Metodika za naučno izsledvane na trakijskata architektura: analizi, tălkuvane, simvolika
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Bulgarian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Sofija
Bălgarska Akad. na Naukite, Inst. za Izsledvane na Izkustvata
2013
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. izd. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | PST: Methodology for the scholarly investigation of Thracian architecture. - In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 182 S. zahlr. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9789548594431 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804151441109024768 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Автор
©
Малвина Русева,
2013
Графичен дизайн
©
Боряна Паскалева,
Асен Балкански,
2013
Снимка на корицата
©
Мехмед Азиз
©
Институт за изследване на
изкуствата, БАН
ISBN
978-954-8594-43-1
7.
13.
Предговор
13.
23.
61.
ЧАСТ ПЪРВА
Средства за анализ и тълкуване на архитектура,
разкрита по време на археологически разкопки
Глава първа
Архитектурата като познание за обществото
Глава втора
Методика на архитектурното научно изследване
Глава трета
Архитектурата като средство за археологически ана¬
лиз и историческо датиране
71.
71.
93.
121.
ЧАСТ ВТОРА
Анализ, тълкуване и символика
на елементи от тракийската култова архитектура
Глава първа
Входът в тракийската култова архитектура
Глава втора
Архитектура и символика на неносещите елементи
в тракийските култови сгради
Глава трета
Женските фигури в Гинина могила:
кариатиди или не?
Изображения и паралели в тракийското изкуство
143.
148.
154.
159.
169.
177.
Вместо заключение
Chapter Abstracts
: :
χ- ,
■..
Бележки
част първа
част втора
——■
ташаш—и»»
«są-
-
Опис на
илюстрациите
Литература
Staatsbibliothek
>F
CONTENTS
7.
Preface
13.
PART ONE
Tools for Analyzing and Interpreting Architecture
Uncovered During Archeological Excavations
13.
Chapter One
Architecture as Knowledge About Society
23.
Chapter Two
Methodology for Architectural Study and Analysis
61.
Chapter Three
Architecture as Means of Archeologico-Cultural Analysis
and Historical Dating
71.
PART TWO
Analysis, Interpretation, and Symbolism of
Elements of Thracian Cult Architecture
71.
Chapter One
The Doorway in Thracian Cult Architecture
93.
Chapter Two
Architecture and Symbolism of Non-Load-Bearing
Architectural Elements of Thracian Cult Buildings
121.
Chapter Three
The Female Figures in Ginina
Mogiła:
Caryatids or Not?
Representations and Parallels in Thracian Art
143.
In Lieu of a Conclusion
148.
Chapter Abstracts
154.
Notes
Notes to Part One
159.
Notes to Part Two
173.
List of Illustrations
177.
Bibliography
Methodology for
the Scholarly Investigation of
Thracian Architecture
Analysis
Interpretation
Symbolism
PART ONE
TOOLS FOR ANALYZING
AND
INTERPRETING ARCHITECTURE
UNCOVERED DURING
ARCHEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS
Chapter One
Architecture as Knowledge About Society
Chapter One Abstract: Based on my
professional expertise as an architectural
historian and tenured researcher at the Institute
for Art Studies at the Bulgarian Academy of
Science and as an architect with decades-long
experience in the excavation, documentation,
research, preservation, and legislation of
monuments of culture at the National Institute
for Monuments of Culture, in this book I
propose a methodology for the study, analysis,
and interpretation of architectural structures
in general and of Thracian cult architecture in
particular. This methodology fills a significant
void in Bulgarian architectural, archeological,
and art-historical practice and scholarship
which still needs a reliable, well-researched,
and comprehensive system for approaching
architectural structures.
Using my previous scholarly work and
my architect s training, I have developed a
specific methodology aimed at a wide range
of scholars and interdisciplinary researchers
involved in the study of architectural structures
uncovered during archeological excavations.
