Verfügbarkeit: Alternative transportation fuels

Alternative transportation fuels: utilisation in combustion engines

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	Babu, M. K. Gajendra (VerfasserIn), Subramanian, K. A. 1971- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.] CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group 2013
Schlagworte:	Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch Dieselmotor Alternativkraftstoff Schadstoffemission Fahrzeugantrieb Verbrennungsanalyse Kraftfahrzeug Motor fuels Fuel switching Spark ignition engines / Alternative fuels Diesel motor / Alternative fuels
Online-Zugang:	Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	Includes bibliographical references and index
Beschreibung:	XXIII, 440 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9781439872819

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	Contents Preface .....................................................................................................................xv Authors ................................................................................................................xvii Abbreviations ......................................................................................................xix 1. Introduction: Land, Sea and Air Transportation .....................................1 1.1 Transportation .......................................................................................1 1.2 Modes of Different Transportation .....................................................2 1.3 Indigenous Production Levels of Crude Oil from. Different Countries .....................................................................3 1.4 Import and Export Levels in Different Countries.; ..........................3 1.5 Refining Capacities of Petrol and Diesel Worldwide .......................9 1.6 Energy Consumption: World View ..................................................10 1.7 Transportation Sector: Current Scenario .........................................15 1.7.1 Mass Transportation: Diesel Buses and Trucks ................17 1.7.2 High-Power Rail Transportation .........................................17 1.7.3 Aviation Sector: Gas Turbines ..............................................17 1.7.4 Global Vehicle Fleet ...............................................................18 1.8 Fossil Fuel Consumption in the Transport Sector ..........................21 1.8.1 Energy Consumption in Transport Sector: Indian Perspective ..............................................................................24 1.9 GHG Emissions from the Transportation Sector ............................28 1.9.1 Mechanism of GHG Pollutant Formation in Internal Combustion Engines .............................................................30 1.9.2 CO2 Emission ..........................................................................30 1.9.3 N2O Emission .........................................................................32 1.9.4 CH4 Emission ..........................................................................33 1.9.5 Roadmap and Strategy for CO2 Emission Reduction by Other Countries ................................................................33 1.10 Environmental Concerns ...................................................................35 1.10.1 Near Term: Local Air Pollution ............................................35 1.10.2 Toxic Air Pollutants ...............................................................36 1.10.3 Environmental: Long-Term, Climate Change/Global Warming Effect ......................................................................37 1.11 Environmental Standards ..................................................................37 1.12 Sustainability Issues ...........................................................................37 1.12.1 Vehicle Attributes ..................................................................37 1.12.2 Fuel Attributes ........................................................................37 References .......................................................................................................41 V vi Contents 2. Conventional Fuels for Land Transportation .........................................43 2.1 Conventional Fuels for Spark Ignition Engines/Vehicles .............43 2.2 Production of Gasoline/Diesel Fuels ...............................................46 2.2.1 Primary Oil Recovery ............................................................46 2.2.2 Secondary Oil Recovery ........................................................46 2.2.3 Tertiary Oil Recovery ............................................................47 2.3 Refining Process to Produce Gasoline/Diesel ................................47 2.3.1 Details of Unit Processes ......................................................49 2.3.1.1 Hydro-Treater ..........................................................49 2.3.1.2 Catalytic Reforming ...............................................50 2.3.1.3 Cracking ..................................................................50 2.3.1.4 Alkylation ................................................................52 2.3.1.5 Polymerisation ........................................................52 2.3.1.6 Isomerisation ...........................................................53 2.3.1.7 Reforming ................................................................53 2.4 Conventional Fuels for a Spark Ignition Engine ............................53 2.4.1 Motor Gasoline .......................................................................53 2.4.1.1 Physico-Chemical Properties ...............................54 2.4.2 Liquefied Petroleum Fuels ....................................................58 2.4.2.1 Availability of LPG.................................................61 2.4.2.2 Cost of LPG in India ..............................................62 2.4.2.3 Production Process of LPG...................................62 2.4.3 Compressed Natural Gas ..............