Endocrine and neuropsychiatric disorders:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia, Pa.
Elsevier
2013
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| Schriftenreihe: | Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
42,3 |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII S., S. 435 - 656 Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9780323188524 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Endocrine and neuropsychiatric disorders
Autor: Geer, Eliza B
Jahr: 2013
Endocrine and Neuropsychiatrie Disorders
Contents
Foreword
Derek LeRoith
Preface
Eliza B. Geer
Regulation of Endocrine on Neuropsychiatrie Systems
Sex Steroids and Variants of Gender Identity 435
Heino F.L. Meyer-Bahlburg
This article summarizes for the practicing endocrinologist the current
literature on the psychobiology of the development of gender identity
and its variants in individuals with disorders of sex development (DSD) or
with non-DSD transgenderism. Gender reassignment remains the treat-
ment of choice for strong and persistent gender dysphoria in both
categories, but more research is needed on the short-term and long-
term effects of puberty-suppressing medications and cross-sex hormones
on brain and behavior.
Neuropsychiatrie Manifestations of Thyroid Disease 453
Anna Z. Feldman, Rupendra T. Shrestha, and James V. Hennessey
The interface between thyroid hormone action and neuropsychiatrie func-
tion is intricate, and several mechanisms of thyroid hormone uptake into
brain tissues, hormone activation, and influences on neurotransmitter
generation have been identified. Symptoms of hypothyroidism are nonspe-
cific, whereas those attributed to thyrotoxicosis may be more characteris-
tic. Neuropsychiatrie manifestations triggered by thyroid dysfunction likely
respond well to reestablishment of the euthyroid state, although some
patients have persistent complaints. The addition of LT3 to ongoing LT4
replacement has yet to be definitively shown to be advantageous. Treat-
ment of euthyroid depression with LT3 in addition to antidepressant therapy
lacks convincing evidence of superior outcomes.
Neuropsychiatrie Findings in Cushing Syndrome and Exogenous Glucocorticoid
Administration 477
Monica N. Starkman
This article reviews the neuropsychiatrie presentations elicited by sponta-
neous hypercortisolism and exogenous supraphysiologic glucocorticoids.
Patients with Cushing disease and syndrome develop a depressive
syndrome: irritable and depressed mood, decreased libido, disrupted
sleep and cognitive decrements. Exogenous short-term glucocorticoid
viii Contents
administration may elicit a hypomanic syndrome with mood, sleep and
cognitive disruptions. Treatment options are discussed. Brain imaging
and neuropsychological studies indicate elevated Cortisol and other
glucocorticoids are especially deleterious to hippocampus and frontal
lobe. The research findings also shed light on neuropsychiatrie abnormal-
ities in conditions that have substantial subgroups exhibiting elevated and
dysregulated Cortisol: aging, major depressive disorder and Alzheimer
disease.
Type 2 Diabetes and Cognitive Compromise: Potential Roles of Diabetes-Related
Therapies 489
Efrat Kravitz, James Schmeidler, and Michal Schnaider Beeri
Type 2 diabetes, like dementia, disproportionately affects the elderly.
Diabetes has consistently been associated with risk of dementia, mild
cognitive impairment, and cognitive decline suggesting that cognitive
compromise is a deleterious manifestation of diabetes. This review sum-
marizes observational studies and clinical trials of diabetes medications
and their respective associations and effects on cognitive outcomes.
Despite biological plausibility, results from most human clinical trials
have failed to show any efficacy in treating Alzheimer disease symptom-
atology and pathology. Clinical trials targeting vascular-related outcomes,
diabetic patients, or cognitively normal elderly at risk for dementia, may
provide greater cognitive benefits.
Regulation of Psychiatric on Endocrine Systems
Endocrine Aspects of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Implications for
Diagnosis and Treatment 503
Nikolaos P. Daskalakis, Amy Lehrner, and Rachel Yehuda
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious, multisystem disorder
with multiple medical comorbidities. This article reviews the current litera-
ture on the endocrine aspects of PTSD, specifically hypothalamic-pitui-
tary-adrenal axis alterations indicative of low Cortisol and increased
glucocorticoid sensitivity, and the proposed mechanisms whereby these
alterations increase risk or reflect pathophysiology. Discussion includes
novel treatment innovations and directions for future research.
Endocrine Effects of Anorexia Nervosa 515
Karen Klahr Miller
A key feature of anorexia nervosa, a disease primarily psychiatric in origin,
is chronic starvation, which results in profound neuroendocrine dysregula-
tion, including hypogonadism, relative growth hormone resistance, and
hypercortisolemia. A recent area of investigation is appetite hormone dys-
regulation. Whether such dysregulation is compensatory or plays a role in
the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa is incompletely understood. The
primary therapy for anorexia remains psychiatric, and endocrine abnor-
malities tend to improve with weight restoration, although residual endo-
crine dysfunction can occur. In addition, therapies directed at specific
complications have been a particular focus of research.