This methodology is especially needed today
when the main problem facing the study
and analysis of Thracian architecture is the
glaring lack of architects involved in the
documentation and interpretation of excavated
architectural structures. Since the architect s
work is done by archeologists who do not
have the necessary training and approach, the
architectural components of a building are
often ignored or misnamed while architectural
terms are misused. For example, the scholarly
emphasis on the decoration in Ostrusha
Mogiła
has completely overshadowed the building s
unique architecture while
Mogiła
Horizont
lacks any architectural documentation so that
Методика
за научно
изследване на тракийската архитек
¡El¬
its
plan, construction, building methods, and
overall composition are yet unknown. Thus
Thracian architecture is either not considered
at all or else misrepresented, and in both cases
this less than professional approach leads to
the circulation of inadequate or inaccurate
information.
This chapter opens by describing the
proposed methodology, its goals and its
audience. Next, it explicates how and why the
thorough and professional study of architecture
enables a more detailed knowledge not only
about the building itself and its architect, but
also and more importantly, about the society
and culture that created it. After examining
the millennia-long history of the architect s
position in society as a carrier of both practical
and spiritual knowledge, the chapter argues
that architecture can be considered as a
text that can be read and decoded through
careful study, analysis, and interpretation of its
main components. This is why the proposed
methodology can allow a more thorough
understanding of this architectural text s
functions and contexts. Reading architecture
in a methodologically sound and informed way
would significantly expand our knowledge of
the ancients and their world. It will also allow
us better to understand the role of architecture
in society and especially in reflecting and
shaping spiritual, aesthetic, and cultural
categories. Because of its complex creative
process, architecture synthesizes and expresses
man s accomplishments in the spheres of
art, science, and culture; and then in turn
it influences and shapes man s experience
through its material presence and deeper
symbolism.
Next, the chapter discusses the kinds
of knowledge we gain from studying and
understanding architecture as an end product
as well as the architectural process that
shaped it. It outlines two types of knowledge
-
factual (based on objective factors) and
contextual (based on subjective factors).
Factual knowledge relates to all the concrete,
Physical characteristics and components of the
architectural structure that can be documented
and described, such as plan, construction,
execution, building material, and decoration.
When the architect documents these concrete,
observable aspects of the structure, then factual
knowledge will not be lost (or overlooked)
during the process of excavation, restoration,
and preservation of the site. Contextual
knowledge means a twofold process of
first analyzing and interpreting the factual
information and then considering it within
the relevant architectural, archeological, art-
historical, historical, geographical, and local
contexts. Only the accurate application of both
objective and subjective approaches to the
architectural site will lead to a complex and
comprehensive knowledge about it.
The chapter concludes with a discussion
of cult architecture and the rules and ideas
that regulate its construction. My twofold
perspective as an experienced architectural
historian and trained architect allows me
to elaborate a methodology for studying
architectural structures that is both specific
and general enough to apply to a variety
of scholarly contexts and disciplines in
the Humanities. Approaching architecture
as embodied knowledge, as a source of
information, benefits scholars and students
alike and provides them with a system for
the documentation, analysis, interpretation,
conservation, research, and publication of
architectural sites.
Chapter Two
Methodology for
Architectural Study and Analysis
Chapter Two Abstract: This chapter outlines
the system of methods I have developed over
the past
30
years and consistently applied
to the study and analysis of architectural
structures unearthed during archaeological
excavations. The proposed methodology is
based on the investigation of the following
five elements deemed fundamental to the
building of any architectural structure:
idea, function, construction, execution, and
decoration. The chapter offers a concrete
framework for architectural inquiry and
analysis to aid a more complete understanding
of the use of different plans and designs,
structural specificities, building materials,
and decorative programs. To make it more
clear for non-architect readers, this chapter
also offers short definitions of the basic
components of architecture, such as symmetry,
proportion, harmony, graduation, and scale.
This methodology further considers the
interconnections among economic, cultural,
social, and political conditions as essential
factors in the conception and creation of a
given type of architecture.
Chapter Three
Architecture as Means for
Archeologico-
Cultural Analysis and
Historical Dating
Chapter Three Abstract: This chapter
continues to support the argument for the
importance of the comprehensive investigation
of architectural structures excavated by
archaeologists. It suggests that the accurate
documentation and informed analysis of, on
one hand, a building s individual constituent
elements, and on the other, these elements
particular combination into one whole
especially in the context of the physical
surroundings, offer a reliable picture of
the time period and its key characteristics.
