Heterogeneous catalysts for clean technology: spectroscopy, design, and monitoring
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| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
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2014
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| Beschreibung: | Online-Ausg. 2013 erschienen |
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| ISBN: | 9783527658985 9783527658992 9783527659005 9783527659012 |
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| adam_text | VII
CONTENTS
PREFACE XVII
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS XIX
1 INTRODUCTION TO CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND CATALYSIS 1
JAMES H. CLARK
1.1 GREEN CHEMISTRY AND CLEAN TECHNOLOGY 1
1.1.1 IDEALS OF GREEN CHEMISTRY 2
1.2 GREEN CHEMISTRY METRICS 3
1.3 ALTERNATIVE SOLVENTS 5
1.4 HETEROGENEOUS OR HOMOGENEOUS 6
1.5 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY REACTORS FOR GREEN CHEMISTRY 7
1.5.1 MICROCHANNEL REACTORS 7
1.5.2 MICROWAVE REACTORS 7
1.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS 9
REFERENCES 9
2 MECHANISTIC STUDIES OF ALCOHOL SELECTIVE OXIDATION 11
ADAM F. LEE
2.1 INTRODUCTION 11
2.1.1 APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIVE OXIDATION 11
2.1.2 OXIDANT CONSIDERATIONS 12
2.2 METAL-CATALYZED ALCOHOL SELOX 13
2.2.1 MONOMETALLIC CATALYSTS 13
2.2.2 BIMETALLIC SELOX CATALYSTS 15
2.2.3 SUPPORT EFFECTS 17
2.3 OXIDE, SULFIDE, AND VANADATE CATALYSTS 22
2.4 SOLVENT SELECTION 22
2.4.1 SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS 22
2.4.2 IONIC LIQUIDS AND WATER 23
2.5 IN SITU AND OPERANDO X-RAY STUDIES OF SELOX CATALYSTS 24
2.5.1 X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY 24
2.5.2 X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY 28
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1033857742
VIIII CONTENTS
2.6 CONCLUSIONS 32
REFERENCES 33
3 REACTION MONITORING IN MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS: APPLICATION OF COUPLED
IN SITU SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 39
LEIF R. KNOPKE AND URSULA BENTRUP
3.1 INTRODUCTION 39
3.2 METHOD COUPLING 41
3.3 SPECTROSCOPIC REACTORS AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS 45
3.4 SELECTED EXAMPLES OF USE 50
3.4.1 HETEROGENEOUSLY CATALYZED HYDROGENATION OF IMINES 50
3.4.2 THREE-PHASE HYDROGENATION OF NITROBENZENE OVER NANOSIZED
AU ON TI02 56
3.4.3 ELUCIDATING THE MECHANISM OF CU(II)-CATALYZED ARYLATION OF
IMIDAZOLE
AND PHENYLBORONIC ACID BY A MULTITECHNIQUE APPROACH 59
3.5 CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK 60
REFERENCES 61
4 IN SITU STUDIES ON PHOTOCATALYTIC MATERIALS, SURFACE INTERMEDIATES,
AND REACTION MECHANISMS 65
HENDRIK KOSSLICK, VU A.
