Red gas: Russia and the origins of European energy dependence
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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New York
Palgrave Macmillan
2013
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| Ausgabe: | 1. edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | Palgrave Macmillan transnational history series
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index Introduction -- Before Siberia: the rise of the Soviet natural gas industry -- Toward an export strategy -- Austria: the pioneer -- Bavaria's quest for energy independence -- From contract to flow: the Soviet-Austrian experience -- Willy Brandt: natural gas as Ostpolitik -- Constructing the export infrastructure -- Trusting the enemy: importing Soviet gas in practice -- Scale up or phase out? -- From Soviet to Russian natural gas -- Conclusion |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 279 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781137293718 9781137286147 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
Titel: Red gas
Autor: Högselius, Per
Jahr: 2013
Contents
List of Illustrations xi
Foreword xiii
1 Introduction 1
Russia's Contested "Energy Weapon" 1
Soviet Natural Gas and the Hidden Integration of Europe 2
Dependence in the Making: A Systems Perspective 5
The Political Nature of the East-West Gas Trade 7
Outline of the Book 8
2 Before Siberia: The Rise of the Soviet Natural Gas Industry 13
Soviet Power and Natural Gas for the Whole Country 13
The Cold War Duel 15
Soviet System-Building: Interconnecting the Republics 20
The Rise and Stagnation of the Pipe and Equipment Industry 23
"A Big Surplus for Export"? 26
3 Toward an Export Strategy 31
From Central Asia to Siberia 31
Glavgaz and the West European Natural Gas Scene 34
Considering Exports: Opportunities and Risks 36
Seeking Cooperation with Italy and Austria 38
The Export Strategy Takes Shape 40
4 Austria: The Pioneer 45
The Austrian Fuel Complex: Nazi and Soviet Legacies 45
From SMV to ÖMV 46
Toward Imports: ÖMV versus Austria Ferngas 48
Rudolf Lukesch's Vision 50
The Six-Days War as a Disturbing Event 55
Negotiating the Gas Price 58
The Contract 63
5 Bavaria's Quest for Energy Independence 67
Natural Gas and the Politics of Isolation 67
Otto Schedl's Struggle against North German Coal 69
Toward Gas Imports: Negotiating Algeria 70
Soviet Gas for Bavaria? The Austrian Connection 73
Manipulated Conditions 75
Egon Bahr and the Steel Companies as Supporters 79
vii
viii Contents
Alexei Sorokin's Charm Offensive 81
The Soviet Option Fades Away 86
6 From Contract to Flow: The Soviet-Austrian Experience 89
Interconnecting Austria, Czechoslovakia, and the Soviet Union 89
Importing Soviet Gas in Practice 91
The Galician Challenge 95
Ukraine as a Victim 97
Scaling Up Exports 101
The Unseen Crisis 102
7 Willy Brandt: Natural Gas as Ostpolitik 105
Toward a New Eastern Policy 106
What Role for Soviet Natural Gas? 109
From Politics to Business: Negotiating Price and Volumes 112
Finalizing the Contract 118
Shell and Esso: Lobbying against Unwelcome Competition 122
Seeking Coordination with Italy and France 125
The Significance of the Soviet-German Natural Gas Deal 129
From European to American Imports of Soviet Natural Gas? 131
8 Constructing the Export Infrastructure 135
Siberian Megalomania 135
Arctic System-Building 138
The Ukrainian Crisis and Kortunov's Death 143
Desperation and Chaos 147
9 Trusting the Enemy: Importing Soviet Gas in Practice 151
Enabling Transit through Czechoslovakia and Austria 151
Doubts in Bavaria 154
In Case of Emergency 156
On the Verge of Breakdown 159
Perceived Success 162
10 Scale Up or Phase Out? 167
A Turbulent Energy Era 167
Involving Iran 172
Doubts in the Kremlin 177
Envisaging the "Yamal" Pipeline 179
Opposition from the United States 184
The Compressor Embargo 188
Europe's Contested Vulnerability 190
11 From Soviet to Russian Natural Gas 197
Surging Dependence 197
The Biggest Geopolitical Disaster of the Twentieth Century? 202
Intentional Disruptions 204
Managing Dependence 210
The "Molotov-Ribbentrop" Pipeline 212
Contents ix
12 Conclusion 217
Dependence in Retrospect: Four Phases 218
Energy Weapons: Real and Imagined 220
Understanding Europe's Enthusiasm 224
A Gradual Learning Process 226
The Evolution of a Transnational System 229
The Soviet Union as a Victim 232
A Long Duration 233
Acknowledgments 237
Notes 239
Bibliography 263
Index 269
Bibliography Archival Sources Russian State Archive of the Economy, Moscow (RGAE) Ministry of Gas Industry (f. 458, 1965-1975) Ministry of Oil Industry (f. 8627, 1939-1957) Permanent representation of the USSR at COMECON (f. 302, 1964-1987) Production Committee for Gas Industry (f. 279, 1956-1965) Central State Archive of the Highest Organs of Government and Administration of Ukraine, Kiev (TsDAVO Ukrainy) Ukrainian Council of Ministers (f. 2, 1945-1978) Ukrainian Gosplan (f. 337, 1961-1973) Austrian State Archives, Vienna (OeStA) Foreign Office (Il-Pol) Österreichische Mineralöl-Verwaltung (ÖMV) (ÖIAG-Archiv) Vereinigte Österreichische Eisen- und Stahlwerke (VÖEST) (ÖIAG-Archiv) Federal German Archives, Koblenz (BArch) Chancellor's Office (B 136, 1955-1979) Ministry of Economy (В 102, 1955-1979) Nachlass Karl Schiller (N 1229) Nachlass Ulf Lantzke (N 1360) Federal German Archives, Berlin (BArch) Ministry of Coal and Energy (DG 12) Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED) (DY 30) Political Archive of the German Foreign Office, Berlin (PA AA) File assembled during editing of Akten zur Auswärtigen Politik (B 150) Minister's office (В 1) Soviet Union (В 41) West-East Trade (B 63) 263