After analyzing briefly the importance for
the structure s appearance of building and
decorative materials such as stone, brick,
timber, paint, and dyes, I suggest that these
materials could be studied as evidence of
commercial contacts, economic progress,
and technological skills. The results of such
studies can help us find the local or regional
quarries and/or the workshops where the
material was mined, worked, and polished.
The chapter concludes that the thorough
study of architecture yields valuable and
varied information about society s scientific
and technological knowledge, economic
development, and cultural and commercial
contacts.
PART TWO
ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION,
AND SYMBOLISM OF ELEMENTS
OFTHRACIAN CULT ARCHITECTURE
Chapter One
The Doorway in Thracian Cult Architecture
Chapter One Abstract: This chapter raises
and examines questions about the construction,
form, and meaning of the doorway in cult
buildings under mound or cut into the rock
in both Thrace and the Mediterranean and
dated between
2nd
and
1st
mill.
ВСЕ.
It
seeks to answer key questions such as: Why
do cult buildings from different time periods
and parts of the Mediterranean utilize similar
architectural solutions to entrance designs?
What are the architectural and constructional
reasons that have led to the predominance of
the trapezoidally shaped doorway? Why is this
particular trapezoidal shape used in antiquity
and, more specifically, in Thrace? What other
types of doorways do we find in cult buildings
under mound in the Mediterranean? Does the
trapezoidal shape carry symbolic meaning and
can we locate symbolic meaning in other types
of doorways?
The chapter goes on to examine and
compare the architecture of doorways of
Thracian cult buildings under mound with the
doorways of similar buildings from the rest
of the Mediterranean. The similarities and
differences are documented and analyzed.
But more importantly, the chapter proposes
the first scholarly typology of the doorway in
buildings under mound. This typology is based
on the kind and method of construction, on
the aesthetic execution of the doorway, and
especially on the outline of the doorway s
opening. This new approach expands
significantly our understanding of buildings
under mound and raises new questions about
the doorway s architecture.
The chapter further argues that doorways to
buildings covered with false vault and beehive
vault feature a specific shape of the door
opening because of the employed arch-vault
system of construction. The outline of the
Методика
за научно
изследване на тракийската аох
итектура
opening differs according to the way in which
the construction material has been worked. A
comparison with similar architectural structures
from the Mediterranean suggests that this type
of doorway was used in cult architecture in the
region before
1st
mill.
ВСЕ.
The employment
of identical construction systems has led to
the building of identical types of doorways,
whose shape over time has acquired symbolic
significance. Notably, the geometric outline or
contour of these doorways persists even when a
different construction system has been used or
even when there is no construction to speak of
as in rock-cut architecture. The function which
initially determined the form has disappeared
but the shape and its symbolic meaning remain
and continue to be used today.
The chapter consists of three discrete parts.
The first part, Purpose and Symbolic Meaning
of the Doorway. The Doorway in Ancient
Mediterranean Architecture, studies the
form and frame of different doorways in cult
buildings from the
2nd
and
1st
mill.
ВСЕ
in
the Mediterranean. This part uses foundational
texts on architecture such as Vitruvius and
Leon Battista Alberti s
books in order to
provide historical and architectural evidence
for the meaning, form, and frame of the cult
building s doorway.
The second part, Typology of the Doorway
and Characteristics of Different Doorways,
analyzes specific examples of buildings under
mound in Greece,
Etruria,
Thrace, and the
Northern Black Sea region. By examining the
construction method of each doorway, this part
identifies three main types of outline: doorways
with trapezoidal contour, doorways with stepped
contour, and doorways with arched contour. It
studies, discusses, and systematizes the common
characteristics of each type of doorway outline.
The third part, Architectural Specificity and
Symbolic Meaning of the Doorway, presents
samples from Asia Minor, Thrace, and
Etruria
t0 illustrate how over time the architectural
elements of the doorway have changed their
initial constructional function to acquire purely
decorative and symbolic significance. The
trapezoidal
shape loses its tectonic function and
enters the iconography of plastic or painted
decoration in cult buildings to indicate either
an actual or a false doorway. As part of the
doorway, the door itself, whether painted or
functional, retains its symbolic meaning. The
trapezoidal outline remains one of the universal
solutions to the form of the doorway s opening.
