Redressing miscarriages of justice: practice and procedure in (international) criminal cases
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Leiden [u.a]
Nijhoff
2013
|
| Ausgabe: | 2., rev. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | International and comparative criminal law series
24 |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 229 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789004252837 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 010 | |a 2013018783 | ||
| 020 | |a 9789004252837 |c hbk. : alk. paper |9 978-90-04-25283-7 | ||
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Redressing miscarriages of justice |b practice and procedure in (international) criminal cases |c by Geert-Jan Alexander Knoops |
| 250 | |a 2., rev. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Leiden [u.a] |b Nijhoff |c 2013 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 229 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a International and comparative criminal law series |v 24 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Knoops, Geert-Jan G. J. |d 1960- |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)130322172 |4 oth | |
| 830 | 0 | |a International and comparative criminal law series |v 24 |w (DE-604)BV035021973 |9 24 | |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026867884 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804151537637785600 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE XI
ABOUT THE AUTHOR XIII
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XV
1. THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE RETRIAL PROCEDURES IN (INTERNATIONAL)
CRIMINAL CASES 1
A. WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP WITH
THE NATURE OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 1
B. EFFECTIVE RETRIAL OR REVIEW PROCEDURES: PROTECTION OF THE
INTEGRITY OF CRIMINAL TRIALS 2
2. PROTECTION AGAINST MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE WITHIN (INTERNATIONAL)
CRIMINAL LAW: AN ERGA OMNES OBLIGATION 5
A. INTRODUCTION: THE APPLICABILITY OF THE DOCTRINE OF STATE
RESPONSIBILITIES ERGA OMNES 5
B. THE GENESIS OF THE ERGA OMNES DOCTRINE: THE U.S. INNOCENCE
PROTECTION ACT 8
C. STATE RESPONSIBILITIES VIS-A-VIS THE PROTECTION AGAINST
MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE: THE ILC ARTICLES ON STATE
RESPONSIBILITY 11
3. CAUSES AND PREDISPOSING FACTORS OF MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE:
A LEGAL OVERVIEW 15
A. CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGERS 15
4. MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE ORIGINATING FROM DISCLOSURE DEFICIENCIES
IN CRIMINAL CASES 21
A. DISCLOSURE FAILURES AS GROUND FOR RETRIALS: COMMON LAW
STANDARDS AND EXAMPLES 21
1. DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS SET FORTH BY THE U.S. SUPREME
COURT 22
2. BASIC DISCLOSURE CONDITIONS UNDER U.K. LAW 23
3. THE LEGAL SCOPE OF DISCLOSURE OBLIGATIONS 25
B. LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS IN DISCLOSURE OBLIGATIONS
IN CRIMINAL CASES: R. V. WARD. 26
C. JUDICIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISCLOSURE OF EVIDENCE AND
MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE 29
VI CONTENTS
D. JUDICIAL AND LEGAL-ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF (NON-)DISCLOSURE
OF FORENSIC EVIDENCE FOR MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE 30
E. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS OF (NON-)DISCLOSURE OF FORENSIC
EVIDENCE FOR MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE: THE PRINCIPLE
OF EQUALITY OF ARMS 32
F. DISCLOSURE OBLIGATION STANDARDS 33
1. GENERAL GUIDELINES 33
2. ATTRIBUTION OF NON-DISCLOSURE BY POLICE AND SCIENTISTS TO
THE CROWN 33
3. REASONABLE PROBABILITY TEST AS GROUND FOR RETRIAL 34
G. DISCLOSURE OBLIGATIONS UNDER ECHR CASE LAW RELEVANT TO
PROTECTION AGAINST MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE 34
1. COMPETING INTERESTS: PROTECTION OF SOCIETY VERSUS
PROTECTION OF INDIVIDUALS 34
2. ECHR DISCLOSURE CRITERIA AND THEIR TRANSPOSITION ONTO
RETRIAL PROCEEDINGS IN CRIMINAL CASES 35
F. DISCLOSURE OBLIGATIONS UNDER CASE LAW OF INTERNATIONAL
CRIMINAL TRIBUNALS 37
5. MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE ORIGINATING FROM FALSE OR UNRELIABLE
CONFESSIONS AND PLEA AGREEMENTS 41
A. INTRODUCTION 41
B. THE ROLE OF FALSE CONFESSIONS IN (INTERNATIONAL)
CRIMINAL CASES 42
1. PROCEDURAL ISSUES PERTAINING TO FALSE CONFESSIONS 42
2. PREDISPOSING FACTORS PERTAINING TO FALSE CONFESSIONS 43
C. RETRIAL GROUNDS RELATIVE TO FALSE CONFESSIONS IN
CRIMINAL CASES 46
1. FALSE CONFESSIONS: BASIS FOR RETRIAL? 46
2. THE IMPORTANCE OF DISCLOSURE OF FORENSIC EVIDENCE FOR
THE DETERMINATION OF FALSE CONFESSIONS: R. V. WARD. 49
3. THE ADMISSIBILITY OF EVIDENCE OF PSYCHIATRISTS AND
PSYCHOLOGISTS AS TO AN ACCUSED S RELIABILITY 50
D. INVOLUNTARY STATEMENTS WITHIN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL
PROCEEDINGS: RETRIAL CONSEQUENCES 52
1. JUDICIAL SUPERVISION OF (IN)VOLUNTARINESS OF ACCUSED S
STATEMENTS 52
2. PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS TO PREVENT INVOLUNTARY STATEMENTS 55
E. UNSAFE GUILTY PLEAS IN CRIMINAL CASES: RETRIAL GROUND ON
THE BASIS OF INVESTIGATIVE MISCONDUCT 58
CONTENTS VII
F. ALFORD PLEAS INSTEAD OF RISKING A NEW TRIAL 58
G. CONCLUSION 59
6. MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE ORIGINATING FROM UNSAFE IDENTIFICATION
EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL CASES 61
A. THE FALLIBILITY OF HUMAN PERCEPTION AND RECOLLECTION :
IDENTIFICATION STANDARDS OF INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS 61
B. RETRIAL STANDARDS WITHIN COMMON LAW 63
C. RETRIAL STANDARDS BASED ON IDENTIFICATION EVIDENCE IN
(INTERNATIONAL) CRIMINAL CASES 64
D. PREVENTION OF UNSAFE CONVICTIONS DUE TO IDENTIFICATION
EVIDENCE IN (INTERNATIONAL) CRIMINAL CASES 66
E. PREVENTION OF UNSAFE CONVICTIONS DUE TO IDENTIFICATION
EVIDENCE IN THE U.S 70
F. CONCLUSIONS 76
7. RETRIAL STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES BEFORE NATIONAL FOR A AND
CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNALS 79
A. INTRODUCTION 79
B. JUDICIAL REVIEW BASED ON NEW
1
EVIDENCE 79
1. THE APPROACH OF THE U.S. SUPREME COURT 79
2. THE APPROACH OF U.K. COURTS AND THE BRITISH CRIMINAL
CASES REVIEW COMMISSION (CCRC) 80
3. THE APPROACH OF THE DUTCH SUPREME COURT 89
4. RETRIAL STANDARDS BEFORE THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL
TRIBUNALS 91
C. THE DETERMINATION AND STANDARD OF NEW EVIDENCE IN
CRIMINAL CASES: TOWARD A UNIFORM MODEL 96
D. JUDICIAL REVIEW BASED ON NEW* DEFENSES OR ARGUMENTS 97
8. FORENSIC SCIENCES: TRIAL AND RETRIAL STANDARDS TO PROTECT
AGAINST AND REMEDY MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE 103
A. INTRODUCTION: THE EVOLUTION OF FORENSIC GENETICS IN
CRIMINAL CASES 103
B. THE ADVENT OF FORENSIC GENETICS IN THE CONTEXT