264 Bibliography Bavarian State Archives, Munich (BayHStA) Ministry of Economy and Transportation (MWi) Nachlass Otto Schedi (NL Schedi) State Chancellery (StK) Archives of the United Nations Office at Geneva (UNOG Archives) ЕСЕ Working Party for Gas (GX.11/13) Printed Primary Sources Edited Source Collections Akten zur auswärtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1967, ed. Hans-Peter Schwarz, 3 volumes, Munich: Oldenbourg, 1998. Akten zur auswärtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1969, ed. Hans-Peter Schwarz, 3 volumes, Munich: Oldenbourg, 2000. Newspapers and Magazines Dagens industri Economist Financial Times Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung Frankfurter Rundschau Handelsblatt Industriekurier Izvestiya Neue Zeitung Neue Zürcher Zeitung Neues Deutschland New York Times Pravda Die Presse Der Spiegel Stuttgarter Zeitung Süddeutsche Zeitung Wall Street Journal Die Welt Die Zeit Specialist Journals gwf(Gas- und Wasserfach) Gazovaya promyshlennost Oil and Gas Journal Secondary Literature Badenoch, A., and Fickers, A. 2010 (eds.), Materializing Europe: Transnational Infrastructures and the Project of Europe, Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bibliography 265 Birkenfeld, W. 1964, Der synthetische Treibstoff 1933-1945: Ein Beitrag zur nationalsozialistischen Wirtschafts- und Rüstungspolitik, Göttingen: Musterschmidt-Verlag. Bokserman,Yu.1.1958, RazvitiegazovoipromyshlennostiSSSR, Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe nauchno-tekhnicheskoe izdatelstvo neftyanoi i gorno-toplivnoi literatury. Brezhnev, L. 1966, "Report of the Central Committee of the Communist Party," in 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Moscow, from March 29 to April 8,1966, Moscow: Novosti Press Agency. -------- . 1971, "Report of the Central Committee of the Communist Party," in 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, March 30-April 9,1971, Moscow: Novosti Press Agency. Chadwick, Μ., Long, D., andNissanke, N. 1987, Soviet Oil Exports: Trade Adjustments, Refining Constraints and Market Behaviour, Oxford: Oxford Institute of Energy Studies. Dahl, K. 1997, Erdgas in Deutschland: Entwicklung und Bedeutung unter Berücksichtigung der Versorgungssicherheit und des energiepolitischen Ordnungsrahmens sowie des Umweltschutzes, PhD thesis, Clausthal: Technische Universität. Davis, J. 1984, Blue Gold: The Political Economy of Natural Gas, London: Allen Unwin. Derzhavnyi komitet naftovoi, gazovoi ta naftopererobnoi promyslovosti Ukrainy 1997, Nafta i gaz Ukrainy, Kiev: Náuková Dumka. EstradaJ., Bergesen, H. О., Мое, A., and Sydnes, А. К. 1988, Natural Gas in Europe: Markets, Organisation and Politics, London: Pinter. Fernandez, R. 2009, "Russian gas exports have potential to grow through 2020," Energy Policy, 37, 10. Fredholm, Μ.
2006, Gazprom in Crisis, Conflict Studies Research Center, Russian Series 06/48, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom. Gheorghe, A. V., Masera, Μ., Vries, L. de, Weijnen, Μ., and Kroger, W. 2007, "Critical infrastructures: The need for international risk governance," International journal of Critical Infrastructures, 3, 1/2, 3-19 Goldthau, A. 2008, "Rhetoric versus reality: Russian threats to European energy supply," Energy Policy, 36, 686-692. Gupta, E. 2008, "Oil vulnerability index of oil-importing countries," Energy Policy, 36, 3, 1195-1211. Gustafson, T. 1985, Soviet Negotiating Strategy: The East-West Gas Pipeline Deal, 1980-1984, Santa Monica, CA: Rand. -------- . 1989, Crisis amid Plenty. The Politics of Soviet Energy under Brezhnev and Gorbachev, Princeton: Princeton University Press. Högselius, P. 2005, Die deutsch-deutsche Geschichte des Kernkraftwerkes Greifswald: Atomenergie zwischen Ost und West, Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag. Holmberg, R. 2008, Survival of the Unfit: Path-Dependence and the Estonian Oil Shale Industry, Linköping: Department of Technology and Social Change. Hughes, T. P. 1983, Networks of Power: Electrification in the Western World 18801930, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. IEA 2004, Security of Gas Supply in Open Markets. LNG and Power at a Turning Point, Paris: International Energy Agency. ---------. 2011, World Energy Outlook 2011, Paris: International Energy Agency. Kaiser, K. 1968, German Foreign Policy in Transition: Bonn between East and West, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kosygin, A. 1966, "Report on the
directives for the five-year economic develop ment plan of the USSR for 1966-1970," in 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Moscow, from March 29 to April 8, 1966, Moscow: Novosti Press Agency.