Discussed in detail by Vitruvius, the trapezoidal
doorway frame of cult buildings in antiquity
continues to be used in the
1st
mill.
ADE
and
establishes itself as a popular type of doorway
in Europe s cult architecture. Later described
and recommended by
Alberti
for cult buildings
during the Renaissance, the trapezoidal
doorway remains in use during the succeeding
centuries.
Chapter Two
Architecture and Symbolism of
Non-Load-Bearing Architectural Elements
of Thracian Cult Buildings
Chapter Two Abstract: In cult architecture,
all elements inside and outside the building
are informed by the specific religion, its
symbols, principles, and rules for the behavior
and movement within the designated sacred
territory. In the prehistoric era (5th
- 2nd
mill.
ВСЕ),
each constructional element occupied
a particular place and carried out a concrete
function which were clearly expressed in the
architectural design. However, in the
1st
mill.
ВСЕ,
in the Mediterranean, architectural
elements which had a constructional role in the
building s space began to change their function.
Whether these elements were built, cut, or even
painted, they began to imitate rather than fulfil
their load-bearing purpose. This chapter poses
the question about the role and significance
of specific architectural elements which do
not have a constructional (for instance load-
bearing) or ortherwise necessary function
yet participate invariably within the internal
and external space of Thracian cult buildings.
The chapter illustrates and discusses at length
architectural elements such as column, half
column, pilaster,
lesene,
figures in high relief,
dentils, and faceted (coffered) ceilings which
lost their constrictive meaning and became
part of the interior and exterior decoration.
In order to contextualize and explicate their
role and significance, the chapter draws on the
knowledge and understandings of the ancients
about the universe, man, and the laws that
govern both; it further seeks answers in the
cult and religious notions and requirements
available to the ancient architect and observed
in the very architectural design.
Based on the concept of architecture as
an idea embodied through the materiality of
the construction method, building material,
and decoration, the chapter goes on to argue
that the meaning and role of non-load-bearing
architectural elements in cult buildings must
be located precisely in the symbols and ideas
they manifest and communicate to the Thracian
ruler and/or Thracian society. To support this
argument, the chapter studies and analyzes
non-constructional architectural elements in
several Thracian cult buildings excavated under
mounds. Analysis of the construction methods
and execution, and of the positioning of the
non-constructional architectural elements within
the building s plan confirms these elements
non-load-bearing function.
The first of the chapter s three parts,
Description , presents the cult buildings and
their architectural elements. The description
is augmented through concrete observations,
commentary, and assertions, especially when
a particular problem or building has not
been discussed previously in any scholarly
publication. Based on the performed analysis,
this part draws a set of conclusions suggesting
that the number of non-load-bearing elements
inside or outside the Thracian cult building is
10, 7, 4, 2
and/or
1.
The use of such specific
numbers in incorporating these elements
in the building must be connected to the
symbolic status and cult significance of the very
numbers, which carry symbolic meaning and
convey concrete information.
The second part, Analysis and
Interpretation, examines the positioning
of non-load-bearing elements (such as
half column, pilaster, and
lesene) in
the
cult building s plan and space. It takes the
knowledge available today on Pythogoras
theories about numbers, geometric figures and
bodies and on the movement of matter as a
useful tool for the interpretation of Thracian
cult architecture. In analyzing and interpreting
the number, meaning, and function of non-
load bearing elements, this part relies on
ancient and modern scholarly texts as well
as on the philosophy of the Pythagorean
school and its connection to the teaching
of Orphism. The ancient tradition relates
Orphism to the philosophy of the Pythogorean
school and its followers, among whom were
Thracians. According to the Jewish historian
and Roman citizen Josephus
Flavius,
Thracian
customs provided one of the sources for the
Pythogorean teaching. This, on one hand,
allows a link to be made between Thracian
spiritual and material culture and Pythogorean
philosophy, and on the other, to trace the
reflection of Thracian customs in Thracian cult
architecture.