TUAN, AND DETLEFW. BAHNEMANN
4.1 INTRODUCTION 65
4.2 IN SITU INVESTIGATIONS 66
4.2.1 FTIR 66
4.2.1.1 NO
X
DEPOLLUTION 66
4.2.1.2 HYDROCARBON OXIDATION 69
4.2.1.3 OXIDATION OF OXYGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS 75
4.2.2 EPR 79
4.2.2.1 SEMICONDUCTOR CHARGE SEPARATION AND TRANSFER 79
4.2.2.2 REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES
86
4.2.2.3 LOCAL STRUCTURE OF ACTIVE SITES 89
4.2.3 XPS 90
4.2.4 XAFS AND UV VIS 92
4.2.5 NMR 94
4.2.6 OTHER METHODS 96
4.3 CONCLUDING REMARKS 98
REFERENCES 99
5 ENANTIOSELECTIVE HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 103
CHRISTOPHER J. BADDELEY
5.1 INTRODUCTION 103
5.2 STRATEGIES FOR THE CREATION OF ENANTIOSELECTIVE HETEROGENEOUS
CATALYSTS 105
5.2.1 IMMOBILIZATION OF HOMOGENEOUS OR ENZYME CATALYSTS 105
5.2.1.1 COVALENT TETHERING 105
CONTENTS I IX
5.2.1.1.1 COVALENT IMMOBILIZATION ON INORGANIC SUPPORTS 105
5.2.1.1.2 COVALENT IMMOBILIZATION ON POLYMERIC RESINS 106
5.2.1.1.3 COVALENT IMMOBILIZATION BY COPOLYMERIZATION 107
5.2.1.2 IMMOBILIZATION BY ENCAPSULATION 107
5.2.1.2.1 CONSTRUCTION OF CATALYST WITHIN THE PORES OF A SUPPORT 107
5.2.1.2.2 CONSTRUCTION OF SUPPORT AROUND THE CATALYST 108
5.2.1.3 IMMOBILIZATION BY ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS 108
5.2.1.4 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF IMMOBILIZED CATALYSTS 109
5.2.2 USE OF CHIRAL SOLIDS 109
5.2.2.1 METAL OR METAL OXIDE ON A CHIRAL SUPPORT 109
5.2.2.2 CHIRAL ZEOLITES 110
5.2.2.3 CHIRAL METAL-ORGANIC CATALYSTS 110
5.2.3 CHIRALLY MODIFIED METAL SURFACES 112
5.2.3.1 ACHIRAL MOLECULES ON ACHIRAL SURFACES - THE RACEMIC REACTION 113
5.2.3.2 METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ENANTIOSELECTIVITY 114
5.2.3.2.1 RATE ENHANCEMENT AT MODIFIED SITES 116
5.2.3.2.2 QUENCHING OF RACEMIC REACTION RATE 116
5.2.3.2.3 FORMATION OF SUPRAMOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES 116
5.2.3.2.4 CHIRAL RECOGNITION AND CHIRAL AMPLIFICATION 118
5.3 CONCLUDING REMARKS-A COMPARISON OF THE VARIOUS APPROACHES
TO HETEROGENEOUS ENANTIOSELECTIVE CATALYSTS 120
REFERENCES 121
6 MECHANISTIC STUDIES OF SOLID ACIDS AND BASE-CATALYZED CLEAN
TECHNOLOGIES 125
ATSUSHI TAKAGAKI, SHUN NISHIMURA, AND KOHKI EBITANI
6.1 INTRODUCTION 125
6.2 NEW CATALYTIC SYSTEMS 126
6.2.1 NEW CATALYTIC MATERIALS 126
6.2.1.1 METAL OXIDES 126
6.2.1.1.1 NANOSTRUCTURED METAL OXIDE SOLID ACIDS 127
6.2.1.2 CARBON-BASED MATERIALS 130
6.2.1.3 ION-EXCHANGED RESINS 131
6.2.2 NEW CARBON-CARBON BOND FORMATIONS 133
6.2.2.1 SOLID ACID CATALYSTS 133
6.2.2.2 SOLID BASE CATALYSTS 139
6.2.2.3 SOLID ACID-BASE BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYSTS 140
6.2.3 ONE-POT SEQUENTIAL REACTIONS 141
6.2.3.1 ONE-POT SEQUENTIAL REACTIONS USING ACID AND BASE SITES
ON THE SAME SOLID 142
6.2.3.2 ONE-POT SEQUENTIAL SYNTHESIS SYSTEM USING DIFFERENT PARTICLES
OF SOLID ACID AND BASE CATALYSTS 143
6.3 BIOMASS CONVERSIONS 144
6.3.1 HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSE 145
