.
They were intended for prisoners of war who were forced to work in industry and agriculture.
Several thousand of these people, mostly from the former Soviet Union, died there of
various diseases, malnutrition, hard labor and ill treatment.
In addition to these camps, there were two branches of the female concentration camp
Flossenbürg
established in
Sokolov
as well, namely in the camps
Kraslice
and
Svatava.
It
was in particular within the camp in
Svatava
where the end of the war became a place of
immense suffering and death of hundreds of women, mostly Jewish, who were passing this
place on several evacuation transports, the death marches from the cancelled camps in
today s Poland, for example, several branches of the Gross Rosen camp, but also other
camps in Germany.
173
Květen bez šeříků
________________________________________________
Svět křídel
Two such processes are best to be documented. One of them was known as the march
Helmbrechts-
Volary, which was several hundred Jewish women from Schlesiersee, a branch
camp at Gross Rosen. The March stopped in
Svatava
for two days,
17-19
April
1945,
and
then continued towards
Mariánské Lázně.
One of the women,
Marta
Löwidt,
died in
Svatava.
Her daughter, Eva
Erben,
who has experienced that death march and saw her mother die,
still lives, and has brought evidence about this event, inclusive of a personal testimony to
the author of this work. Other
12
women from this march, whose names are yet unknown,
died in the village
Čistá
(formerly
Lauterbach Stadt).
The route of the march and the events
associated with it can be fairly well documented on the basis of the judgment of the com¬
mander of the march, Alois
Dörr,
who was sentenced to life imprisonment in the Federative
Republic of Germany in
1969.
The second well documented evacuation march was that of the
Svatava camp
itself on
22nd April
1945, wich also
directed to the
Slavkovský
Les
area, but this was stopped by
German soldiers as a result of advancing front and turned back to
Svatava,
where the
women later enjoyed their liberation.
From
Flossenbürg
branch in
Kraslice
there were apparently two evacuation transports
dispatched in April. The first began on
1
5th April and ended after a few days in Nejdek and
Karlovy Vary, the second set off on the
1
7th of April, and after its route through the
Plzeňsko
area apparently turned around and went back to
Kraslice.
At this time the third unit of the U.S. Army led by General George S.
Patton
had entered
the area of the pre-war Czechoslovak Republic, namely that happened on the
1
8th April in
the
Aš
salient. American troops were soon occupied by Borders and Ash,
26
April came
after the biggest fight of the U. S. troops on our territory, namely the Battle of the town of
Cheb.
After the capture of
Cheb,
American troops stopped their rapid advancement as a re¬
sult of military and political negotiations between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union
On
4
May, however, they were given the order to proceed, namely to the agreed demarcation
line Karlovy
Vary-Plzeň-České Budějovice.
Thus on 5th May morning the unit
1
Infantry
Division and Combat Command „A section of the 9th Armoured Division headed towards
Sokolov
and Karlovy Vary. Soldiers of 26th Regiment of the
1st
Division advanced from
Aš
towards
Luby
and
Kraslice,
soldiers of
1
6th Regiment then went southwards to support
the attacking 9th armored Division in the vicinity of State Road Cheb-Karlovy Vary, and
1
8th Regiment was destined for Spa
Kynžvart
and further into the
Slavkov
Forest. They
had to face several thousand German soldiers of 413th Infantry Division and the so-called
Benicke Division, named after the commander of most German troops in the area, Lieutenant
General Fritz Benicke, or eventually men of the
Volkssturm. All
German troops in the area
of ??Cheb and
Sokolov
fell under
XII.
Corps of General Herbert Osterkamp, which was
part of the 7th Army of General Hans
von Obstfelder.
Increased fighting between the U.S. troops and members of the German Armed Forces
took place mainly on 6th May at
Kynžvart, Plesná, Těšov,
and in particular the main state
road from
Cheb
towards
Sokolov,
where several roadblocks had been set up against the
American troops, defended by soldiers with machine guns, bazookas, and the dreaded
88
mm guns. Several American tanks were destroyed and
16
U.S. soldiers killed in these
battles, probably dozens of others were wounded. Losses on the German side cannot be
identified, about a few dozen soldiers were killed.
