Soils in natural landscapes:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton [u.a.]
CRC Press
2014
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 307 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781466594357 1466594357 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Alexander, Earl B. |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1044996749 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Soils in natural landscapes |c Earl B. Alexander |
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton [u.a.] |b CRC Press |c 2014 | |
| 300 | |a XI, 307 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Soils | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Soil ecology | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Bodenökologie |0 (DE-588)4332816-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026816922 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804151457597882368 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
About the Author
Chapter
1
Chapter
2
Soils, Landscapes, and Ecosystems
1.1
Concepts of Soils
1.2
Soil from the Bottom Up and from the Top Down
1.3
Soils, Landscapes, and Ecosystems
1.4
Global Perspective
1.5
Land Use
1.6
Land Management
Questions
Supplemental Reading
Soil Parent Material, Weathering, and
Primary Particles
2.1
Parent Material
2.2
Weathering
2.3
Primary Soil Particles
2.3.1
Particle Size
Particle Size Distribution (Soil Texture)
Particle Shape
Particle Composition
2.4
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
Clay
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
Clay Minerals
Clay Properties
Clay Mineral Distribution
2.5
Ion Exchange and the Soil Solution
IX
xi
1
2
4
6
8
9
9
10
12
13
13
16
IS
18
19
20
22
22
22
26
28
28
III
IV
CONTENTS
Chapter
3
Chapter
4
Note on Units of Measure
Problems
Questions
Supplemental Reading
Soil Architecture —Structural Units
and Horizons
Chapter
5
3.1
Soil Structure
3.2
Soil Pores and Soil Density
3.2.1
Note on Units of Measure
3.3
Soil Strength
3.4
Ecosystem Effects of Soil Structure
3.5
Soil Horizons and Pedons
3.5.1
Soil Horizons
3.5.1.1
Organic Layers in Well-Drained Soils
3.5.1.2
Organic Layers in Wet Soils
3.5.1.3
A Horizons
3.5.1.4
E
Horizons
3.5.1.5
В
Horizons
3.5.1.6
С
Horizons
3.5.1.7
R
Layers
3.5.1.8
Soil Horizon Suffix Designations
3.5.2
Pedons and Soil Description
3.5.2.1
Pedon Definition
3.5.2.2
Pedon Description
Problems
Questions
Supplemental Reading
Heat and Soil Temperature
4.1
Sources of Heat and Heat Transfer at the Surface
of Earth
4.1.1
Variations in Energy Flow to and from Earth
4.1.2
Latitudinal and Slope Effects
4.1.3
Ground Cover and Soil Color
4.1.4
Heat Exchange in Soils
4.2
Soil Temperatures
4.3
Soil Temperature Regimes
4.4
Soil Temperature Effects
Note on Units of Measure
Questions
Supplemental Reading
Soil Water, Air, and Climate
5.1 Infiltration
of Water into Soils
5.2
Energy Status and Disposition of Water in Soils
30
31
32
32
35
35
39
41
41
42
43
43
45
45
46
46
46
47
47
47
47
47
48
49
50
50
53
53
57
59
60
60
61
63
64
65
65
66
67
68
69
CONTENTS
V
5.3
Water Storage and Air in Soils
70
5.3.1
Field Capacity
70
5.3.2
Wilting Point
70
5.3.3
Saturation
71
5.3.4
Aeration Porosity
71
5.3.5
Available Water Capacity
71
5.3.6
Solute, or Osmotic, Potential
73
5.3.7
Some Management Implications
74
5.4
Movement of Water and Air in Soils
75
5.4.1
Soil Permeability
76
5.4.2
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity
76
5.4.3
Direction of Flow
77
5.4.4
Water Tables
78
5.5
Evaporation and Transpiration
78
5.6
Composition
oí
Air in the Soil Atmosphere
79
5.7
Landscape Perspective
80
5.8
Global Patterns of Precipitation
82
Problems
85
Questions
87
Supplemental Reading
88
Chapter
6
Soil Classification
—
Kinds of Soils
89
6.1
Organization of the USDA System, Soil Taxonomy
90
6.2
Diagnostic Horizons
91
6.2.1
Epipedons
91
6.2.2
Subsurface Diagnostic Horizons, or Layers
93
6.3
Soil Temperature and Moisture Regimes
94
6.3.1
Soil Temperature Regimes
94
6.3.2
Soil Moisture Regimes
95
6.4
Order and Lower Levels
oí
Soil Taxonomy
96
6.4.1
Orders of Soil Taxonomy
97
6.4.2
Suborders, Groups, and Subgroups
97
6.4.3
Soil Families and Series
98
6.5
World Reference Base (WRB)
99
6.6
Features of Soils in the Twelve Orders
oí
Soil Taxonomy
99
6.6.1
Gelisols
100
6.6.2
Histosols
100
6.6.3
Spodosols
101
6.6.4
Andisols
101
6.6.5
Oxisols
103
6.6.6
Vertisols
103
6.6.7
Aridisols
105
6.6.8
Ultisols
106
6.6.9
Mollisols
106
6.6.10
Alfisols
107
6.6.11
Inceptisols
108
6.6.12
Entisols
108
VI
CONTENTS
Chapter
7
Chapter
8
Chapter
9
6.7
(ïlobal
Distributions
ot
Soil·
6.
