Principles of sustainable energy systems:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.]
CRC Press
2014
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 752 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781466556966 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Principles of sustainable energy systems |c ed. by Frank Kreith ... |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.] |b CRC Press |c 2014 | |
| 300 | |a XXV, 752 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Literaturangaben | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Energieerzeugung |0 (DE-588)4070813-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Erneuerbare Energien |0 (DE-588)4068598-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Nachhaltigkeit |0 (DE-588)4326464-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Erneuerbare Energien |0 (DE-588)4068598-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Energieerzeugung |0 (DE-588)4070813-5 |D s |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026813513 | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804151451964932096 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Principles of sustainable energy systems
Autor: Kreith, Frank
Jahr: 2014
Contents
Foreword......................................................................................................................................xix
Preface...........................................................................................................................................xxi
Acknowledgments....................................................................................................................xxiii
Contributors................................................................................................................................xxv
1. Introduction to Sustainable Energy....................................................................................1
1.1 Sustainability Principles..............................................................................................1
1.1.1 Energy Crisis: Security Issues........................................................................2
1.1.2 Sustainable Development...............................................................................4
1.1.3 Sustainability Principles in Practice..............................................................4
1.1.4 Challenges for Sustainability Engineering..................................................6
1.2 Carrying Capacity and Exponential Growth............................................................6
1.2.1 Population Issue...............................................................................................6
1.2.2 Water Issue........................................................................................................8
1.2.3 Food Supply Issues........................................................................................13
1.2.4 Energy Issue...................................................................................................14
1.2.5 Exponential Growth Issue............................................................................16
1.3 Context for Sustainable Energy.................................................................................19
1.3.1 Historical Energy Development in the United States...............................19
1.3.2 Current Energy Use.......................................................................................20
1.3.3 Future Energy Scenarios for the United States..........................................21
1.4 Key Sustainability Considerations...........................................................................24
1.4.1 Energy Economic Efficiency.........................................................................24
1.4.2 Energy Return on Energy Invested.............................................................25
1.4.3 Cost of Energy Production...........................................................................28
1.4.4 Cost of Time and Uncertainty......................................................................29
1.4.5 Other Costs of Energy Development..........................................................31
1.5 Energy Efficiency and Conservation........................................................................33
1.5.1 Energy End-Use Demand Reduction in Buildings...................................33
1.5.2 Energy End-Use Demand Reduction in Transportation..........................37
1.5.3 Energy Management in Industry and Manufacturing............................38
1.6 Energy from Fossil Fuels............................................................................................38
1.6.1 Emissions from Fossil Fuels.........................................................................39
1.6.2 Natural Gas.....................................................................................................42
1.6.3 Petroleum........................................................................................................44
1.6.4 Coal..................................................................................................................45
1.6.5 Carbon Capture and Sequestration.............................................................46
1.6.6 Industrial Waste Heat....................................................................................48
1.7 Nuclear Energy............................................................................................................49
1.7.1 Nuclear Power Conversion Technology.....................................................51
1.7.2 Nuclear Disasters...........................................................................................53
1.7.3 Uranium Resources.......................................................................................54
ix
Contents
1.8 Renewable Energy.......................................................................................................55
1.8.1 Geothermal Energy.......................................................................................56
1.8.2 Biomass and Biofuel......................................................................................59
1.8.3 Hydroelectric Generation.............................................................................60
1.8.4 Wind Energy...................................................................................................62
1.8.5 Solar Energy...................................................................................................63
1.9 Hydrogen......................................................................................................................64
1.10 NREL System Advisor Model...................................................................................67
Energy Units and Conversion Factors................................................................................70
Problems..................................................................................................................................71
Discussion Questions............................................................................................................74
Online Resources....................................................................................................................75
References...............................................................................................................................77
Suggested Readings...............................................................................................................80
2. Economics of Energy Generation and Conservation Systems....................................81
2.1 Unit Cost of Energy....................................................................................................81
2.2 Payback Period............................................................................................................82
2.3 Time Value of Money..................................................................................................83
2.4 Inflation........................................................................................................................86
2.5 Societal and Environmental Costs...........................................................................87