·........................................65 2.4.3.1 Resources .................................................................67 2.4.3.2 Availability of Natural Gas: World View ............68 2.4.3.3 Cost Analysis of CNG (United States) .................69 2.4.3.4 Natural Gas Production Process ..........................69 2.4.3.5 Natural Gas Purification .......................................73 2.4.3.6 Advantages of Natural Gas as Transportation Fuel ................................................73 2.4.3.7 Comparison between CNG and LPG..................74 2.4.3.8 Methane Number ...................................................76 2.4.4 Other Hydrocarbons .............................................................76 2.4.5 Inert Gas ..................................................................................77 2.4.6 Contaminants .........................................................................77 2.4.7 Water ........................................................................................77 2.4.8 Oxygen ....................................................................................77 2.4.9 Hydrogen ................................................................................77 2.4.10 Hydrogen Sulphide ................................................................77 2.4.11 Sulphur ....................................................................................78 2.5 Conventional Fuels for Compression Ignition Engines/Vehicles ..............................................................................78 2.5.1 Diesel .......................................................................................78 2.5.1.1 Cetane Number ......................................................78 2.5.1.2 Density .....................................................................78 Contents vii 2.5.1.3 Viscosity ...................................................................78 2.5.1.4 Sulphur Content .....................................................79 2.5.1.5 Distillation Characteristics ...................................79 2.6 Conclusion..... .......................................................................................80 Problems ..........................................................................................................80 Unsolved Problems ........................................................................................85 References .......................................................................................................87 3. Alternative Fuels for Land Transportation .............................................89 3.1 Introduction .........................................................................................89 3.2 Alternative Fuels for Spark Ignition Engines ..................................89 3.2.1 Fossil-Based Fuels ..................................................................89 3.2.1.1 Gas to Liquid Fuel ..................................................89 3.2.2 Hydrogen from Fossil Fuel ...................................................90 3.2.3 Biofuels: Alcohol Fuels ..........................................................91 3.2.3.1 Methanol..................................................................91 3.2.3.2 Ethanol..................................................................... 96 3.2.3.3 Propanol....: ..............................................................99 3.2.3.4 Butanol ...................................................................100 3.2.3.5 Dimethyl Carbonate .............................................103 3.2.4 Biofuels: Gaseous Fuels .......................................................104 3.2.4.1 Producer Gas.........................................................104 3.2.4.2 Biogas.....................................................................106 3.2.4.3 Βίο -Syngas .............................................................113 3.2.4.4 Hydrogen ...............................................................115 3.3 Alternative Fuels for a Compression Ignition Engine .................123 3.3.1 Biofuels ..................................................................................123 3.3.1.1 Introduction ..........................................................123 3.3.1.2 Biodiesel .................................................................123 3.3.2 Gas to Liquid Fuel ................................................................140 3.3.3 Fischer-Tropsch Diesel .......................................................141 3.3.4 Dimethyl Ether .....................................................................147 3.3.5 DEE ........................................................................................150 3.4 Conclusion ..........................................................................................153 References .....................................................................................................153 4. Aviation Fuels ..............................................................................................157 4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................157 4.2 Fuel Quality Requirements of Aircraft Engines (Aircrafts and Helicopters) ..............................................................157 4.3 Aviation Gasoline Fuel .....................................................................158 4.4 Aviation Kerosene .............................................................................160 4.5 Compressed Natural Gas .................................................................161 4.6 Liquefied Natural Gas ......................................................................161 4.7 Biodiesel-Diesel Blend .....................................................................161 viii - Contents 4.8 Fischer-Tropsch Diesel .....................................................................162 4.9 Carbon-Free Fuel: Compressed and Liquid Hydrogen ...............162 4.10 Carbon-Neutral and Sustainable Fuel ............................................162 4.11 Production Technology of Aviation Fuel .......................................163 4.12 Volume and Weight of Aviation Fuel for Smaller- and Large- Sized Aircraft .....................................................................................165 4.13 Emission and Effects by Aviation Fuel ..........................................166 4.14 Conclusion ..........................................................................................168 References .....................................................................................................169 5. Utilisation of Alternative Fuels in Internal Combustion Engines/Vehicles .........................................................................................171 5.1 Spark Ignition Engines .....................................................................171 5.1.1 General Introduction ...........................................................171 5.1.2 Various Challenges with SI Engine ...................................172 5.1.3 Preliminary Studies Regarding Combustion Phenomenon .........................................................................174 5.1.4 Parameters Affecting Burning Velocity ...........................175 5.1.5 Characterisation of Combustion Process .........................179 5.1.6 Study of Flame Kernel Growth Development .................180 5.1.6.1 Pre-Breakdown Phase ......