OF REOPENING (INTERNATIONAL) CRIMINAL CASES 104
1. INCREASING DNA EXONERATIONS 104
2. TECHNICAL EVOLUTION OF FORENSIC GENETICS 105
3. PRACTICAL PROBLEMS AND COMPLICATIONS OF ASSESSING
THE EVIDENTIARY WEIGHT OF DNA EVIDENCE 111
VIII CONTENTS
C. FORENSIC EVIDENCE STANDARDS TO PREVENT MISCARRIAGES
OF JUSTICE IN CRIMINAL TRIALS 114
1. INTRODUCTION 114
2. FORENSIC SCIENCE ERRORS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF GUILT OR
INNOCENCE IN CRIMINAL CASES 114
D. SCIENTIFIC ERROR: A POTENTIAL RETRIAL ARGUMENT 119
E. FORENSIC STANDARDS AND PRINCIPLES TO BE APPLIED BY
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURTS: THE APPROACH
OF THE U.S. SUPREME COURT 124
F. NEW AND CHANGING EXPERT EVIDENCE: BASIS FOR RETRIALS IN
(INTERNATIONAL) CRIMINAL CASES? 129
G. THE RIGHT TO HEAR AND CHALLENGE DEFENSE EXPERT
WITNESSES UNDER THE ECHR 130
H. TOWARD A LEGAL STANDARD TO REVIEW FORENSIC OR
EXPERT WITNESS EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL CASES 132
9. EXPERT EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARDS WITHIN
(INTERNATIONAL) CRIMINAL CASES 135
A. INTRODUCTION 135
B. GENERAL PRINCIPLES PERTAINING TO ADDUCING EXPERT WITNESS
EVIDENCE 136
1. PURPOSE OF AND REQUIREMENTS AS TO EXPERT WITNESS
QUALIFICATIONS 136
2. THE ULTIMATE ISSUE RULE WITHIN THE PRACTICE OF
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNALS 139
3. THE APPLICABILITY SCOPE OF THE ULTIMATE ISSUE RULE
UNDER INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW: INDIVIDUAL
CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY 145
C. CONCLUSION: THE ULTIMATE ISSUE AS AN INSTRUMENT IN
THE PROTECTION AGAINST MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE 148
10. PROCEDURAL MECHANISMS SUI GENERIS AGAINST MISCARRIAGES
OF JUSTICE 151
A. BALANCING THE PREVENTION OF WRONGFUL CONVICTION: JUDICIAL
ECONOMY AND EQUALITY OF ARMS WITHIN INTERNATIONAL AND
INTERNATIONALIZED CRIMINAL TRIALS 151
1. INTRODUCTION: CONVERGING OBJECTIVES BEFORE INTERNATIONAL
CRIMINAL TRIBUNALS 151
2. ENSURING EQUALITY OF ARMS ON THE INTERNATIONAL PLANE:
DEFENSE SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS 152
CONTENTS IX
3. CONCURRENCE OF EQUALITY OF ARMS AND JUDICIAL ECONOMY
IN THE LAW PRACTICE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL
TRIBUNALS 154
4. EQUALITY OF ARMS VIS-A-VIS INVESTIGATION AND
DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE 164
5. PITFALLS AND DANGERS OF JUDICIAL ECONOMY WITHIN
INTERNATIONAL TRIALS 170
6. EQUALITY OF ARMS BEFORE INTERNATIONAL AND
INTERNATIONALIZED COURTS: A STRUCTURAL INEQUALITY? 171
7. CONCLUSIONS: SAFEGUARD AGAINST POLITICALLY MOTIVATED
APPLICATION OF JUDICIAL ECONOMY AND WRONGFUL
CONVICTIONS 172
B. THE ABUSE OF PROCESS DOCTRINE IN INTERNATIONAL LAW:
A PROSPECTIVE REMEDY TO PROTECT AGAINST MISCARRIAGES
OF JUSTICE 173
1. INTRODUCTION 173
2. THE ABUSE OF PROCESS IN THE PRACTICE OF INTERNATIONAL
CRIMINAL COURTS AND TRIBUNALS 174
3. THE ABUSE OF PROCESS DOCTRINE IN RELATION TO MISCARRIAGES
OF JUSTICE IN (INTERNATIONAL) CRIMINAL LAW PRACTICE 180
4. CONCLUSIONS 182
C. CROSS-EXAMINATION INSTEAD OF WRITTEN EVIDENCE IN
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL CASES AS PROTECTION AGAINST
MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE: THE ICTY EXAMPLE 183
D. THE ADMISSIBILITY OF HEARSAY EVIDENCE 185
E. CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL LAW DEVELOPMENTS ON
REDRESSING MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE 186