2.6 Total Life Cycle Costs.................................................................................................90
*2.7 Internal Rate of Return...............................................................................................91
2.8 Capital Recovery Factor.............................................................................................96
2.9 Levelized Cost of Energy...........................................................................................98
2.10 Input-Output Analysis............................................................................................103
2.11 Energy System Analysis Methodologies...............................................................104
2.11.1 Process Chain Analysis...............................................................................105
2.11.2 Embedded Energy.......................................................................................107
2.12 Energy Return on Energy Invested........................................................................112
2.12.1 Calculation of EROI.....................................................................................114
2.12.2 EROI and Energy Budgets..........................................................................120
2.13 EROI for a Wind Energy System.............................................................................123
*2.14 EROI for Nuclear Power...........................................................................................125
*2.15 Relation between Energy Return on Investment and Monetary Return
on Investment.......................................................................................................................128
Problems................................................................................................................................130
References.............................................................................................................................132
3. Wind Energy........................................................................................................................135
Contributing Author: Gary E. Pawlas
3.1 Wind Power in a Nutshell........................................................................................135
3.2 Power and Energy.....................................................................................................137
3.3 Fact or Fiction: Common Questions about Wind Turbines.................................139
3.3.1 Noise Issues..................................................................................................I40
3.3.2 Lifetime Environmental Impact................................................................140
3.3.3 Bird and Bat Kills.........................................................................................I41
Contents xi
3.4 History of Wind Turbine Development: HAWTs and VAWTs...........................142
3.4.1 VAWTs...........................................................................................................144
3.4.2 HAWTs..........................................................................................................144
3.5 Introduction to Wind Turbine Performance.........................................................145
3.6 Aerodynamics...........................................................................................................146
3.7 Wind Characteristics................................................................................................149
3.7.1 Wind Generation..........................................................................................149
3.7.2 Distribution of Wind...................................................................................150
3.7.3 Wind Speed Increasing with Height.........................................................152
3.7.4 Log Law Wind Speed Profile.....................................................................152
3.7.5 Power Law Wind Speed Profile.................................................................154
3.7.6 Probability of Observing a Given Wind Speed.......................................155
3.8 Turbine Performance................................................................................................159
3.8.1 Control Schemes..........................................................................................169
3.9 Cost of Energy...........................................................................................................170
3.9.1 Definitions.....................................................................................................171
3.10 WindFarms...............................................................................................................174
3.11 Offshore Wind Energy.............................................................................................178
3.12 System Advisory Model...........................................................................................183
3.13 Additional Topics for Study.....................................................................................192
Acknowledgment.................................................................................................................192
Problems................................................................................................................................192
References.............................................................................................................................195
Capturing Solar Energy through Biomass....................................................................199
Contributing Authors: Robert C. Brown and Mark M. Wright
4.1 Biomass Production and Land Use........................................................................199
4.1.1 Waste Materials............................................................................................200
4.1.2 Energy Crops................................................................................................201
4.1.3 Algae..............................................................................................................203
4.1.4 Land Use for Biomass Production.............................................................204
4.1.5 Important Properties of Biomass...............................................................208
4.2 Biomass Process Economics and Technology.......................................................211
4.2.1 Biomass Process Economics.......................................................................211
4.2.2 Conversion of Biomass to Gaseous Fuels.................................................213
4.2.2.1 Biomass to Biogas.........................................................................213
4.2.2.2 Biomass to Synthetic Gas............................................................214
4.2.3 Conversion of Biomass to Liquid Fuels....................................................218
4.2.3.1 Com Ethanol.................................................................................219
4.2.3.2 Cellulosic Ethanol.........................................................................220
4.2.3.3 Biomass Fermentation to Alternative Fuels..............................222
4.2.3.4 Biomass to Fischer-Tropsch Liquids.........................................222
4.2.3.5 Biomass Pyrolysis Oil to Gasoline and Diesel.........................223
4.2.3.6 Compressed Gases as Transportation Fuel..............................225
4.2.3.7 Modern Concepts in Biofuel Conversion..................................225
4.2.4 Conversion of Biomass to Electricity.........................................................228
4.2.4.1 Direct Combustion.......................................................................229
xu Contents
4.2.4.2 Combustion Equipment..............................................................230
4.2.4.3 Biomass Cofiring..........................................................................232
4.2.5 Fossil and Biomass Fuel Properties...........................................................232
4.3 Conclusions................................................................................................................234