266 Bibliography Laurien, H. 1974, Stand und Entwicklung des westeuropäischen Erdgas-Verbundnetzes, Vortrag gehalten am 24. Oktober 1974 in Saarbrücken, Köln: Deutsche Verkehrswissenschaftliche Gesellschaft. Luhmann, N. 1995, Social Systems, Stanford: Stanford University Press (German original published in 1984). Mawdsley, E., and White, S. 2000, The Soviet Elite from Lenin to Gorbachev: The Central Committee and its Members, 1917-1991, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Misa, T., and Schot, J. 2005, "Inventing Europe: Technology and the hidden inte gration of Europe," History and Technology, 21, 1, 1-19. OÖ Ferngas, 2007,0Ö Ferngas 1957-2007:50fahre Erdgasinfrastukturin Oberösterreich, Linz: OÖ Ferngas. Rambousek, H. 1977, Die ÖMV-Aktiengesellschaft· Entstehung und Entwicklung eines nationalen Unternehmens der Mineralölindustrie, Vienna: Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien (PhD thesis). Remington, R. A. 1971, The Warsaw Pact Case Studies in Communist Conflict Resolution, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Rudolph, C. 2004, Wirtschaftsdiplomatie im Kalten Krieg. Die Ostpolitik der west deutschen Großindustrie, 1945-1991, Frankfurt am Main and New York: Campus Verlag. Runov, V. A., and Sedykh, A. D. 1999, Aleksei Kortunov, Moscow: Izdatelstvo Moskovskoe voenno-istoricheskoe obshchestvo. Semjonow, J. 1973, Erdöl aus dem Osten: die Geschichte der Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie in der Sowjetunion, Düsseldorf: Econ. Slavkina, M. V. 2002, Triumf i tragediya: Razvitie neftegazovogo kompleksa SSSR v 1960-1980-е gody, Moscow: Nauka. -------- . 2005, "Istoriya prinyatiya resheniya о promyshlennom
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Index Abdessalam, Belaid, 73, 170 Adenauer, Konrad, 76, 85 Aderklaa, 45 Adriatic Sea, 48, 70, 72-3, 172 AEG-Kanis, 189-90 Aerohydrodynamics Research Institute (Russia), 16 Afghanistan, 40,184, 220 AGA, see American Gas Association Algeria, 28-9, 34-9, 48-50, 52, 55, 57-8, 62, 70-3, 77, 87, 90, 116, 125, 132, 158-9, 169-70, 177, 187-8, 190-2, 202, 207, 217-18, 225 Algerian LNG, 48, 71-2, 77, 169-70, 187 Algiers, 73, 87 Allardt, Helmut, 121 Alps, 39, 70, 154 Alsthom-Atlantique, 190 American Gas Association (AGA), 27 von Amerongen, Otto Wolff, 126, 129 Angola, 171 anticorrosion technology, 24, 39 Arab countries, 57-8, 168-70, 219, 228-9 Arab oil embargo (1973-1974), 10, 167-70, 219, 228-9 Arctic system-building, 138-43 Armenia, 21-2, 205, 207 Arndt, Klaus Dieter, 107-8, 110 Astara, 172, 174 Auersthal, 46, 50 Augsburg, 71, 157 Austria, 3, 9-10, 36-40, 45-66, 70-1, 73-9, 82, 86-92, 102, 106, 108, 114-15, 120-1, 128-9, 132-3, 148, 151-4, 158, 162-3, 169-72, 174-7, 188, 193-5, 203, 206-7, 209, 218-19, 222, 224-5, 227-8, 230-1 and border opening with Hungary, 203 and gas transit enablement, 151-4 and interest in Yamal gas, 188 and Iranian deal, 177 and Trans-Austria pipeline, 171, 193, 207, 209, 231 Austria Ferngas, 48-50, 55, 59, 62, 64-5, 72, 158, 230 Austrian Control Bank, 63 Austrian-Soviet negotiations, 38-40, 45, 58-66, 73-80, 86, 89-103, 106-9, 153, 203, 222 Austrian State Treaty, 46-7, 54 Azerbaijan, 21, 40, 147, 172, 174, 205-7 Azovstal metallurgical plant, 16 Baden-Württemberg, 69, 71֊2, 82-3, 87, 109-10, 119, 156-7, 163 Bahr, Egon, 74, 76, 79-88, 106-8, 110, 118-20, 130,
174, 218, 226 Baibakov, Nikolai, 13, 15-17, 33, 41-2, 178 Baltic Sea, 133, 190, 202, 205-6, 212, 214-15, 216, 220, 232 Baltic states, 21, 41, 96-102, 133, 136, 138-9, 144, 163, 180, 205-6, 208, 214-16, 223 Baranovsky, Yuri, 63 BASF, 212, 215 see also Wintershall Bashkiria, 17, 198 Bauer, Ludwig, 52, 56, 94, 132, 163, 177, 183 Baumgarten, 91-4, 154, 163, 206 Bavaria, 67֊88, 109-19, 126, 154-9, 162-3, 165-6, 182, 193, 224, 226-7, 230 and Yamal pipeline, 182 Bavarian Ministry of Economy, 73, 82, 110, 116, 155, 159, 166 269
270 Index Bavarian Radio, 155 Bayerische Ferngas AG, see Bayerngas Bayerngas (Bayerische Ferngas AG), 71-2, 77, 82, 110-12, 116, 119, 154-9, 162-5, 173, 182, 193, 230 Belarus, 9, 10, 21, 41, 95-102, 136, 138-9, 144, 146-7, 160, 208-9, 213-15, 220, 223, 228, 232 Belarusian-Polish link, 213-15 Belgium, 3, 34-5, 60, 72, 131-3, 158, 170-3, 175, 180, 182, 199, 218-19 Berlin Wall, 3, 5, 7, 10, 29, 33, 109, 203, 217, 220 van Beveren, Jos, 56, 81-2 Black Sea, 21, 209 Bock, Fritz, 55 Bogomyakov, G. P., 178 Bokserman, Yuli, 24-5, 100, 137 Bonn, 58, 74, 78, 86, 106, 108, 112, 115, 123, 126, 157 Bosnia-Hercegovina, 172 Brandt, Willy, 4, 10, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82-4, 86-8, 105-8, 118-21, 135, 174-5, 218, 226 Bratislava, 35, 50, 90, 210 Bratstvo (Brotherhood) pipeline, 35, 39, 50, 59, 66, 90, 127, 135, 144, 149, 151, 159-60, 162, 164, 171, 212 Braudel, Fernand, 234-5 Brezhnev, Leonid, 9, 34, 37, 40-1, 67-8, 87, 142, 161, 170, 174, 182-5 Britain, see United Kingdom Brown Root, 133 de Bruijne, Dirk, 123 Brunet, Jean-Claude, 126 Bryansk, 21 Budapest appeal, 105-6, 108 Cameroon, 185 Cape of Good Hope, 175 carbon dioxide, 2, 167, 201 Carinthia, 154 Carter, Jimmy, 185 Caspian Sea, 21, 31 Caucasus, 21, 145, 183 Central Asia, 22-4, 26, 28, 31-4, 40, 42, 95, 136, 139, 144-5, 209 Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party, 17, 139-40, 147,161, 164 Central European Pipeline (CEL), 70 Chapelle, Jean, 127 Chelyabinsk, 23-4 Chernobyl disaster, 201, 225 China, 2, 75, 190 Christian Democratic Union (Germany), 74-5, 84, 106, 120 Christian Social Union (Bavaria), 74 CIS (Commonwealth of Independent
States), 204, 206, 210, 224, 232 Clark, 91 CoCom, 24, 26 Cold War, 2-6, 26, 74, 184, 197, 203-4, 210, 212, 217-22, 224, 229, 232-4 Cologne, 80, 108, 112 COMECON, 35, 171 compressor embargo, 188-90 compressor technology, 4, 8, 23, 25-7, 42, 46, 91-3, 97, 99-100, 128, 142-50, 152, 154, 164-5, 171-2, 179, 188-90, 198-9, 231 conditioning facility, 157, 231 Congress of the Soviet Communist Party 1956,15, 21 1961, 19 1966, 9, 41 1971,142 1981, 185 Connoie, William R., 27-8, 35 de Corval, Gérard, 28 countertrade, 6, 24, 36, 42, 55, 61, 72, 78, 81-2, 90, 131, 139, 142, 150, 182, 184, 230, 231 Couture, Jean, 126 Creusot-Loire, 189 Cuban missile crisis, 29, 33, 217 Czechoslovakia, 9, 26, 35-6, 47-50, 55, 59, 61, 72, 89-94, 99, 105-6,108, 134, 148, 151-4, 159-61, 164, 184, 203, 207, 218-19, 227, 231-2 compressor technology, 26 Soviet invasion of, 9, 105-6,108, 134, 184, 218 transit pipeline construction, 152