-....................................181 5.1.6.2 Plasma Phase ........................................................181 5.1.6.3 Initial Combustion Phase ....................................181 5.1.7 Carburettor, Manifold, Port and Direct In-Cylinder Injection. ................................................................................191 1 5.1.8 Different Methods That Can Be Adapted for Using CNG in SI Engines ...............................................................191 5.1.9 Continuous Injection ...........................................................194 5.1.10 Timed Manifold Injection ...................................................194 5.1.11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation ..................................................195 5.1.11.1 Oxides of Nitrogen ...............................................195 5.1.12 Ethanol-Gasoline Blends ....................................................196 5.1.13 Methanol-Gasoline Blends .................................................200 5.1.14 Butanol-Gasoline Blends ....................................................204 5.1.15 Hydrogen ..............................................................................206 5.1.16 Compressed Natural Gas ....................................................210 5.1.16.1 Difference in Performance and Power Output between CNG and Gasoline .................210 5.1.16.2 Fuel Consumption ................................................212 5.1.16.3 Brake Thermal Efficiency ....................................214 5.1.16.4 Effect of Speed on Emissions ..............................214 5.1.17 Liquefied Petroleum Gas ....................................................223 5.1.17.1 Comparison among Gasoline, CNG, ЕЮ and LPG Fuels .......................................................224 Contents ix 5.2 Compression Ignition Engines ........................................................229 5.2.1 Emissions ..............................................................................231 5.2.2 Biodiesel ................................................................................232 5.2.2.1 Comparison with Other Fuels ............................232 5.2.2.2 Effect of Biodiesel Addition on CO and UBHC Emissions ..................................................235 5.2.2.3 Effect of Biodiesel Addition on Smoke andCO2 ..................................................................236 5.2.2.4 Effect of Biodiesel Addition on TEG and NO, ...236 5.2.2.5 Effect of Biodiesel Addition on the Combustion Process .............................................237 5.2.2.6 Effect of Biodiesel Addition on Combustion Characteristics ......................................................238 5.2.2.7 Effect of Injection Pressure on Brake Power and Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption ..............239 5.2.2.8 Effect of Injection Pressure on Exhaust Gas Temperature and Nitrogen Oxides Emission. ...240 5.2.2.9 Effect of Injection Pressure on (a) CO and (b) UBHC ...............:...............................................241 5.2.2.10 Effect of Injection Pressure on CO2 and Smoke ...........................................................242 5.2.2.11 Effect of Injection Timing on Brake Power and Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption ..............242 5.2.2.12 Effect of Injection Timing on Exhaust Gas Temperature (T^) and NO, ................................243 5.2.2.13 Effect of Injection Timing on CO and UBHC Emissions ...............................................................244 5.2.2.14 Effect of Injection Timing on CO2 and Smoke... 244 5.2.3 Experimental Setup for EGR ..............................................245 5.2.3.1 Design of Intercooler............................................249 5.2.3.2 Effect of Using EGR with Biodiesel Blends ......252 5.2.3.3 Brake Thermal Efficiency ....................................252 5.2.3.4 Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption ......................253 5.2.3.5 Calculating Volumetric Efficiency .....................254 5.2.3.6 Engine Emission for Biodiesel with Different Percentage of Exhaust Gas Recirculation .........................................................255 5.2.3.7 Engine Combustion Characteristics for Biodiesel with a Different Percentage of Exhaust Gas Recirculation ..................................259 5.2.3.8 Conclusions ................................................:..........262 5.2.4 Fischer-Tropsch Diesel .......................................................263 5.2.5 Dimethyl Ether .....................................................................266 5.2.5.1 Advantages of DME as Alternative Fuel ...........266 Contents 5.2.6 Dual-Fuel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel and Hydrogen ..............................................................................272 5.2.7 Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine ....................................................................................276 5.2.8 Premixed Charged Compression Ignition .......................278 5.2.8.1 Performance Analysis ..........................................280 5.2.8.2 Emissions Characteristics ...................................283 5.2.9 Partial HCCI .........................................................................287 5.2.9.1 Auxiliary Injector Assembly ...............................290 5.2.9.2 Optimisation of Auxiliary Injection Duration for Achieving Partial HCCI ...............291 5.3 Conclusion ..........................................................................................294 Problems ........................................................................................................295 Unsolved Problems ......................................................................................307 References .....................................................................................................309 6. Fuel Quality Characterisation for Suitability of Internal Combustion Engines ..................................................................................313 6.1 General Introduction ........................................................................313 6.2 Fuel Quality Study ............................................................................313 6.3 Measurement of Fuel Properties .....................................................314 6.3.1 Calorific Value ......................................................................315 6.3.1.1 Procedure ..............................................................315 6.3.1.2 Calculation ............................................................317 6.3.2 Viscosity ................................................................................319 6.3.2.1 Redwood Viscometer ...........................................320 6.3.2.2 Saybolt Viscometer ...............................................321 6.3.3 FlashPoint .............................................................................323 6.3.3.1 Description of Apparatus ....................................323 6.3.3.2 Procedure ......,.......................................................323 6.3.4 Cloud Point and Pour Point ................................................324 6.3.4.1 Description of Apparatus ....................................325 6.3.4.2 Procedure ..............................................................326 6.4 Emission Characteristics of Internal Combustion Engines ........328 6.5 Chassis Dynamometer Study ..........................................................329 6.6 Control Volume Sampling ...............................................................330 6.7 Digas Analyser ..................................................................................330 6.8 CLD Analyser ....................................................................................330 6.9 Biodiesel Reactor ...............................................................................332 6.10 Airflow Meter ....................................................................................334 6.11 Gas Mass Flow Meter .......................................................................334 6.12 Test Bench Experimental Study ......................................................335 6.12.1 Performance Characteristics of Internal Combustion Engines ...........................................................335 6.13 Field Trial Study ................................................................................336 Contents xi 7. Modelling of Alternative Fuelled Internal Combustion Engines.... 339 7.1 Introduction .......................................................................................339 7.1.1 Objective of Conducting a Simulation ..............................339 7.1.2 Problem-Solving Process ....................................................342 7.1.3 Problem Definition ..............................................................342 7.1.4 After Defining the Problem ................................................343 7.1.5 Mathematical Model ............................................................343 7.1.6 Computational Method .......................................................343 7.2 Internal Combustion Engine Processes .........................................344 7.2.1 Otto Cycle ..............................................................................344 7.2.2 Diesel Cycle ...........................................................................345 7.3 Governing Equations for 1С Engines .............................................347 7.3.1 Chemical Kinetics ................................................................347 7.3.2 General Combustion Equation ..........................................349 7.4 CI Engine Modelling for Alternative Fuels ...................................350 7.4.1 Injection Characteristics .....................................................350 7.4.2 Spray Characteristics ...........................................................350 7.4.3 Ignition Delay .......................................................................352 7.4.4 Combustion Model ..............................................................354 7.4.5 Extended Zeldovich Mechanism (NO, Model) ...............354 7.4.6 Smoke/Soot Formation Model ...........................................355 7.5 Combustion in SI Engine .................................................<................355 7.5.1 Spark Ignition .......................................................................355 7.5.1.1 Characterisation of Combustion Process ..........356 7.5.2 Quasi-Dimensional Two-Zone Model for an SI Engine ...........................................................................356 Problems ........................................................................................................357 Unsolved Problems ......................................................................................361 Nomenclature ...............................................................................................362 Greek Letters ......................................................................................364 References .....................................................................................................364 8. Alternative Powered Vehicles ..................................................................367 8.1 General Introduction ........................................................................367 8.2 Bi-Fuel Vehicle ...................................................................................367 8.2.1 Introduction ..........................................................................367 8.2.1.1 Advantages of Bi-Fuelled Vehicles as Compared to Conventional Vehicles .................370 8.2.1.2 Disadvantages as Compared to Conventional Vehicles .........................................370 8.3 Dual-Fuel Vehicles ............................................................................370 8.3.1 Introduction ..........................................................................370 8.3.2 Benefits of Dual-Fuel Technology ......................................371 8.3.2.1 Compared to the Diesel Engine: Dual-Fuel Engine Delivers ....................................................372 xii Contents 8.4 Electric Vehicles .................................................................................372 8.4.1 Advantages of EVs ...............................................................374 8.4.2 Disadvantages of EVs ..........................................................374 8.5 Hybrid Vehicle ...................................................................................375 8.5.1 Components ..........................................................................375 8.5.2 Working Principle ................................................................376 8.6 Fuel Cell Vehicles ..............................................................................378 8.6.1 Introduction ..........................................................................378 8.6.2 Working Principle of Fuel Cells .........................................379 8.6.3 Types of Fuel Cells ...............................................................380 8.6.4 Parameters Affecting Power Generation in an FC..........381 8.6.5 Fuel Cell Vehicle.. .................................................................381 8.6.6 Performance ..........................................................................384 8.6.7 Environmental Benefits .......................................................384 References .....................................................................................................386 9. Alternative Fuels for Rail Transportation .............................................387 9.1 Introduction .......................................................................................387 