6.3.2 TRANSFORMATION OF SUGARS INTO FURFURALS 147
X I CONTENTS
6.3.2.1 SYNTHESIS OF 5-HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL FROM FRUCTOSE AND GLUCOSE
USING HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS 148
6.3.2.2 SYNTHESIS OF FURFURAL FROM XYLOSE USING HETEROGENEOUS
CATALYSTS 149
6.3.2.3 ONE-POT SYNTHESIS OF FURFURALS FROM MONOSACCHARIDES AND
DISACCHARIDES USING SOLID ACID AND BASE CATALYSTS 149
6.3.3 SYNTHESIS OF LACTIC ACID 153
6.3.4 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION 155
6.3.5 SYNTHESIS OF GLYCEROL CARBONATE 159
6.4 SUMMARY 163
REFERENCES 163
7 SITE-ISOLATED HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS 173
MIZUKI TADA AND SATOSHI MURATSUGU
7.1 INTRODUCTION 173
7.2 ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS OF METAL COMPLEXES ON SINGLE-CRYSTAL
SURFACES 174
7.3 REACTION-INDUCED AND PHOTOINDUCED FORMATION OF UNSATURATED
RU COMPLEXES SUPPORTED ON SIC 2 SURFACES 177
7.4 MANGANESE TRIAZACYCLONONANE CATALYSTS GRAFTED UNDER REACTION
CONDITIONS 181
7.5 WELL-DEFINED SILICA-SUPPORTED MO-IMIDO ALKYLIDENE COMPLEXES FOR
METATHESIS 184
7.6 DOUBLE CATALYTIC ACTIVATION USING A BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYST WITH BOTH
ACID AND BASE ON SOLID SURFACES 186
7.7 SUMMARY 189
REFERENCES 189
8 DESIGNING POROUS INORGANIC ARCHITECTURES 193
JUAN A. MELERO, }OS6 IGLESIAS, AND GABRIEL
MORALES
8.1 INTRODUCTION 193
8.2 TEMPLATED METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ORDERED POROUS
MATERIALS 194
8.2.1 ORDERED MICROPOROUS MATERIALS: ZEOLITES AND ZEOTYPES 195
8.2.1.1 ZEOLITE SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTALLIZATION MECHANISM 196
8.2.1.2 NEW TRENDS IN ZEOLITE SYNTHESIS 199
8.2.1.2.1 ULTRALARGE PORE ZEOLITES 199
8.2.1.2.2 NANOCRYSTALLINE ZEOLITES 200
8.2.1.2.3 TWO-DIMENSIONAL (2D) ZEOLITES 201
8.2.1.2.4 HIERARCHICAL ZEOLITES 201
8.2.1.2.5 ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRID ZEOLITES 202
8.2.1.2.6 MULTIFUNCTIONAL ZEOLITES 202
8.2.1.3 ZEOLITES FOR CLEANER TECHNOLOGIES 202
8.2.2 ORDERED MESOPOROUS MATERIALS 203
8.2.2.1 SYNTHESIS OF MESOPOROUS MATERIALS: FORMATION MECHANISM 207
CONTENTS I XI
8.2.2.2 MODIFICATION OF MESOPOROUS MATERIALS: EXPANDING THEIR
APPLICATIONS 207
8.2.2.2.1 METAL-CONTAINING SILICA MESOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS 209
8.2.2.2.2 ORGANIC FUNCTIONALIZATION OF MESOPOROUS SILICA MATERIALS 211
8.2.2.2.3 PERIODIC MESOPOROUS ORGANOSILICAS (PMOS) 213
8.2.2.3 NEW TRENDS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF MESOPOROUS MATERIALS 214
8.2.2.3.1 MESOPOROUS NONSILICEOUS METALLIC OXIDE MATERIALS 214
8.2.2.3.2 MESOPOROUS MATERIALS WITH ZEOLITIC CRYSTAL WITHIN THE WALLS
215
8.2.2.3.3 MORPHOLOGY CONTROL IN MESOPOROUS MATERIALS: MESOPOROUS
NANOPARTICLES 216
8.2.2.3.4 NEW MORE COMPLICATED STRUCTURES 216
8.2.3 ORDERED MACROPOROUS MATERIALS 216
8.3 HIERARCHICAL POROUS MATERIALS 218
8.3.1 ORDERED MACROPOROUS-MESOPOROUS MATERIALS 218
8.3.2 ZEOLITES WITH HIERARCHICAL POROUS STRUCTURE: COMBINING MICROPOROUS