Index d'Estaing, Valéry Giscard, 170 Danube River, 77, 90, 231 Dashava gas field (in western Ukraine), 13-14, 20-1, 24-5, 96, 98-102, 146 Davignon, Viscount Etienne, 193 détente, 8, 35-6, 52, 74, 83-4, 105-6, 109,120, 150, 168 Dikanka, 98,148 Dinkov, Vasily, 101 Distrigas (USA), 133 Distrigaz (Belgium), 158, 172, 175, 180, 188 DIW, see German Institute of Economic Research (Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung) Dnepropetrovsk, 20-1 von Dohnanyi, Klaus, 107, 109, 111-13, 115-16,118-20, 122-3, 126 Donets basin (Donbass), 20 Dresser, 189-90 Drogobych, 161 Druzhba (Friendship) oil pipeline, 35, 152 dumping of gas, 7, 221 Düsseldorf, 81-2 Dymshits, Venyamin, 147-9, 161-2 E.ON group, 215 East Germany, 9, 74, 85, 135, 161, 171, 205-6, 234 East Prussia, 21 East-West industrial exchange program, 27 Eastern bloc, 46, 67, 203 EC, see European Communities EC Commission, 117 EEC, see European Economic Community Efremovka-Kiev pipeline, 98-101 Ekofisk gas field, 192 El Paso Natural Gas, 133, 175 Emden, 192 Emmel, Egon, 109 Energy Charter, 211 energy weapon, 1-2, 7, 11, 37,191, 220-4 Engine of Revolution, 25 271 ENI, 36, 38-9, 42-3, 51-3, 55, 57-8, 60-2, 65, 70-2, 105, 126-32, 146, 153, 163, 171-3, 176, 180, 187-8, 209-10, 225, 227, 229-30 environmental characteristics of natural gas, 14, 47, 167, 178, 195, 198, 205, 219, 225 Erhard, Ludwig, 74, 76, 85 Essen, 69, 115, 129, 174 Esso, 28, 69, 71, 73, 76, 122-6, 131, 169, 225 Estonia, 21, 148, 205, 207-8, 216 EU-Russia Summit, 211 EURATOM, 67 Eurogasco, 45 European Coal and Steel Community, 67, 107 European Communities (EC), 3, 107,
117, 122, 127-8, 190-3, 211 European Economic Community (EEC), 9, 51-4, 67, 168, 191, 222, 225-6, 231-2 Europol, 213, 216 Exhibition of Achievements of the Na tional Economy (VDNKh), 26 export infrastructure, 10, 120, 125, 135-50, 160, 178, 180, 182-3, 191, 198, 204, 207, 223, 227, 231-3 Federal Geological Survey (Bundesanstalt für Bodenforschung), 124 Federal Republic of Germany, see Germany Finland, 3, 9-10, 57, 67, 89, 131-3, 135, 138, 147, 151, 163, 166, 169, 200, 202, 212, 214, 218, 219, 222, 224, 226-8, 234 Finsider, 24, 52, 55 five-year plan, 23, 142, 152, 207 Ford, Gerald, 171 Foreign Trade Bank of the USSR, 63 France, 3, 34, 39-40, 55, 58, 61, 65-6, 68, 71, 86-7, 125-30, 132, 151, 169-70, 173-4, 176, 180-3, 187-9, 193-5, 210, 219, 226, 231 Frankfurt, 81, 110
272 Index French-Algerian conflict, 34 Friderichs, Hans, 159, 177, 181 Friendship of the Peoples system, 21, 205 Fukushima disaster, 2, 225 Fulda, 165 Funcke, Friedrich, 123 Galician gas fields, 13-14, 20-1, 23, 36, 95-102, 135, 138, 144-5, 161, 216 Gas-Union, 71, 158, 173 Gasunie, 180, 188, 191, 193, 215 see also NAM Gas Export Gasversorgung Süddeutschland (GVS), 71, 156-8, 173 Gaz de France (GdF), 34, 39, 55, 57, 65, 128, 132, 158, 173-4, 176, 180, 187-8, 195, 201, 210, 224-5, 230 Gazlı gas field (in Uzbekistan), 23 Gazocean, 39, 133 Gazovaya promyshlennost (journal), 18, 25, 32, 137 Gazprom, 204, 206, 208-15, 223 GdF, see Gaz de France Gebersdorf, 165 Geilenkeuser, Hans, 155 General Electric, 179, 189 Genova, 70 Georgia, 21-2, 205 German Industrial Trade Fair, 108-9 German Institute of Economic Research (Deutsches Institut für Wirtschafts forschung) (DIW), 107, ПО German-Soviet negotiations, 105-34 Germany (Federal Republic of), 2-3, 9, 53, 57-8, 67-8, 74, 78, 82, 84, 87, 106, 108-9, 120, 122, 135-9, 146, 149-51,161, 166, 180, 189, 212, 219, 221-2, 226, 228 Giprospetsgaz, 40-1 Girotti, Raffaele, 163 Glasgow, 190 GlavgazSSSR, 15, 17, 19-22, 24-7, 31-6, 38-40 Gomulka, Władysław, 78 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 205 Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod), 25 Górzyca, 213 Gosplan (Soviet State Planning Commis sion), 13, 15, 23, 33-4, 38-42, 95, 97, 99, 141, 143-4, 160-2, 178, 207, 233 Gossnab (Soviet State Committee for Material-Technical Supply), 148, 161-2, 207 grand coalition (in Austria), 54 grand coalition (in Germany), 74, 120-1 Greece, 3, 199-200, 212, 234 Greifswald, 215 Gromyko, Andrei,
119, 130 GVS, see Gasversorgung Süddeutschland Η-Gas, see high-calorific gas Haferkamp, Wilhelm, 107 The Hague, 117 Haig, Alexander, 185 Hallstein Doctrine, 75, 78 Hamburg, 57, 81, 107, 190, 227 Handelsblatt, 155 Hassi R'Mel gas field (in Algeria), 28 Heitzer, Hans, 73, 115, 155-6 Herbst, Axel, 126 Hessen, 69, 165 high-calorific gas (H֊Gas), 114, 157, 165-6 Hitler, Adolf, 13-14, 51, 68 Hoesch, 121 Hungary, 39, 43, 52, 54-5, 65, 68, 153, 171-2, 203, 206 Hveding, Vidkun, 192 hydrogen sulfide, 39 Iberian peninsula, 72, 200 IGAT-1 pipeline, 172,175, 182, 206 IGAT-2 pipeline, 172-7, 182, 206 IGU, see International Gas Union Ingolstadt, 70-1, 165 intentional disruptions, 8, 10, 181, 192, 204-9, 211, 220, 223, 232 International Energy Agency (IEA), 2, 200 International Gas Union (IGU), 26-7, 57, 81-2, 108, 229 Iran, 10, 38, 40-2, 172-7, 180-3, 185-6, 191, 194, 202, 206-7, 219-20 Iranian national gas company (NIGC), 172, 174-5