Problems................................................................................................................................234
References.............................................................................................................................237
5. Fundamentals of Solar Radiation...................................................................................241
5.1 Physics of the Sun and Its Energy Transport........................................................241
5.2 Thermal Radiation Fundamentals..........................................................................242
5.2.1 Black-Body Radiation..................................................................................243
5.2.2 Radiation Function Tables..........................................................................244
5.2.3 Intensity of Radiation and Shape Factor..................................................247
5.2.4 Transmission of Radiation through a Medium.......................................249
5.3 Sun-Earth Geometrie Relationship........................................................................250
5.3.1 Solar Time and Angles................................................................................254
5.3.2 Sun-Path Diagram........................................................................................259
5.3.3 Shadow-Angle Protractor...........................................................................264
5.4 Solar Radiation..........................................................................................................267
5.4.1 Extraterrestrial Solar Radiation.................................................................268
5.5 Estimation of Terrestrial Solar Radiation..............................................................271
5.5.1 Atmospheric Extinction of Solar Radiation.............................................271
5.5.2 Solar Radiation on Clear Days...................................................................273
5.5.3 Solar Radiation on a Tilted Surface...........................................................274
5.5.4 Monthly Solar Radiation Estimation Models..........................................278
*5.6 Models Based on Long-Term Measured Horizontal Solar Radiation................280
5.6.1 Monthly Solar Radiation on Tilted Surfaces............................................280
5.6.2 Circumsolar or Anisotropie Diffuse Solar Radiation.............................285
5.6.3 Daily Solar Radiation on Tilted Surfaces..................................................286
5.6.4 Hourly Solar Radiation on Tilted Surfaces...............................................287
5.7 TMY Data to Determine Solar Radiation..............................................................288
*5.8 Measurement of Solar Radiation............................................................................289
5.8.1 Instruments for Measuring Solar Radiation and Sunshine..................290
5.8.2 Detectors for Solar Radiation Instrumentation.......................................292
5.8.3 Measurement of Sunshine Duration.........................................................293
5.8.4 Measurement of Spectral Solar Radiation................................................293
5.8.5 Solar Radiation Data and Websites...........................................................293
Problems................................................................................................................................294
References.............................................................................................................................296
6. Photovoltaics........................................................................................................................299
6.1 Semiconductors.........................................................................................................299
6.1.1 p-n Junction..................................................................................................301
6.1.2 Photovoltaic Effect.......................................................................................304
6.2 Analysis of Photovoltaic Cells.................................................................................308
6.2.1 Efficiency of Solar Cells...............................................................................312
6.2.2 Multijunction Solar Cells............................................................................313
6.2.3 Design of a Photovoltaic System................................................................313
Contents xiii
*6.3 Manufacture of Solar Cells and Panels..................................................................316
6.3.1 Single Crystal and Polycrystalline Cells..................................................317
6.3.2 Amorphous Silicon and Multijunction Thin-Film Fabrication.............320
6.4 Design for Remote Photovoltaic Applications......................................................321
6.4.1 Estimation of Loads and Load Profiles.....................................................321
6.4.2 Estimation of Available Solar Radiation...................................................323
6.4.3 PV System Sizing.........................................................................................323
6.4.4 Water Pumping Applications.....................................................................325
6.5 Thin-Film PV Technology........................................................................................326
6.6 Multilayer PV Technology.......................................................................................330
6.7 PVWatts for PV Performance Estimates................................................................335
Problems................................................................................................................................341
References.............................................................................................................................344
Suggested Readings.............................................................................................................345
Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings.......................................................................347
7.1 Radiative Properties and Characteristics of Materials........................................347
7.1.1 Selective Surfaces.........................................................................................352
7.1.2 Reflecting Surfaces.......................................................................................352
7.1.3 Transparent Materials.................................................................................354
7.2 Flat-Plate Collectors..................................................................................................355
7.2.1 Liquid-Type Collectors................................................................................356
7.2.2 Air-Type Collectors......................................................................................356
7.2.3 Glazings.........................................................................................................357
7.2.3.1 Absorbers.......................................................................................359
7.2.4 Energy Balance for a Flat-Plate Collector.................................................359
7.2.4.1 Collector Heat Loss Coefficient..................................................360
7.2.5 Thermal Analysis of Flat-Plate Collector-Absorber Plate......................364
7.2.6 Collector Efficiency Factor..........................................................................368
7.2.7 Collector Heat-Removal Factor..................................................................369
*7.2.8 Transient Effects...........................................................................................376
7.3 Evacuated Tube Collectors.......................................................................................378
*7.3.1 Thermal Analysis of an Evacuated Tube Collector.................................380
7.4 Experimental Testing of Collectors........................................................................381