WITH MESO-/MACROPOROUS 219
8.3.2.1 OUTSTANDING PROPERTIES OF HIERARCHICAL ZEOLITES 220
8.3.2.1.1 INCREASE IN TOTAL AVAILABLE SURFACE AREA 220
8.3.2.1.2 ENHANCEMENT OF MASS TRANSFER 221
8.3.2.1.3 ROBUSTNESS AGAINST DEACTIVATION BY PORE BLOCKAGE 221
8.3.2.1.4 IMPROVED DISPERSION OF ACTIVE PHASES 221
8.3.2.2 APPROACHES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF HIERARCHICAL ZEOLITES 222
8.3.2.2.1 DEALUMINATION 222
8.3.2.2.2 DESILICATION 223
8.3.2.2.3 HARD TEMPLATING BY CARBON MATERIALS 224
8.3.2.2.4 HARD TEMPLATING BY POLYMERS 227
8.3.2.2.5 ORGANOSILANE-BASED METHODS 227
8.3.2.2.6 OTHER METHODS 229
8.3.2.3 CATALYTIC APPLICATIONS OF HIERARCHICAL ZEOLITES FOR CLEANER
TECHNOLOGIES 230
8.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS 233
REFERENCES 234
9 TAILORED NANOPARTICLES FOR CLEAN TECHNOLOGY - ACHIEVING SIZE AND
SHAPE CONTROL 241
VLADIMIR GOLOVKO
9.1 INTRODUCTION 241
9.2 SIZE EFFECTS-SETTING THE SCENE 242
9.2.1 EXAMPLES OF SIZE EFFECTS ON CATALYTIC CO OXIDATION USING METAL
NANOPARTICLES 246
9.3 SIZE EFFECTS ILLUSTRATED BY WAY OF EXAMPLES OF SELECTED INDUSTRIALLY
IMPORTANT REACTIONS 262
9.4 SHAPE EFFECTS 272
9.5 CONCLUSIONS 282
REFERENCES 283
XII
| CONTENTS
10 APPLICATION OF METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS IN FINE CHEMICAL
SYNTHESIS 293
JEROME CANIVET AND DAVID FARRUSSENG
10.1 METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS AS HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS 293
10.1.1 DIVERSITY OF METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK STRUCTURES 293
10.1.2 CATALYTIC FEATURES OF METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS 298
10.1.3 ENGINEERING METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS CATALYSTS BY POSTSYNTHETIC
MODIFICATION 299
10.1.4 CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNCTIONAL METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS 301
10.2 APPLICATIONS IN CARBON-CARBON BOND FORMATION 303
10.2.1 KNOEVENAGEL CONDENSATION 303
10.2.2 CYANOSILYLATION REACTIONS 306
10.2.3 SUZUKI-MIYAURA, ULLMANN, SONOGASHIRA, AND HECK COUPLING
REACTIONS 308
10.3 APPLICATIONS IN OXIDATION, CARBON-OXYGEN, AND CARBON-NITROGEN
BOND FORMATION 310
10.3.1 OXIDATION REACTIONS 310
10.3.1.1 ALCOHOL OXIDATION 310
10.3.1.2 SULFOXIDATION 311
10.3.1.3 EPOXIDATIONS 312
10.3.1.4 A-OXIDATION OF ALKENES TO GIVE CORRESPONDING ENOL OR ENONE 313
10.3.1.5 OXIDATION OF ALKANES TO GIVE ALCOHOLS OR KETONES 314
10.3.2 AZA-MICHAEL ADDITION 315
10.3.3 DOMINO COUPLING 316
10.4 APPLICATIONS IN ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS 316
10.4.1 ASYMMETRIC ALDOL REACTION 316
10.4.2 ASYMMETRIC OLEFIN EPOXIDATION 318
10.4.3 ASYMMETRIC DIETHYL ZINC ADDITION TO ALDEHYDES 319
10.4.4 ASYMMETRIC TRANSESTERIFICATION 320
10.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS 321
10.5.1 STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF MOF CATALYSTS: MORE DAVID THAN
GOLIATH 321
10.5.2 ENZYMES AS SOURCE OF INSPIRATION 322