Index Iranian Revolution, 182,185, 206, 219-20 Iraq, 57 isolation, politics of, 67-9 Israel, 57-8, 170,190 Italy, 3, 38-40, 42-3, 49-50, 52-8, 60-6, 70-1, 77-8, 105, 125-33, 153-4 and Austrian gas contract, 60-6 and Austrian gas price negotiations, 60-2 and Bavarian plans, 70-1, 77-8 and Mingazprom, 42 and Six-Days War, 55-8 and Willy Brandt, 125-33 Izvestiya, 137 Japan, 2, 39, 40, 57, 89,133, 172, 218 Jaumann, Anton, 158-9,165-6 John Brown Engineering, 189, 198 Johnson, Lyndon, 84, 86 Jonava, 161 Kaliningrad (Königsberg), 21, 214 Kalush, 97 Kamenets-Podolsk, 97 Kangan gas field (in Iran), 172, 175 Karadag gas field (in Azerbaijan), 21-2 Kaun, Heinrich, 82-3, 108 Kazan, 20 Kekkonen, Urho, 163 Kharkov, 21, 162 Khrushchev, Nikita, 15, 18, 24-5, 27, 29, 32-5, 41, 197 Kiesinger, Kurt Georg, 74, 84, 86-7, 106, 118, 120-1, 127 Kiev, 13-14, 20-1, 24-5, 96, 98-101, 148, 160, 162, 209, 213-14 Kissinger, Henry, 171 Klaipeda, 21 Klaus, Josef, 54 Koller, Herbert, 51-2, 65 Komi ASSR, 138-47, 163, 176, 179, 183 Königsberg, see Kaliningrad Koper, 48, 72 Kortunov, Alexei, 15-28, 31, 33-4, 36, 38, 40-2, 56, 81, 92, 97, 99-100, 138-9, 142-9, 153, 178, 222-3 273 and Arctic system-building, 139, 142-3 death of, and Ukrainian crisis, 143-7 defining export strategy, 31, 33-4, 36, 38, 40-2 early life of, 16-17 and rise of the Soviet gas industry, 15-28 and the Soviet-Austrian gas trade, 92, 97, 99-100 Kosovo, 203 Kosygin, Alexei, 34, 40-2, 62, 119, 142, 147, 160, 162, 164 Kozyrev, Andrei, 208 Kratzmüller, Emil, 123 Kröning, Rudolf, 80-1 Kursk, 21 Kuwait, 57 Kuybyshev (Samara), 20 Kuzmin, Mikhail,
160 L-Gas, see low-calorific gas Lambsdorff, Otto Graf, 181-2 Lane, Erwin, 163 Landshut, 71, 165 Lantzke, Ulf, 107, 109, 111-12, 118, 125, 127-30, 173 large technical system (LTS), 5-7, 195, 220, 223, 229-32 Latvia, 9, 21, 95-7, 99, 138, 146-7, 205-6, 208, 228, 232-3 Lenin Prize, 26 Leningrad, 20, 25-6, 41, 100, 108, 132, 138-9, 145, 163, 189, 198 see also St. Petersburg Libya, 34-5, 38, 55, 57, 60, 62,115-16, 169, 224, 232 Liepaja, 21 Liesen, Klaus, 131, 156, 181-3 Linz, 47-8, 51, 53, 74, 77-8 liquefied natural gas (LNG), 34, 39, 48-9, 58, 71-2, 77, 116, 125, 132-3, 158, 169-73, 175-6, 185, 187, 192, 200, 205 liquid petroleum gas (LPG), 39-40 Lithuania, 9, 21, 95-6, 99, 138, 146-7, 161, 204-5, 208, 228, 232 Livorno, 190
274 Index LNG, see liquefied natural gas low-calorific gas (L-Gas), 114, 157, 165 LPG, see liquid petroleum gas LTS, see large technical system Lukesch, Rudolf, 50-4, 56-8, 65, 74, 78-9 Lvov, 95-6, 160-2 Lwówek, 213 Lyashko, Alexander, 162, 164 Mannesmann, 24, 52, 55-6, 65, 79-82, 84, 86, 100, 121, 140, 143, 189 Mannesmann-Röhrenwerke, 121 Manshulo, Andrei, 109 Mao Zedong, 75 Marseille, 58, 70 Marshall Plan, 37, 47 Masherov, Piotr, 160 Matzen gas field and storage facility, 91, 94, 102, 169 Medvedev, Dmitry, 223-4 Medvezhye gas field (in Siberia), 140-1, 143, 179 Medvezhye-Nadym pipeline, 141 Metalimex, 50, 59, 93 Middle East, 57, 70, 200 Mikoyan, Anastas, 34 Minenergo (Soviet Ministry of Energy), 33, 149 Mingazprom (Soviet Ministry of Gas Industry), 40, 101, 108, 125, 135-50, 155, 160-1, 166, 171-2, 177-9, 183-4, 191, 197-8, 203-4, 208, 223, 228-30, 233 export strategy of, 135-8 Ministry for Construction of Oil and Gas Facilities, see Minneftegazstroi Ministry of Chemical Industry (Soviet Union), 102, 161 Ministry of Economy and Finance (France), 127 Ministry of Education and Science (Germany), 120 Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy (Soviet Union), 24, 161 Ministry of Food Industry (Soviet Union), 102 Ministry of Foreign Trade (Soviet Union), 24, 36-7, 39, 42, 53, 56, 63, 99, 109, 111, 131, 133, 175, 178, 184, 227 Ministry of Gas Industry, see Mingazprom Ministry of Geology (Soviet Union), 32, 34 Ministry of Heavy Machine Building (Soviet Union), 146, 149 Ministry of Industry (France), 126 Ministry of Interior (Soviet Union), 149 Ministry of Petrochemical Machine Building
(Soviet Union), 149 Minneftegazstroi (Soviet Ministry for Construction of Oil and Gas Facilities), 147-9, 160-1, 177-8, 183, 197 Minsk, 21, 96, 99-102, 140, 146 Mitterand, François, 187 Mitterer, Leo, 152-3 Mobil Oil, 70 Moldova, 21, 205, 220, 223 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 13, 216 Mommsen, Ernst Wolf, 79-81 Monfalcone, 158, 172 Moscow, 14, 20-1, 23, 25-6, 33, 55-6, 61, 109, 112, 116, 119, 126, 130, 131, 133, 145, 149, 160, 162, 175, 181-4, 214 Munich, 70-1, 73, 82, 87, 111, 118, 155-6, 159, 165 Nadym-Ukhta-Torzhok route, 140 Naftogaz, 208, 210, 213 Nagorno-Karabakh, 205 NAM Gas Export, 55, 60, 69, 71, 80 see also Gasunie National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), 182 NATO, see North Atlantic Treaty Organization Nazih, Hassan, 182 Nazism, 9, 13, 45-6, 51, 68-9, 74, 95, 106 Neef, Fritz, 80 NEGP (North European Gas Pipeline), see Nord Stream neoliberalism, 202 Neporozhnii, Piotr, 160 Neste (Finland), 132, 214
Index Netherlands, 3, 10, 28, 34-8, 48-50, 55, 60, 62, 64-5, 69, 71, 80, 87, 89, 107, 112, 124-5, 128, 155-6, 168-70, 180-2, 188, 191, 193, 211, 215, 217-19, 225 Nevsky machine-building factory (in Leningrad), 25-6, 189, 198 NIGC, see Iranian national gas company Nigeria, 185, 200 NIOC, see National Iranian Oil Company NIOGAS, 47, 48, 65 Nixon, Richard, 118, 124, 132-3, 171 Nord Stream pipeline, 214-17, 232 North Africa, 28, 57, 71-2 see also Algeria; Libya North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 3-4, 33, 36, 39, 52, 67-8, 74-5,130, 190, 222, 229 pipe embargo (1962), 36, 39, 52, 74-5 North German coal, 68-72, 74, 76, 78 North Ossetia, 205 North Sea gas, 2, 28, 62, 107, 157, 165-6, 201-2 North Star project, 133, 171 Northern Lights system (Siyanie severa), 138-43, 179, 183 Norway, 2, 168, 191-2, 201-2, 206-7, 212, 214, 224, 231-2, 234 Nuovo Pignone, 189-90, 199 Nuremberg (Nürnberg), 157, 159, 165-6 Nürnberg-Würzburg pipeline, 165-6 Oberlaa, 45 Oberösterreichische Ferngas (OÖ Ferngas), 47, 48, 50, 65 Occidental Petroleum, 133 October Revolution, 14, 25, 145 Odessa, 21 Odvarka, Josef, 160 ÖIAG, 51 Oil and Gas journal, 4, 20, 49, 98, 127, 136, 139, 147, 176, 217 oil crisis (1973-1974), 10, 167-70, 219, 228-9 see also Arab oil embargo oil crisis (1979), 185-7, 220 Oil Ministry (Soviet Union), 15, 147 275 ÖMV (Austrian Mineral Oil Administration), 38-9, 101-2, 115, 120, 132, 148, 152-4, 162-3, 169, 171-3, 176-7, 180, 183, 188, 193-5, 206, 209-10, 224-5, 227-30 versus Austria Ferngas, 48-50 and Austrian-Soviet contract, 63-6 and Bavaria, 70 and Iranian deal, 177, 180, 183 and