9.2 Types of Locomotives .......................................................................387 9.2.1 Diesel Locomotives ..............................................................387 9.2.2 Diesel-Electric Locomotive ................................................389 9.3 Alternative Locomotives ..................................................................389 9.3.1 Fuel Cell Locomotives.. .......................................................389 9.3.2 Biodiesel for Locomotives ...................................................389 References .....................................................................................................392 10. Alternative Fuels for Marine Transportation .......................................393 10.1 Introduction to Marine Fuels ..........................................................393 10.1.1 Conventional Fuels ..............................................................393 10.1.1.1 Distillate Marine Fuels ........................................393 10.1.1.2 Residual Fuels .......................................................393 10.2 Alternative Fuel for Marine Vehicles .............................................394 10.3 Engine/Vehicle Technology ............................................................395 10.3.1 Types of Marine Vehicles ....................................................395 10.3.2 Types of Marine Engines ....................................................396 10.3.2.1 Low-Speed Engines .............................................396 10.3.2.2 Medium-Speed Engines ......................................397 10.3.2.3 High-Speed Engines ............................................397 10.3.2.4 Two- and Four-Stroke Diesel Engine ................398 10.4 After-Treatment Technology for an Emission Reduction Selective Catalyst Reduction ...........................................................398 10.4.1 Various Reagents That Are Used for Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction ....................................................401 Contents xiii 10.4.2 NH3 Process ..........................................................................401 10.4.3 Comparison of NH3 and Urea Injection Methods ..........402 References .....................................................................................................402 11. Alternative Fuels for Aviation (Airbus and Helicopter) .....................403 11.1 Introduction .......................................................................................403 11.2 Importance of Air-Mode Transportation .......................................403 11.3 Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Aero-Engines .................................................................................405 11.3.1 Emission ................................................................................406 11.4 Progress in the Use of Alternative Fuels for the Aviation Sector ......................................................................407 References .....................................................................................................408 12. Global Warming and Climate Change ...................................................409 12.1 Introduction .......................................................................................409 12.1.1 Effect of Different Modes of Transportation on the Environment .........................................................................410 12.1.2 Impact of Air Transport ......................................................410 12.1.3 Impact of Road Transport ...................................................413 12.1.4 Impact of Rail Transport .....................................................416 12.1.5 Impact of Marine Transportation ......................................417 12.1.6 Alternative Fuels and GHGs ..............................................420 12.2 Mechanism of Global Warming ......................................................423 12.3 Control Avenues for GHG Emissions .............................................423 12.4 The Proposed GHG Emission Standards ......................................427 12.4.1 GHGs Emission Standards .................................................427 12.4.1.1 Roadmap and Strategy for CO2 Emission Reduction by Other Countries ...........................427 Problems ........................................................................................................427 Unsolved Problems ......................................................................................432 References .....................................................................................................433 Index .....................................................................................................................435 CIVIL, AUTOMOTIVE AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION FUELS Utilisation in Combustion Engines The book presents a tour de force of technologies as diverse as oil refining, jet engines, bi-fuel engines, and fuel cells. It is refreshing to see silos of knowledge being brought together in one book. In a world of emotive debate about the ethics of oil consumption, biofüel production, and unequal access to transport, it is great to see an authoritative scientific treatment of the subject. — Professor Dermot Roddy, Newcastle University, North Yorkshire, UK A continuous rise in the consumption of gasoline, diesel, and other petroleum- based fuels will eventually deplete petroleum reserves and deteriorate the en¬ vironment. Alternative Transportation Fuels: Utilisation in Combustion Engines explores the feasibility of using alternative fuels that could pave the way for the sustained operation of the transport sector. It assesses the potential avenues for using different alternative fuels in the transport sector, highlights several types of transport and their effect on the environment, and discusses conventional and alternative fuels for land transport. The book covers fuels used for land and air transportation and reports on ex¬ perimental investigations into the utilisation,of alternative fuels in internal com¬ bustion engines. The authors deliver an tn^elejtth analysis of engine combustion, then focus on fuel quality characterization and a modeling of alternative-fuelled engines, and describe alternative-powered vehicles. Based on the authors experience at laboratories around the globe, Alterna¬ tive Transportation Fuels: Utilisation in Combustion Engines presents potential alternative fuels for rail, marine, and aviation applications. It examines potential global warming and climate change repercussions that could occur from the use of conventional and alternative fuels. It provides technical guid¬ ance on future setups of refineries and. automotive industries.