174
Vladimír
BRUŽEŇAK
______________________________________
Květen bez šeříků
On the morning of 7th May the American troops occupied
Sokolov, Loket, Horní
Slavkov, Krásno,
in the afternoon even
Kraslice,
and advanced to the front sections to
Karlovy Vary, where they were forced to stop their progress. This day the German surrender
at Reims became known too, and therefore the German troops in the field gradually stopped
firing, and German soldiers surrendered to the Americans collectively. Last second shots
of World War II in the
Sokolov
district, and probably the last American shots of the war in
Europe fell in the morning of 8th May,
1945
near the village of
Katzengiebel,
not far from
Bukovany.
On
7
and
8
May the White Horse Hotel in
Loket
saw two important commanders of the
German armed forces surrender, namely Lieutenant General Osterkamp and General
Benicke. In the following days, U.S. forces carried out the so called „Operation Eclipse ,
or capturing and disarming of a large number of German soldiers and civilians coming
from the Red Army who were trying to reach American positions. Several large prison
camps were established, the largest at the airport in
Cheb.
Units of 9th armored divisions
were withdrawn from
Sokolov
on 12th May, the unit
1
Infantry Division in early June
1945.
Replaced the unit is 79th and then the
1
6th Division, which stayed there until the end
of November
1945,
when U.S. and Soviet troops were withdrawn from the territory of
Czechoslovakia as based on international agreements.
175
|
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| author | Bružeňák, Vladimír 1975- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1045976334 |
| author_facet | Bružeňák, Vladimír 1975- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Bružeňák, Vladimír 1975- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041423782 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)869853730 (DE-599)BVBBV041423782 |
| edition | Vyd. 1. |
| era | Geschichte 1945 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1945 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Sokolov Region (DE-588)4459578-5 gnd Eger Kraj Karlsbad Region (DE-588)7745441-8 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Sokolov Region Eger Kraj Karlsbad Region |
| id | DE-604.BV041423782 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:56:28Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788087567272 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026870795 |
| oclc_num | 869853730 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 191 S. |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Svět Křídel |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | zahlr. Ill., Kt. |
| spelling | Bružeňák, Vladimír 1975- Verfasser (DE-588)1045976334 aut Květen bez šeříků konec 2. světové války na Sokolovsku a v jeho nejbližším okolí Vladimír Bružeňák Vyd. 1. Cheb Svět Křídel 2013 191 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier zahlr. Ill., Kt. Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1945 gnd rswk-swf Kriegsende (DE-588)4114316-4 gnd rswk-swf Sokolov Region (DE-588)4459578-5 gnd rswk-swf Eger Kraj Karlsbad Region (DE-588)7745441-8 gnd rswk-swf Sokolov Region (DE-588)4459578-5 g Kriegsende (DE-588)4114316-4 s Geschichte 1945 z DE-604 Eger Kraj Karlsbad Region (DE-588)7745441-8 g Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026870795&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026870795&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Bružeňák, Vladimír 1975- Květen bez šeříků konec 2. světové války na Sokolovsku a v jeho nejbližším okolí Kriegsende (DE-588)4114316-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4114316-4 (DE-588)4459578-5 (DE-588)7745441-8 |
| title | Květen bez šeříků konec 2. světové války na Sokolovsku a v jeho nejbližším okolí |
| title_auth | Květen bez šeříků konec 2. světové války na Sokolovsku a v jeho nejbližším okolí |
| title_exact_search | Květen bez šeříků konec 2. světové války na Sokolovsku a v jeho nejbližším okolí |
| title_full | Květen bez šeříků konec 2. světové války na Sokolovsku a v jeho nejbližším okolí Vladimír Bružeňák |
| title_fullStr | Květen bez šeříků konec 2. světové války na Sokolovsku a v jeho nejbližším okolí Vladimír Bružeňák |
| title_full_unstemmed | Květen bez šeříků konec 2. světové války na Sokolovsku a v jeho nejbližším okolí Vladimír Bružeňák |
| title_short | Květen bez šeříků |
| title_sort | kveten bez seriku konec 2 svetove valky na sokolovsku a v jeho nejblizsim okoli |
| title_sub | konec 2. světové války na Sokolovsku a v jeho nejbližším okolí |
| topic | Kriegsende (DE-588)4114316-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kriegsende Sokolov Region Eger Kraj Karlsbad Region |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026870795&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026870795&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bruzenakvladimir kvetenbezserikukonec2svetovevalkynasokolovskuavjehonejblizsimokoli |