price negotiations, 58-63 and Rudolf Lukesch, 51-4 and Six-Days War, 55-8 and Yamal pipeline, 188 and Yugoslavia, 171-2 OÖ Ferngas, see Oberösterreichische Ferngas Orange Revolution (in Ukraine), 214-15 Order of Lenin, 17 Orenburg, 171, 176, 180 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 1, 219 Ortoli, François-Xavier, 127 Orudzhev, Sabit, 147-9, 159-60, 162, 164, 178, 181 Osipov, Nikolai, 56, 58, 111-13, 115-18, 121, 129, 154, 163, 174, 181, 224 Ostpolitik (German Eastern policy), 4, 10, 78, 83-4, 88, 106, 118, 120, 122, 226 Ostrogozhsk, 145 Panhandle-Hugoton gas field (USA), 28 Parkinson, Cecil, 202 Patolichev, Nikolai, 108-10, 112-13, 116, 129, 181-2 People's Party (ÖVP, in Austria), 54 Perle, Richard, 192 Persian Gulf, 175 Petrol gas company (Yugoslavia), 171, 195 pipe industry, 4, 6, 17, 23-6, 33, 36, 42-3, 51-2, 62, 75, 97, 109, 113, 139, 143, 159, 184 and Arctic system-building, 139 rise and stagnation of, 6, 8, 23-6 Plesser, Norbert, 77, 86, 110, 116-19, 123-4, 126, 130, 173-4
276 Index Podgórny, Nikolaj, 34, 53-4, 73 Poland, 13-14, 21, 78, 82, 95, 100, 135, 138, 171, 187-8, 206, 212-16, 220 Politik der Bewegung (Policy of Movement), 68, 84 Poltava, 98 Pompidou, Georges, 127 Poznań, 213 Prague Spring, 91, 184 Pravda, 15 price negotiations Austria-Soviet Union, 58-63 Germany-Soviet Union, 112-18 Pritchard (American company), 91 Prodi, Romano, 211 Putin, Vladimir, 203, 213, 223-4 Qatar, 200 Reagan, Ronald, 10, 184-5, 188-90, 192-3, 220 Riga, 21, 96, 99-100, 146, 206 Rolls-Royce, 179 Romania, 39, 52, 68, 78, 171, 199 Rosenheim, 77 Rovno, 97, 101, 161 Ruben, Vitalii, 96-7, 99, 146-7 Ruhrgas, 48, 69, 71, 76, 107, 111-24, 126-31, 152, 154-9, 162-3, 165, 168, 172-6, 180-3, 185-6, 188, 199, 201, 203, 205-6, 209-10, 212, 214-15, 224-5, 228-30 Runge, Hans Carsten, 123 Rusk, Dean, 84 Ruská, 90 Ryabenko, Alexander, 41 Saar Ferngas, 71, 158, 173 Sackmann, Franz, 86 Saharan gas, 28, 34-5, 48, 58, 60, 72, 158, 170, 187, 192-3, 200 see also Algerian LNG St. Petersburg, 215 see also Leningrad Salzgitter Ferngas, 121, 174 Samara, see Kuybyshev Saratov, 13-14, 20, 25 Saudi Arabia, 57 Schedi, Otto, 69-77, 79, 81-2, 86-8, 110-12, 114-16, 118, 159, 165, 226-7, 230 Scheel, Walter, 120 Schelberger, Herbert, 112-19, 121-4, 129, 131, 159 Schiller, Karl, 74, 76, 78-81, 84, 86, 107, 109-10, 118, 120, 127, 129 Schlieker, Willy, 76-7 Schloss Hernstein-Berndorf, 58, 60 Schmidt, Helmut, 175, 191 Schröder, Gerhard, 68 Schwarz, Hans-Otto, 82 Scotland, 189-90 Sedin, Ivan, 13-15 Serbia, 172 Shcherbina, Boris, 34, 137, 178 Shebelinka gas field (in eastern Ukraine), 21, 98-9, 144-9,
159, 161, 163 Shell, 28, 45, 69, 71, 73, 76, 122-6, 131, 163, 169, 225 Siberia, 2, 8, 10, 31-43, 55-8, 67, 95, 99, 117, 121, 133-47, 150, 155-6, 163, 167, 171, 176-9, 183-92, 197-9, 203, 212, 217, 233-4 and Arctic system-building, 138-43 and Austrian-Soviet contract, 55-6 and Brezhnev, 185-6 and Galician gas, 95 and Finland, 163 and Iran, 176, 183 and Ukranian crisis, 143-7 and United States, 133, 171, 186, 190-2 and Yamal pipeline, 188,190-2 Sidorenko, Alexander, 34, 148-9 Six-Days War, 55-8 Sleipner gas field (off Norway), 201 Slochteren gas field (in the Netherlands), 28, 34, 48, 81 Slovakia, 203, 213 see also Czechoslovakia SMV (Soviet Mineral Oil Administra tion), 46-8 Social Democratic Party (SPÖ, in Austria), 54, 74, 84, 107, 120, 165, 226 socialism, 9, 14, 19, 35, 39, 68, 171-2, 187
Index Société Commerciale du Methane Saharien (COMES), 28 Solidarność, 187 see also Lech Walesa Sonatrach, 34, 55, 72-3, 87-8, 90, 170, 187,191, 225 Sopex, 172, 175 Sorokin, Alexei, 26, 31, 56-8, 81-6, 108, 111-12, 115, 117, 129 Sorsa, Kalevi, 163 Soviet-Austrian Commission for Economic Cooperation, 132 Soviet Council of Ministers, 24, 34, 41-2, 90, 95, 100-1, 138, 140, 143, 147-9, 153, 160, 182 Soviet-Finnish agreement (1971), 132 Soviet Ministry of Foreign Trade, 56, 109, 131,133 Soviet Union, collapse of, 3, 5, 7, 10, 202-4, 207-8, 214, 220, 223, 232 Soyuz (Union) pipeline, 171, 177, 180 Soyuznefteexport, 63-5, 116, 132, 227 Spain, 35,49, 71,131-3,171, 195,200-1,219 Sputnik satellite, 17 Stalin, Josef, 13-15 Stance, Maruice, 133 Staribacher, Josef, 163, 188 State Committee for Material-Technical Supply, see Gossnab State Planning Commission, see Gosplan Statfjord gas field (off Norway), 192 Stavropol, 20, 26 Stavropol-Moscow-Leningrad pipeline, 26 Steeg, Helga, 200 Steirische Ferngas, 47, 48, 50, 65 Stockholm Environmental Conference, 167 Strauss, Franz-Josef, 84, 86 Streibl, Max, 182 Styria, 47, 154, 172 see also Steirische Ferngas Südostdeutsche Ferngas AG, 45 Suez canal, 57 sulfur dioxide, 167 supply disruptions, 7, 21, 37, 85, 94, 117, 120, 156, 163, 166, 169, 181, 190-5, 206, 208, 221-4, 227, 232-3 277 surplus for export, 26-9, 35 Sverdlovsk, 23-4 Sweden, 3, 9-10, 64, 67, 89, 131-3, 171, 199, 201-2, 206, 214, 216, 218-19, 222, 226 Swissgas, 158 Switzerland, 3, 34-5, 39, 69, 72, 126-7, 131-3, 153, 158, 171, 199, 219 synthetic oil production, 69 system-building, 5-10,