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id	DE-604.BV041364390
illustrated	Illustrated
indexdate	2024-07-10T00:55:01Z
institution	BVB
isbn	9781439872819
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026812662
oclc_num	859542977
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-83 DE-573 DE-703 DE-634
owner_facet	DE-83 DE-573 DE-703 DE-634
physical	XXIII, 440 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
publishDate	2013
publishDateSearch	2013
publishDateSort	2013
publisher	CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group
record_format	marc
spelling	Babu, M. K. Gajendra Verfasser aut Alternative transportation fuels utilisation in combustion engines M. K. Gajendra Babu ; K. A. Subramanian Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.] CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group 2013 XXIII, 440 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch (DE-588)4361496-6 gnd rswk-swf Dieselmotor (DE-588)4012211-6 gnd rswk-swf Alternativkraftstoff (DE-588)4125883-6 gnd rswk-swf Schadstoffemission (DE-588)4179312-2 gnd rswk-swf Fahrzeugantrieb (DE-588)4123177-6 gnd rswk-swf Verbrennungsanalyse (DE-588)4187587-4 gnd rswk-swf Kraftfahrzeug (DE-588)4073757-3 gnd rswk-swf Motor fuels Fuel switching Spark ignition engines / Alternative fuels Diesel motor / Alternative fuels Alternativkraftstoff (DE-588)4125883-6 s Kraftfahrzeug (DE-588)4073757-3 s DE-604 Fahrzeugantrieb (DE-588)4123177-6 s Dieselmotor (DE-588)4012211-6 s Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch (DE-588)4361496-6 s Verbrennungsanalyse (DE-588)4187587-4 s Schadstoffemission (DE-588)4179312-2 s Subramanian, K. A. 1971- Verfasser (DE-588)1042764980 aut Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026812662&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026812662&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Babu, M. K. Gajendra Subramanian, K. A. 1971- Alternative transportation fuels utilisation in combustion engines Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch (DE-588)4361496-6 gnd Dieselmotor (DE-588)4012211-6 gnd Alternativkraftstoff (DE-588)4125883-6 gnd Schadstoffemission (DE-588)4179312-2 gnd Fahrzeugantrieb (DE-588)4123177-6 gnd Verbrennungsanalyse (DE-588)4187587-4 gnd Kraftfahrzeug (DE-588)4073757-3 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4361496-6 (DE-588)4012211-6 (DE-588)4125883-6 (DE-588)4179312-2 (DE-588)4123177-6 (DE-588)4187587-4 (DE-588)4073757-3
title	Alternative transportation fuels utilisation in combustion engines
title_auth	Alternative transportation fuels utilisation in combustion engines
title_exact_search	Alternative transportation fuels utilisation in combustion engines
title_full	Alternative transportation fuels utilisation in combustion engines M. K. Gajendra Babu ; K. A. Subramanian
title_fullStr	Alternative transportation fuels utilisation in combustion engines M. K. Gajendra Babu ; K. A. Subramanian
title_full_unstemmed	Alternative transportation fuels utilisation in combustion engines M. K. Gajendra Babu ; K. A. Subramanian
title_short	Alternative transportation fuels
title_sort	alternative transportation fuels utilisation in combustion engines
title_sub	utilisation in combustion engines
topic	Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch (DE-588)4361496-6 gnd Dieselmotor (DE-588)4012211-6 gnd Alternativkraftstoff (DE-588)4125883-6 gnd Schadstoffemission (DE-588)4179312-2 gnd Fahrzeugantrieb (DE-588)4123177-6 gnd Verbrennungsanalyse (DE-588)4187587-4 gnd Kraftfahrzeug (DE-588)4073757-3 gnd
topic_facet	Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch Dieselmotor Alternativkraftstoff Schadstoffemission Fahrzeugantrieb Verbrennungsanalyse Kraftfahrzeug
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026812662&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026812662&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT babumkgajendra alternativetransportationfuelsutilisationincombustionengines AT subramanianka alternativetransportationfuelsutilisationincombustionengines

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