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 325
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 325
REFERENCES 326
11 PROCESS INTENSIFICATION FOR CLEAN CATALYTIC TECHNOLOGY 333
ALBERT RENKEN
11.1 INTRODUCTION 333
11.2 EFFECT OF TRANSPORT PHENOMENA ON HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 334
11.3 INTENSIFICATION OF TRANSPORT PHENOMENA 340
11.3.1 PACKED BED REACTORS 340
11.3.2 CATALYTIC MICROSTRUCTURED REACTORS 342
11.3.2.1 CATALYTIC WALL MICROCHANNELS 342
CONTENTS
11.3.2.2 EXTERNAL MASS TRANSFER IN MICROCHANNELS 344
11.3.2.3 PRESSURE DROP IN MICROCHANNEL REACTORS 346
11.3.2.4 RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION IN MSR 348
11.3.3 STRUCTURED CATALYST 350
11.3.3.1 MONOLITHIC HONEYCOMBS 350
11.3.3.2 SOLID FOAMS 353
11.3.3.2.1 FIBER CATALYSTS 355
11.3.4 SUPPORTED IONIC LIQUIDS ON MICROSTRUCTURED SUPPORTS 358
11.4 CONCLUSION 360
LIST OF SYMBOLS 361
REFERENCES 362
12 RECENT TRENDS IN OPERANDO AND
IN SITU
CHARACTERIZATION: TECHNIQUES
FOR RATIONAL DESIGN OF CATALYSTS 365
ANDREW M. BEALE,JAN PHILIPP HOFINANN, MEENAKSHISUNDARAM SANKAR,
EVELIEN M. VAN SCHROJENSTEIN LANTMAN, AND BERT M. WECKHUYSEN
12.1 INTRODUCTION 365
12.2 CATALYST NASCENCE 366
12.3 SYNTHESIS OF SILICALITE-1 MOLECULAR SIEVES 367
12.3.1 SYNTHESIS 367
12.3.2 IN SITU ANALYSIS 367
12.3.3 PHYSICOCHEMICAL METHODS 369
12.3.4 MOLECULAR METHODS 369
12.3.4.1 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 370
12.3.4.2 VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY 370
12.3.4.3 DIFFRACTION AND SCATTERING METHODS 371
12.3.4.3.1 X-RAY DIFFRACTION 371
12.3.4.3.2 SMALL X-RAY SCATTERING 371
12.3.4.3.3 LIGHT SCATTERING 372
12.3.5 COMBINATION OF TECHNIQUES 372
12.4 PREPARATION OF SUPPORTED METAL CATALYSTS 373
12.4.1 IMPREGNATION 374
12.4.1.1 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 374
12.4.1.2 DIAGONAL OFFSET RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY 375
12.4.2 CALCINATION AND ACTIVATION 376
12.4.2.1 X-RAY DIFFRACTION IMAGING 377
12.4.2.2 INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY 379
12.5 CATALYST LIFE 380
12.6 ELUCIDATING THE REACTION MECHANISM OF AEROBIC OXIDATION OF BENZYL
ALCOHOL 381
12.7 DETERMINATION OF THE ACTIVE SITES IN AEROBIC OXIDATION OF BENZYL
ALCOHOL 385
12.8 CATALYST DEATH 392
12.9 METHANOL TO HYDROCARBONS 392
12.9.1 IN SITU MICROSPECTROSCOPY OF H-ZSM-5 MOLECULAR SIEVES 394
XIV
| CONTENTS
12.9.2 IN SITU NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE OF H-SAPO-34 AND H-ZSM-5
MOLECULAR SIEVES 398
12.10 PROPANE DEHYDROGENATION 400
12.10.1 SUPPORTED METAL CATALYST MATERIALS 400
12.10.2 SUPPORTED METAL OXIDE CATALYSTS 404
12.11 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 406
REFERENCES 407
13 APPLICATION OF NMR IN ONLINE MONITORING OF CATALYST
PERFORMANCE 413
MICHAEL NEUGEBAUER AND MICHAEL MAIWALD
13.1 ONLINE MONITORING WITH NMR SPECTROSCOPY 413
13.1.1 OPERANDO AND IN SITU METHODS 413
13.1.2 REACTION MONITORING AND PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGY 414