14, 20-4, 27-8, 36, 43, 89-103, 136-50, 155, 197, 220, 225, 229-32, 234-5 Arctic, 138-43 coalitions, 5 and Lenin, 14 Ukrainian, 144, 147, 150, 155 Western, 27-8 TAL, see Trans-Alpine Pipeline Tallesbrunn gas field and storage facility (in Austria), 169 Tarvisio, 61, 154 Tbilisi, 22 TDOs, see Temporary Denial Orders Technical Works of Stuttgart, 82 Temporary Denial Orders (TDOs), 190 TEN, see Trans-European Networks Tenneco, 133 Ternopol, 98, 144 Texas Eastern Transmission, 133 Thatcher, Margaret, 189, 200 Three Mile Island, 185 Thyssen, 52-3, 55-6, 65, 79, 81-2, 86, 121 Thyssengas, 48, 69, 80-1, 130, 174 Titarenko, Alexei, 161 Tolloy, Giusto, 58 Tončić-Sorinj, Lujo, 56 Trans-Alpine Pipeline (TAL), 70 Trans-Austria pipeline, 171, 193, 207, 209, 231 Trans-Canada pipeline, 23 Trans-European Networks (TEN), 213 Trans-European Pipeline, 5, 39, 55-6, 58-9, 61, 65-6, 77, 80, 86, 105, 126, 129 Trans-Mediterranean pipeline, 187, 192-3, 202
278 Index Trans-Saharan pipeline, 200 transit through Czechoslovakia and Austria, 151-4 Trefgarne, Lord, 202 Trieste, 43, 70, 177 Troll gas field (off Norway), 201, 214 Tsarapkin, Semyon, 106, 108, 115 Tuimazinsk, 17 Turkey, 3, 172-3, 199-200, 209, 212, 234 Turkmenistan, 183, 209 Tyrol, 77 Tyumen, 31-4, 38, 40-1, 136-9, 142-3, 178-9, 197 Ufa, 20 Ukraine, 1, 5, 9-10, 13, 20-1, 36, 41, 50, 90, 95-103, 135-6, 138-40, 143-50, 159-64, 171, 178, 197, 204-5, 207-15, 217, 220, 232 and Austrian-Soviet contract, 90, 95-103 and Kortunov's death, 143-7 and regional gas crisis (1969), 101 as victim, 97-101 Ukrainian Council of Ministers, 95, 100-1, 148-9, 160 Ukhta-Torzhok pipeline, 138-9, 143 Ulbricht, Walter, 78, 83 Ulm, 157 UNECE, see United Nations Economic Committee for Europe United Austrian Iron and Steel Works, see VÖEST United Kingdom, 34-5, 37, 57, 62, 71, 115, 189, 192, 200-2, 214-15, 218 United Nations, and Afghanistan, 184 United Nations Economic Committee for Europe (UNECE), 26-8, 230 United States, 6, 18-19, 24-7, 37, 45, 84, 91-2, 131-4, 155, 171, 184-8, 191 compressor technology, 25-7 and opposition to Yamal pipeline, 184-8 and pipe manufacturing, 24 and political relations with the Soviet Union, 133 Urals, 22-4, 26, 32-3, 38, 40, 136, 179 Urengoi gas field (in Siberia), 133, 140, 179, 185, 198-9, 225, 231 Urengoi-Uzhgorod export pipeline, 225, 231 see also Yamal pipeline den Uyl, Joop, 169 Uzbekistan, 22, 23, 40, 145 Uzhgorod, 90, 100-1, 144, 146-9, 159, 161, 163, 171, 183, 198, 225, 231 Vacuum Oil, 45 Valdai-Latvia pipeline, 146-7 VDNKh, see Exhibition of Achievements
of the National Economy VGW (Verband der deutschen Gas- und Wasserwerke), 81-2 Vienna, 45, 58, 60, 63, 113-14, 153 Vienna Public Works (Wiener Stadtwerke), 47-8, 65 Vilnius, 21, 96, 146, 204 VNG, 205-6 VÖEST (United Austrian Iron and Steel Works), 51-6, 58-61, 65, 74, 78, 81, 99 Vojvodina, 172 Volchkov, Stanislav, 108, 112, 114, 119 Volga, 20-1, 31 Vonhoff, Hendrik, 191, 193 Vuktylskoe gas field (in Komi ASSR), 138, 143 Vuktylskoe-Ukhta-Torzhok pipeline, 143 Vyakhirev, Rem, 209 Vyborg, 215 Waidhaus, 114, 159 Waldheim, Kurt, 62 Walesa, Lech, 187, 212 Wandel durch Annäherung (change through rapproachment), 74 Warsaw Pact, 9, 78, 91-2, 105, 218 Wedekind, Gerhard, 110, 112, 123 Wehner, Herbert, 86 Weise, Jürgen, 117 Wiener Elektrizitätswerke, 45 Wiener Stadtwerke, see Vienna Public Works Wilhelmshaven, 170 Wingas, 206, 212-13
Index Wintershall, 205-6, 211-12, 215 see also BASF Wodak, Walter, 61 Woratz, Gerhard, 78, 107 World War II, 13, 28-9, 69 Würzburg, 157, 165-6 Yamal pipeline, 179-95,197-200, 217-19, 222, 229 and compressor embargo, 188-90 envisaging, 179-83 and Europe's contested vulnerability, 190-5 and United States opposition, 184-8 279 Yamal-Nenets national region, 137, 180, 198 Yamburg gas field (in Siberia), 180, 198 Yeltsin, Boris, 212, 223 Yerevan, 22 Yugoslavia, 39, 48-9, 52, 54-5, 65, 72-3, 87, 153, 158, 169, 171-2, 190, 193, 203, 231, 234 Yushchenko, Viktor, 215 Zeebrugge, 201 Zwerndorf gas field (in Austria and Czechoslovakia), 47, 50, 59, 93 Bayerische Staatsbibliothe' München |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Högselius, Per 1973- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)130302929 |
| author_facet | Högselius, Per 1973- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Högselius, Per 1973- |
| author_variant | p h ph |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041393916 |
| classification_rvk | MF 9150 QR 534 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)840869314 (DE-599)BVBBV041393916 |
| dewey-full | 338.27280947 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 338 - Production |
| dewey-raw | 338.27280947 |
| dewey-search | 338.27280947 |
| dewey-sort | 3338.27280947 |
| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Politologie Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | 1. edition |
| era | Geschichte 1958-2009 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1958-2009 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | European Union countries / Foreign economic relations / Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) / Foreign economic relations / European Union countries Europa Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd Österreich (DE-588)4043271-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | European Union countries / Foreign economic relations / Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) / Foreign economic relations / European Union countries Europa Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten Deutschland Sowjetunion Russland Österreich |