7.4.1 Testing Standards for Solar Thermal Collectors.....................................383
*7.5 Calculations of Heating and Hot Water Loads in Buildings..............................385
7.5.1 Calculation of Heat Loss.............................................................................385
7.5.2 Internal Heat Sources in Buildings...........................................................389
7.5.3 Degree-Day Method....................................................................................389
7.5.4 Service Hot Water Load Calculation.........................................................392
7.6 Solar Water-Heating Systems..................................................................................394
7.6.1 Forced-Circulation Systems........................................................................394
7.7 Liquid-Based Solar Heating Systems for Buildings.............................................396
7.7.1 Physical Configurations of Active Solar Heating Systems....................396
7.7.2 Solar Collector Orientation.........................................................................397
7.7.3 Fluid Flow Rates...........................................................................................397
*7.7.4 Unglazed Transpired Wall System for Air Preheating..........................398
*7.8 Methods of Modeling and Designing Solar Heating Systems...........................400
xlv Contents
*7.9 Solar Cooling.............................................................................................................401
7.9.1 Cooling Requirements for Buildings........................................................401
7.9.2 Vapor-Compression Cycle..........................................................................405
7.9.3 Absorption Air-Conditioning....................................................................410
*7.10 Solar Desiccant Dehumidification..........................................................................419
7.10.1 Solid Desiccant Cooling System................................................................420
7.10.2 Liquid Desiccant Cooling System..............................................................422
Problems................................................................................................................................423
References.............................................................................................................................434
8. Solar Process Heat and Thermal Power.........................................................................437
8.1 Historical Perspective...............................................................................................437
8.2 Solar Industrial Process Heat..................................................................................440
*8.2.1 SIPH System for Textile Industries............................................................445
*8.2.2 SIPH System for Milk Processing..............................................................447
8.3 Parabolic Concentrating Collectors........................................................................448
8.3.1 Compound Parabolic Concentrators.........................................................450
8.3.2 Single-Axis Tracking Parabolic Trough Collectors.................................454
*8.4 Long-Term Performance of SIPH Systems.............................................................462
8.4.1 Utilizability Method....................................................................................464
8.4.2 Critical Solar Intensity Ratio X..................................................................465
8.4.3 Collection Period (Afj.................................................................................466
8.4.4 Empirical Expressions for Utilizability....................................................468
8.4.5 Yearly Collector Performance.....................................................................471
8.5 Thermal Power Fundamentals................................................................................474
8.5.1 Rankine Cycle...............................................................................................474
8.5.2 Components of a Solar Rankine Power Plant..........................................478
8.5.3 ChoiceofWorking Fluid.............................................................................478
8.6 Solar Thermal Power Plants....................................................................................480
8.6.1 Parabolic Trough-Based Power Plant.......................................................480
8.6.2 Central Receiver Systems............................................................................491
8.7 Parabolic Dish Systems and Stirling Engines.......................................................503
8.7.1 Thermodynamics of a Stirling Cycle........................................................504
8.7.2 Examples of Solar Stirling Power Systems...............................................507
Problems................................................................................................................................510
References.............................................................................................................................512
*i
9. Passive Solar Heating, Cooling, and Daylighting.......................................................515
Contributing Author: Jeffrey H. Morehouse
9.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................515
9.1.1 Distinction between a Passive System and Energy Conservation........515
9.2 Key Elements of Economic Consideration.............................................................516
9.2.1 Performance: Net Energy Savings.............................................................516
9.2.2 Cost: Over and Above Normal Construction......................................516
9.2.3 General System Application Status and Costs.........................................516
9.3 Solar Thermosyphon Water Heating.................................................................•¦•• 516
9.3.1 Thermosyphon Concept.............................................................................517
9.3.2 Thermo-Fluid System Design Considerations.........................................518
Contents xv
9.4 Passive Solar Heating Design Fundamentals.......................................................520
9.4.1 Types of Passive Heating Systems.............................................................521
9.4.2 Fundamental Concepts for Passive Heating Design..............................522
9.5 Passive Design Approaches.....................................................................................523
9.5.1 First Level: Generalized Methods.............................................................525
9.5.1.1 Load................................................................................................525
9.5.1.2 Solar Savings Fraction.................................................................525
9.5.1.3 LCR.................................................................................................526
9.5.1.4 Storage............................................................................................526
9.5.2 Second Level: LCR Method........................................................................528
9.5.3 Third Level: SLR Method...........................................................................540
9.6 Passive Space-Cooling Design Fundamentals......................................................544
9.6.1 Solar Control.................................................................................................544
9.6.2 Natural Convection/Ventilation................................................................544
9.6.3 Evaporative Cooling....................................................................................547
9.6.4 Nocturnal and Radiative Cooling Systems..............................................547
9.6.5 Earth Contact Cooling (or Heating)..........................................................549
9.6.5.1 Heat-Transfer Analysis................................................................550
9.6.5.2 Soil Temperatures and Properties.............................................551