13.1.3 BENEFITS OF ONLINE NMR SPECTROSCOPY 414
13.1.4 FUNDAMENTALS OF NMR SPECTROSCOPY 415
13.1.5 ADVANCED EXPERIMENTS 417
13.2 QUANTITATIVE NMR SPECTROSCOPY IN TECHNICAL SAMPLES 417
13.2.1 TECHNICAL SAMPLES 417
13.2.1.1 DEUTERIUM-FREE SAMPLES AND SOLVENT SUPPRESSION TECHNIQUES 418
13.2.1.2 SOLVENT SUPPRESSION TECHNIQUES FOR QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTS 418
13.2.2 REACTING SAMPLES 419
13.2.3 ACQUISITION PARAMETERS 420
13.2.4 SIGNAL INTEGRATION AND PEAK DECONVOLUTION 421
13.3 FLOW AND HIGH-PRESSURE NMR SPECTROSCOPY FOR REACTION
MONITORING 422
13.3.1 FLOWING SAMPLES 423
13.3.2 FLOW SCHEME AND HYPHENATION 423
13.3.3 RESIDENCE TIMES 425
13.3.4 HIGH-PRESSURE NMR SPECTROSCOPY 426
13.4 SELECTED APPLICATIONS OF NMR IN ONLINE MONITORING OF CATALYST
PERFORMANCE 426
13.4.1 REACTION MONITORING OF HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS LIQUID
REACTIONS 426
13.4.1.1 ESTER FORMATION - ACTIVITY STUDY OF A HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST
FOR A
REACTIVE DISTILLATION PROCESS 426
13.4.1.2 INVESTIGATIONS OF AN ESTER FORMATION PRODUCT AT LOW
CONCENTRATION 428
13.4.1.3 DETERMINATION OF EXCHANGE RATES AND EXCHANGE PATHWAYS 428
13.4.2 DIRECT MONITORING OF CATALYSTS IN HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS 430
13.4.2.1 MAS NMR SPECTROSCOPY 430
13.4.2.2 IN SITU FLOW MAS NMR SPECTROSCOPY 431
13.5 CONCLUSIONS 433
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 434
REFERENCES 434
CONTENTS | XV
14 AMBIENT-PRESSURE X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY 437
ANDREY SHAVORSKIY AND HENDRIK BLUHM
14.1 INTRODUCTION 437
14.2 TECHNICAL ASPECTS 438
14.2.1 BASIC CONCEPT 438
14.2.2 ATTENUATION OF ELECTRONS BY THE GAS PHASE 441
14.2.3 INTERACTION OF X-RAYS WITH THE GAS PHASE 443
14.2.4 PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY OF THE GAS PHASE 443
14.2.5 SAMPLE CONTAMINATION 443
14.2.6 MEASUREMENT OF INSULATING SAMPLES 444
14.2.7 OTHER ASPECTS 444
14.3 APPLICATIONS OF APXPS 445
14.3.1 INTERACTION OF WATER VAPOR WITH METAL OXIDE SURFACES 446
14.3.2 CHEMISTRY OF CHIRAL MOLECULES ON METAL SURFACES 450
14.3.3 INVESTIGATION OF CARBON NANOTUBE (CNT)-BASED CATALYSTS 453
14.3.3.1 OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION OF ALKANES ON PRISTINE AND
PHOSPHOROUS-DOPED CNTS 453
14.3.3.2 GROWTH OF CNTS ON CONDUCTIVE SUPPORTS 453
14.3.4 SELECTIVE CO OXIDATION IN HYDROGEN ON PT/CE02 AND PD/CE02 457
14.3.5 APPLICATION OF APXPS TO ELECTROCHEMISTRY 460
14.4 OUDOOK 464
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 465
REFERENCES 465
INDEX 469
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| bvnumber | BV041389610 |
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| classification_tum | CHE 167f CHE 050f |
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| dewey-raw | 541.395 |
| dewey-search | 541.395 |
| dewey-sort | 3541.395 |
| dewey-tens | 540 - Chemistry and allied sciences |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Chemie |