Contents ix
Adverse Effects of Depression on Glycemic Control and Health Outcomes in
People with Diabetes: A Review 52g
François Pouwer, Giesje Nefs, and Arie Nouwen
In the past decades, important advances have been achieved in the
psychological aspects of diabetes. This article reviews the associations
between diabetes, depression, and adverse health outcomes. The article
provides an update on the literature regarding the prevalence of depres-
sion in diabetes, discusses the impact of depression on diabetes self-
care and glycemic control in people with diabetes, and summarizes the
results of longitudinal studies that have investigated depression as a risk
factor for adverse health outcomes.
Effect of External Influences (Drugs, Trauma, Sleep) on Endocrine Function
Effects of Antipsychotic Medications on Appetite, Weight, and Insulin Resistance 545
Chao Deng
Although clozapine, olanzapine, and other atypical antipsychotic drugs
(APDs) have fewer extrapyramidal side effects, they have serious meta-
bolic side effects such as substantial weight gain, intra-abdominal obesity,
and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Given that most patients with mental disor-
ders face chronic, even life-long, treatment with APDs, the risks of weight
gain/obesity and other metabolic symptoms are major considerations for
APD maintenance treatment. This review focuses on the effects of APDs
on weight gain, appetite, insulin resistance, and glucose dysregulation,
and the relevant underlying mechanisms that may be help to prevent
and treat metabolic side effects caused by APD therapy.
The Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Pituitary Function 565
Nina K. Sundaram, Eliza B. Geer, and Brian D. Greenwald
It is paramount that clinicians who care for patients with traumatic brain
injury (TBI) at any point in time, including neurosurgeons, rehabilitation
physicians, internists, neurologists, and endocrinologists, are aware of
the prevalence of posttraumatic hypopituitarism and its impacts on acute
and long-term recovery. This article reviews the natural history, patho-
physiology, and presenting features of hypopituitarism occurring after
TBI. Proposed methodologies for screening, diagnosis, and initiation of
treatment are discussed, as well as the effect of hormone replacement
therapy on clinical outcomes.
Drug Addiction and Sexual Dysfunction 585
Adham Zaazaa, Anthony J. Bella, and Rany Shamloul
This article attempts to review the most current and the well-established facts
concerning drug addiction and sexual dysfunction. Surprisingly, even though
alcohol is prevalent in many societies with many myths surrounding its
sexual-enhancing effects, current scientific research cannot provide a solid
conclusion on its effect on sexual function. Unfortunately, the same concept
applies to tobacco smoking; however, most of the current knowledge tends
to support the notion that it, indeed, can negatively affect sexual function.
Similar ambiguities also prevail with substances of abuse.
x Contents
Effects of Alcohol on the Endocrine System 593
Nadia Rachdaoui and Dipak K. Sarkar
Chronic consumption of a large amount of alcohol disrupts the communi-
cation between nervous, endocrine, and immune system and causes
hormonal disturbances that lead to profound and serious consequences
at physiologic and behavioral levels. These alcohol-induced hormonal
dysregulations affect the entire body and can result in various disorders
such as stress abnormalities, reproductive deficits, body growth defect,
thyroid problems, immune dysfunction, cancers, bone disease, and psy-
chological and behavioral disorders. This review summarizes the findings
from human and animal studies that provide consistent evidence on the
various effects of alcohol abuse on the endocrine system.
Sleep Disorders and the Development of Insulin Resistance and Obesity 617
Omar Mesarwi, Jan Polak, Jonathan Jun, and Vsevolod Y. Polotsky
Normal sleep is characterized both by reduced glucose turnover by the
brain and other metabolically active tissues, and by changes in glucose
tolerance. Sleep duration has decreased over the last several decades;
data suggest a link between short sleep duration and type 2 diabetes.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) results in intermittent hypoxia and sleep
fragmentation, and also is associated with impaired glucose tolerance.
Obesity is a major risk factor for OSA, but whether OSA leads to obesity
is unclear. The quality and quantity of sleep may profoundly affect obesity
and glucose tolerance, and should be routinely assessed by clinicians.
Index
635
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| spelling | Endocrine and neuropsychiatric disorders ed. Eliza B. Geer Philadelphia, Pa. Elsevier 2013 XVIII S., S. 435 - 656 Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America 42,3 Clinics review articles Geer, Eliza B. (DE-588)1043140093 edt Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America 42,3 (DE-604)BV000625447 42,3 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026826806&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Endocrine and neuropsychiatric disorders Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America |
| title | Endocrine and neuropsychiatric disorders |
| title_auth | Endocrine and neuropsychiatric disorders |
| title_exact_search | Endocrine and neuropsychiatric disorders |
| title_full | Endocrine and neuropsychiatric disorders ed. Eliza B. Geer |
| title_fullStr | Endocrine and neuropsychiatric disorders ed. Eliza B. Geer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Endocrine and neuropsychiatric disorders ed. Eliza B. Geer |
| title_short | Endocrine and neuropsychiatric disorders |
| title_sort | endocrine and neuropsychiatric disorders |
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