11. DEFENCE STRATEGIES TO PREVENT AND REMEDY MISCARRIAGES
OF JUSTICE 191
A. INTRODUCTION 191
B. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN SCIENCE AND DEFENSE
STRATEGIES 193
1. INTRODUCTION 193
2. EXAMINING THE TOTALITY OF EVIDENCE 193
3. CONCLUSIONS 202
C. RETRIAL: CHALLENGING FORENSIC REPORTS IN THE
DEVENTER MURDER CASE 203
D. CONCLUSION 204
X CONTENTS
12. RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE GUIDELINES AS TO
THE PROTECTION AGAINST MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE 205
A. TOWARD A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF JUDICIAL SUPERVISION OF
MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE 205
1. DISCLOSURE AS PRINCIPAL PROCEDURAL REMEDY 205
2. FUTURE PROTECTION AGAINST MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE:
ENHANCING JUDICIAL SUPERVISION ON PROSECUTORIAL
CONDUCT 206
3. PROPER AND TIMELY ENGAGEMENT OF EXPERT WITNESSES 209
4. MINIMIZING THE INHERENT RISKS IN FORENSIC EVIDENCE:
PROACTIVE TASKS FOR DEFENSE LAWYERS 211
5. STATUTORY OBLIGATION TO PRESERVE FORENSIC DATA 211
6. STATUTORY OBLIGATION AS TO RECORDING POLICE INTERVIEWS 212
7. IMPROVEMENT IN POLICE TRAINING AND AWARENESS 213
8. REFINING THE LAWS ON REVIEW OF (INTERNATIONAL)
CRIMINAL CASES: A UNIFORM PROVISION 214
B. CONCLUDING RECOMMENDATION: THE PROTECTION AGAINST
MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE AS AN ERGA OMNES OBLIGATION 215
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES 217
TABLE OF CASES 223
INDEX 227
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| spelling | Redressing miscarriages of justice practice and procedure in (international) criminal cases by Geert-Jan Alexander Knoops 2., rev. ed. Leiden [u.a] Nijhoff 2013 XVI, 229 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier International and comparative criminal law series 24 Knoops, Geert-Jan G. J. 1960- Sonstige (DE-588)130322172 oth International and comparative criminal law series 24 (DE-604)BV035021973 24 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026867884&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Redressing miscarriages of justice practice and procedure in (international) criminal cases International and comparative criminal law series |
| title | Redressing miscarriages of justice practice and procedure in (international) criminal cases |
| title_auth | Redressing miscarriages of justice practice and procedure in (international) criminal cases |
| title_exact_search | Redressing miscarriages of justice practice and procedure in (international) criminal cases |
| title_full | Redressing miscarriages of justice practice and procedure in (international) criminal cases by Geert-Jan Alexander Knoops |
| title_fullStr | Redressing miscarriages of justice practice and procedure in (international) criminal cases by Geert-Jan Alexander Knoops |
| title_full_unstemmed | Redressing miscarriages of justice practice and procedure in (international) criminal cases by Geert-Jan Alexander Knoops |
| title_short | Redressing miscarriages of justice |
| title_sort | redressing miscarriages of justice practice and procedure in international criminal cases |
| title_sub | practice and procedure in (international) criminal cases |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026867884&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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