Я
i lydric
Soils
Questions
Supple me
n
tal
Reading
Soils and Landscapes
7.1
Lithologv and Stratigraphy
Landtonns and I opography
Climate
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
108
109
109
110
111
111
113
117
Biota (Plants, Animals, and Other Living Organisms)
123
Plant Communities and Kcosvstems
124
Soils and Time
1 24
Soil and Ideological Landscape Maps
127
Questions
130
Supplemental Reading
132
Pri
mary
Production and Plant Nutrition
133
8.1
Primary Productivity
133
8.2
Plants in the Physical Environment and Photosynthesis
134
8.3
Role of Soils in Plant Nutrition
137
8.3.1
Nitrogen
138
8.3.2
Phosphorus
140
8.3.3
Sulfur
143
8.3.4
Sodium and Potassium
144
8.3.5
Calcium and Magnesium
144
8.3.6
Boron
145
8.3.7
Chlorine
146
8.3.8
Transition Elements
146
8.4
Potential Plant Productivity
150
Questions
152
Supplemental Reading
152
Soil Organisms: Life in Soils
155
9.1
Faunal and Microorganism Habitats
156
9.2
Viruses
157
9.3
Main Kinds of Organisms Living in Soils
158
9.3.1
Archaea
160
9.3.2
Eubacteria
160
9.3.3
Protoctists
163
9.3.4
Algae
164
9.3.5
Fungi
164
9.3.6
Animals
(Ammalia)
166
9.3.7
Plants
173
9.4
Soil Ecology
175
Questions
176
Supplemental Reading
177
contents
vii
Chapter
10
Soil Organic Matter
179
10.1
Sources of Organic Matter and Its Composition
in Plant Tissues
179
10.2
Decomposition of Organic Matter
183
10.3
Composition of Soil Organic Matter
184
10.4
Distributions of Soil Organic Matter
188
10.5
Functions of Soil Organic Matter
191
Problems
192
Questions
193
Supplemental Reading
194
Chapter
1 1
Soils and Global Processes
195
11.1
Crust of Earth
195
11.2
Free Water Balance
199
11.3
Carbon Cycle
202
11.4
Ancient Climates, Plants, Weathering,
and Atmospheric CO2 and Methane
207
11.5
Nitrogen Cycle
209
11.6
Sulfur Cycle
211
11.7
Acid Rain, Water, and Soils
213
11.8
Phosphorus Cycle
215
11.9
Nutrient Cycling and Plant (Site) Productivity
217
Questions
218
Supplemental Reading
220
Chapter
12
Land Management and Soil Quality
221
12.1
Types of Use and Management for Different Lands
221
12.2
Water
223
12.3
Soil Degradation
224
12.3.1
Loss of Organic Matter
226
12.3.2
Compaction
226
12.3.3
Erosion
229
12.4
Diversity of Plants and Animals
231
12.5
Soil Quality
232
12.5.1
Aspects of Soil Quality
232
12.5.2
Indicators of Soil Quality and Soil Condition
233
12.6
Degraded Landscapes and Soils
235
Questions
237
Supplemental Reading
238
Glossary
239
Appendix A: Extensive and Intensive Properties
and Flow of Heat, Air, and Water in Soils
245
Appendix B: Forms of Life
247
Appendix C: Notes on the Elemental Nutrition
of Living Organisms
253
VIII
CONTENTS
Appendix
D:
Rock Classification for Nongeologists
255
Appendix E: Naming the Suborders, Great Groups,
and Subgroups in Soil Taxonomy
267
Appendix F:
Taxonomic
Names of the Plants
273
References
277
Index
289
|
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| isbn | 9781466594357 1466594357 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Alexander, Earl B. Verfasser (DE-588)1044996749 aut Soils in natural landscapes Earl B. Alexander Boca Raton [u.a.] CRC Press 2014 XI, 307 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Soils Soil ecology Bodenökologie (DE-588)4332816-7 gnd rswk-swf Boden (DE-588)4007348-8 gnd rswk-swf Boden (DE-588)4007348-8 s Bodenökologie (DE-588)4332816-7 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026816922&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Alexander, Earl B. Soils in natural landscapes Soils Soil ecology Bodenökologie (DE-588)4332816-7 gnd Boden (DE-588)4007348-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4332816-7 (DE-588)4007348-8 |
| title | Soils in natural landscapes |
| title_auth | Soils in natural landscapes |
| title_exact_search | Soils in natural landscapes |
| title_full | Soils in natural landscapes Earl B. Alexander |
| title_fullStr | Soils in natural landscapes Earl B. Alexander |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soils in natural landscapes Earl B. Alexander |
| title_short | Soils in natural landscapes |
| title_sort | soils in natural landscapes |
| topic | Soils Soil ecology Bodenökologie (DE-588)4332816-7 gnd Boden (DE-588)4007348-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Soils Soil ecology Bodenökologie Boden |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026816922&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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