| id | DE-604.BV041393916 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T06:18:07Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781137293718 9781137286147 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026841633 |
| oclc_num | 840869314 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-521 DE-83 DE-706 DE-12 DE-N2 DE-29 DE-210 |
| owner_facet | DE-521 DE-83 DE-706 DE-12 DE-N2 DE-29 DE-210 |
| physical | XII, 279 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 25 cm |
| psigel | DHB_BSB_FID |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Palgrave Macmillan |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Palgrave Macmillan transnational history series |
| spelling | Högselius, Per 1973- Verfasser (DE-588)130302929 aut Red gas Russia and the origins of European energy dependence Per Högselius 1. edition New York Palgrave Macmillan 2013 XII, 279 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Palgrave Macmillan transnational history series Includes bibliographical references and index Introduction -- Before Siberia: the rise of the Soviet natural gas industry -- Toward an export strategy -- Austria: the pioneer -- Bavaria's quest for energy independence -- From contract to flow: the Soviet-Austrian experience -- Willy Brandt: natural gas as Ostpolitik -- Constructing the export infrastructure -- Trusting the enemy: importing Soviet gas in practice -- Scale up or phase out? -- From Soviet to Russian natural gas -- Conclusion Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1958-2009 gnd rswk-swf Energy security / European Union countries Energy policy / European Union countries Gas industry / Europe Gas (DE-588)4019320-2 gnd rswk-swf Erdgasexport (DE-588)4152660-0 gnd rswk-swf Gaswirtschaft (DE-588)4019429-2 gnd rswk-swf Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 gnd rswk-swf Erdgasindustrie (DE-588)4136950-6 gnd rswk-swf Gasversorgung (DE-588)4133063-8 gnd rswk-swf European Union countries / Foreign economic relations / Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) / Foreign economic relations / European Union countries Europa Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Österreich (DE-588)4043271-3 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Erdgasindustrie (DE-588)4136950-6 s Erdgasexport (DE-588)4152660-0 s Österreich (DE-588)4043271-3 g Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 g Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 s Gasversorgung (DE-588)4133063-8 s Geschichte 1958-2009 z DE-604 Gaswirtschaft (DE-588)4019429-2 s Gas (DE-588)4019320-2 s Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-137-28615-4 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026841633&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026841633&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026841633&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Högselius, Per 1973- Red gas Russia and the origins of European energy dependence Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Energy security / European Union countries Energy policy / European Union countries Gas industry / Europe Gas (DE-588)4019320-2 gnd Erdgasexport (DE-588)4152660-0 gnd Gaswirtschaft (DE-588)4019429-2 gnd Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 gnd Erdgasindustrie (DE-588)4136950-6 gnd Gasversorgung (DE-588)4133063-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4019320-2 (DE-588)4152660-0 (DE-588)4019429-2 (DE-588)4014715-0 (DE-588)4136950-6 (DE-588)4133063-8 (DE-588)4011882-4 (DE-588)4077548-3 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4043271-3 |
| title | Red gas Russia and the origins of European energy dependence |
| title_auth | Red gas Russia and the origins of European energy dependence |
| title_exact_search | Red gas Russia and the origins of European energy dependence |
| title_full | Red gas Russia and the origins of European energy dependence Per Högselius |
| title_fullStr | Red gas Russia and the origins of European energy dependence Per Högselius |
| title_full_unstemmed | Red gas Russia and the origins of European energy dependence Per Högselius |
| title_short | Red gas |
| title_sort | red gas russia and the origins of european energy dependence |
| title_sub | Russia and the origins of European energy dependence |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Energy security / European Union countries Energy policy / European Union countries Gas industry / Europe Gas (DE-588)4019320-2 gnd Erdgasexport (DE-588)4152660-0 gnd Gaswirtschaft (DE-588)4019429-2 gnd Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 gnd Erdgasindustrie (DE-588)4136950-6 gnd Gasversorgung (DE-588)4133063-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Energy security / European Union countries Energy policy / European Union countries Gas industry / Europe Gas Erdgasexport Gaswirtschaft Energiepolitik Erdgasindustrie Gasversorgung European Union countries / Foreign economic relations / Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) / Foreign economic relations / European Union countries Europa Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten Deutschland Sowjetunion Russland Österreich |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026841633&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026841633&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026841633&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hogseliusper redgasrussiaandtheoriginsofeuropeanenergydependence |