| format | Electronic eBook |
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| id | DE-604.BV041389610 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:55:37Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783527658985 9783527658992 9783527659005 9783527659012 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026837419 |
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| spelling | Heterogeneous catalysts for clean technology spectroscopy, design, and monitoring ed. by Karen Wilson ... Weinheim Wiley-VCH 2014 1 Online-Ressource txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Online-Ausg. 2013 erschienen Heterogene Katalyse (DE-588)4123377-3 gnd rswk-swf Grüne Chemie (DE-588)7563215-9 gnd rswk-swf Katalysator (DE-588)4029919-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Heterogene Katalyse (DE-588)4123377-3 s Katalysator (DE-588)4029919-3 s Grüne Chemie (DE-588)7563215-9 s b DE-604 Wilson, Karen Helen Simone 1970- Sonstige (DE-588)173436943 oth Erscheint auch als Druckausgabe 978-3-527-33213-7 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9783527658985 Verlag Volltext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026837419&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Heterogeneous catalysts for clean technology spectroscopy, design, and monitoring Heterogene Katalyse (DE-588)4123377-3 gnd Grüne Chemie (DE-588)7563215-9 gnd Katalysator (DE-588)4029919-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4123377-3 (DE-588)7563215-9 (DE-588)4029919-3 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Heterogeneous catalysts for clean technology spectroscopy, design, and monitoring |
| title_auth | Heterogeneous catalysts for clean technology spectroscopy, design, and monitoring |
| title_exact_search | Heterogeneous catalysts for clean technology spectroscopy, design, and monitoring |
| title_full | Heterogeneous catalysts for clean technology spectroscopy, design, and monitoring ed. by Karen Wilson ... |
| title_fullStr | Heterogeneous catalysts for clean technology spectroscopy, design, and monitoring ed. by Karen Wilson ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heterogeneous catalysts for clean technology spectroscopy, design, and monitoring ed. by Karen Wilson ... |
| title_short | Heterogeneous catalysts for clean technology |
| title_sort | heterogeneous catalysts for clean technology spectroscopy design and monitoring |
| title_sub | spectroscopy, design, and monitoring |
| topic | Heterogene Katalyse (DE-588)4123377-3 gnd Grüne Chemie (DE-588)7563215-9 gnd Katalysator (DE-588)4029919-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Heterogene Katalyse Grüne Chemie Katalysator Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9783527658985 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026837419&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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