9.6.5.3 Generalized Results from Experiments....................................551
9.7 Daylighting Design Fundamentals........................................................................553
9.7.1 Lighting Terms and Units...........................................................................553
9.7.2 Approach to Daylighting Design..............................................................553
9.7.3 Sun-Window Geometry.............................................................................554
9.7.3.1 Solar Altitude Angle (cc)..............................................................555
9.7.3.2 Sun-Window Azimuth Angle Difference ( E )..........................555
9.7.4 Daylighting Design Methods.....................................................................555
9.7.4.1 Lumen Method of Sidelighting (Vertical Windows)...............556
9.7.4.2 Lumen Method of Skylighting...................................................564
9.7.5 Daylighting Controls and Economics.......................................................568
Problems................................................................................................................................571
Defining Terms.....................................................................................................................573
References.............................................................................................................................573
Suggested Readings.............................................................................................................575
Further Information............................................................................................................575
10. Energy Storage....................................................................................................................577
10.1 Overview of Storage Technology............................................................................577
10.1.1 Applications..................................................................................................578
10.1.2 Technology Characterization.....................................................................580
10.2 Mechanical Technologies.........................................................................................582
10.2.1 Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storage....................................................582
10.2.1.1 Turbines.........................................................................................584
10.2.2 Compressed Air Energy Storage...............................................................585
10.2.2.1 Round-Trip Efficiency of CAES..................................................587
10.2.2.2 Comparison between CAES and PHES....................................588
10.2.2.3 CAES Volumetrie Energy Density.............................................589
10.2.2.4 Existing CAES Plants...................................................................591
10.2.3 Flywheels......................................................................................................592
XV1 Contents
10.3 Direct Electrical Technologies................................................................................593
10.3.1 Ultracapacitors............................................................................................593
10.3.2 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage............................................594
10.4 Fundamentals of Batteries and Fuel Cells............................................................594
10.4.1 Principles of Battery Operation................................................................595
10.4.2 CellPhysics..................................................................................................597
10.5 Rechargeable Batteries............................................................................................598
10.5.1 Lead-Acid Batteries....................................................................................599
10.5.2 Nickel Metal (Ni-Cd and Ni-MH)...........................................................601
10.5.3 Lithium Ion..................................................................................................602
10.5.4 Flow Batteries..............................................................................................603
10.6 Fuel Cellsand Hydrogen........................................................................................605
10.6.1 Principles of Fuel Cell Operation.............................................................605
10.6.2 Typesof Fuel Cells......................................................................................606
10.6.3 Generation of Hydrogen............................................................................607
10.6.4 Storage and Transport................................................................................608
10.6.5 Thermodynamics and Economics............................................................608
10.7 Thermal Energy Storage.........................................................................................609
10.7.1 Sensible Heat...............................................................................................610
10.7.2 Phase Change Heat Storage......................................................................611
10.7.3 Thermochemical Storage...........................................................................612
10.7.4 Applications.................................................................................................613
10.7.5 Thermal Storage for Concentrating Collector Systems.........................613
10.7.6 Overnight Storage for Buildings and Domestic Hot Water..................615
*10.8 Virtual Storage in the Electric Transmission Grid..............................................620
Problems..............................................................................................................................624
References............................................................................................................................626
Battery Resources...............................................................................................................627
*11. Ocean Energy Conversion...............................................................................................629
11.1 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion......................................................................629
11.1.1 Closed-Cycle Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion................................631
11.1.2 Open-Cycle Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion...................................635
11.1.2.1 Direct-Contact Evaporation and Condensation......................638
11.1.3 Comparison of Open- and Closed-Cycle OTEC Systems.....................639
11.1.4 Cold Water Pipe and Pumping Requirements.......................................640
11.1.5 Economics....................................................................................................642
11.2 Tidal Energy.............................................................................................................643
11.2.1 Introduction.................................................................................................643
11.2.2 Tidal Power..................................................................................................644
11.2.2.1 Economics of Tidal Power..........................................................647
11.3 Ocean Wave Energy.................................................................................................652
11.3.1 Deepwater Wave Power.............................................................................652
11.3.2 Surface Wave Power...................................................................................655
11.3.3 Wave Power Devices.................................................................................• 657
11.3.3.1 Wave Capture Systems...............................................................658
Contents xvii
11.3.3.2 Oscillating Water Column..........................................................658
11.3.4 Wave Profile Devices...................................................................................659
Problems..............................................................................................................................661
References............................................................................................................................663
Additional Readings..........................................................................................................663
12. Transportation.....................................................................................................................665
12.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................665
12.2 Alternative Fuels.......................................................................................................665
12.3 Well-to-Wheel Analysis............................................................................................668
12.4 Mass Transportation.................................................................................................668
12.5 Hybrid Electric Vehicles...........................................................................................670
12.6 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles.............................................................................671
12.7 Advanced Ground Transportation with Biomass Fuel........................................675
12.7.1 Petroleum Requirement..............................................................................677
12.7.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions.........................................................................677
12.8 Future All-Electric System.......................................................................................680
12.9 Hydrogen for Transportation..................................................................................681
12.10 Natural Gas as a Transitional Bridging Fuel.........................................................682
Problems..............................................................................................................................684
Extra Credit Problems Supplied by Robert Kennedy, Member, ASME
Energy Committee.............................................................................................................685
References............................................................................................................................687
Online Resources...............................................................................................................688
*13. Transition Engineering....................................................................................................689
Contributing Author: Susan Krumdieck
13.1 Foundations of Transition Engineering................................................................691
13.1.1 Social Mandate for Transition...................................................................692
13.1.2 Identifying Issues.......................................................................................695
13.1.3 Depletion Issues..........................................................................................697
13.1.4 Price Issue....................................................................................................701
13.1.5 Diminishing Production and Declining EROI.......................................702
13.1.6 Adaptive Capacity......................................................................................704
13.1.7 Essentiality..................................................................................................706
13.2 Anthropogenic System Dynamics.........................................................................707
13.2.1 Conventional Open-Flow Model of Energy Systems............................708
13.2.2 Feedback Control System Model..............................................................709
13.2.3 Feedback Control Model of Regional Energy Systems.........................710
*13.3 Risk Management....................................................................................................714
13.3.1 Supply-Demand Gap.................................................................................715
13.3.2 Risks of Energy Myths...............................................................................716
*13.4 Framework of Change Projects..............................................................................718
13.5 Strategie Analysis of Complex Systems................................................................722
13.5.1 Strategie Analysis of Complex System Method.....................................722
13.5.2 Possibility Space..........................................................................................724
xviii Contents
13.5.3 Feasibility Space...........................................................................................725
13.5.4 Probability Space..........................................................................................726
13.5.5 Opportunity Space......................................................................................727
13.6 Concluding Remarks................................................................................................728
Problems................................................................................................................................728
References.............................................................................................................................731
Index.............................................................................................................................................733
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041365266 |
| classification_rvk | ZP 3700 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)869850878 (DE-599)GBV736479538 |
| discipline | Energietechnik |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV041365266 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:55:02Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781466556966 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2013003651 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026813513 |
| oclc_num | 869850878 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-83 DE-573 |
| owner_facet | DE-83 DE-573 |
| physical | XXV, 752 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | CRC Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Principles of sustainable energy systems ed. by Frank Kreith ... 2. ed. Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.] CRC Press 2014 XXV, 752 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben Energieerzeugung (DE-588)4070813-5 gnd rswk-swf Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd rswk-swf Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd rswk-swf Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 s DE-604 Energieerzeugung (DE-588)4070813-5 s Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 s 1\p DE-604 Kreith, Frank Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026813513&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Principles of sustainable energy systems Energieerzeugung (DE-588)4070813-5 gnd Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4070813-5 (DE-588)4068598-6 (DE-588)4326464-5 |
| title | Principles of sustainable energy systems |
| title_auth | Principles of sustainable energy systems |
| title_exact_search | Principles of sustainable energy systems |
| title_full | Principles of sustainable energy systems ed. by Frank Kreith ... |
| title_fullStr | Principles of sustainable energy systems ed. by Frank Kreith ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Principles of sustainable energy systems ed. by Frank Kreith ... |
| title_short | Principles of sustainable energy systems |
| title_sort | principles of sustainable energy systems |
| topic | Energieerzeugung (DE-588)4070813-5 gnd Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Energieerzeugung Erneuerbare Energien Nachhaltigkeit |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026813513&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kreithfrank principlesofsustainableenergysystems |