The third part, Symbolism, explores the
symbolic function of non-load-bearing elements
within the architecture of the cult building. A
brief overview of the Pythogorean teachings
about the symbolism of numbers and their
key role in the maintenance of universal
harmony suggests that the interpretation of
cult architecture must approach architectural
elements, colors, or decorative patterns
in terms of the meanings, relations, and
interactions of numbers. This part asserts
that Thracian cult architecture and the ideas
it embodies are expressed intentionally
through the harmonious interaction between
numerical relations, mathematical proportions
and constructs, geometric and trigonometric
figures and bodies, all of which partake in the
architectural process.
The connection drawn between Thracian
architecture and the Pythogorean teachings
offers a new understanding of Thracian
cult architecture in the context of ancient
mathematics, geometry, astronomy, music,
and architecture. The circle, square, cube, and
sphere emerge as key figures and symbols in
both Pythogorean philosophy and Thracian cult
architecture. The building of round- and square-
plan chambers, of cubic or spherical spaces, or
the use of a specific number of columns, half
Методика зэ научно
изследване на тракийската
архитектура
columns and lesenes of a particular height or
shape, is always the result of a well designed
symbolic program. The circular movement
and the spiral as elements of Thracian art and
cult architecture trace the path the initiated
must follow before crossing the final boundary
beyond which awaits eternity.
Chapter Three
The Female Figures in Ginina
Mogiła:
Caryatids or Not?
Representations and
Parallels in Thracian Art
Chapter Three Abstract: Having begun with
the design of entrance doorways and then
discussed architectural elements without any
load-bearing or other constructional purpose,
the book s second part concludes with a third
chapter on the sculptural decoration of the
architectural space. Specifically, the third
chapter examines high-relief representations of
the female figure in Thracian cult architecture
with respect to the existing scholarly
terminology, as well as draws connections to
the Thracian toreutic tradition. The chapter
further studies the female figures role within
architectural and pictorial space and their
specific iconography.
The chapter is divided into three parts.
The first part, Origin, Definition, and
Interpretation of the Term Caryatid discusses
the meaning of the term caryatid since
antiquity. It debates the problematic use of
the term in Bulgarian scholarly publications
concerning the ten female figures from the
interior of the cult building under the mound
Ginina
Mogiła,
dated to the end of 4th and the
beginning of
3rd
century
ВСЕ.
This part places
the term in its original architectural context:
the architecture of the building and the
position and function of the caryatid and then
it argues that the ten female figures carved in
high relief onto the three walls of the central
chamber of Ginina
Mogiła
are not caryatids as
commonly asserted by Bulgarian scholars.
The second part, Spatial Positioning
and Symbolic Significance of Caryatids in
Architecture, focuses on the placement
and symbolism of the caryatid as an
architectural element. To illustrate the original
definition of caryatid and to prove its
misapplication in describing the ten female
figures in Ginina
mogiła,
this part examines
different architectural monuments from the
Mediterranean dated to the same historical
period, where this term has been used. A
wealth of examples is used to show that the
exact same term was applied to female figures
of very different function, style and meaning,
without careful consideration of their particular
iconography, arrangement, and spatial
positioning within a given structure.
The third part, Comparative Analysis of
the Female Figures in Ginina
Mogiła
and
Female Figures in Thracian Art, juxtaposes
the ten female figures in the Ginina
Mogiła
tomb with depictions of women on several
Thracian vessels dated between 5th and
3rd
centuries
ВСЕ.
Regardless of the material in
which they are executed, the images display
almost identical facial features and expressions,
which differ significantly from the Classical
(ancient Greek) portrayal of the female face.
This part argues that the shared
iconographie
practice suggests the existence of a uniform
Thracian pan-artistic system for the portrayal
of female physiognomy, a system that reflects
the physique of the Thracian woman, as well
as the Thracians conception of female deities
and their attendant priestesses. The last part
of chapter three reveals the possibilities of a
shared
iconographie
practice between sculpture
and Thracian toreutics and poses questions that
open new directions for the investigation of
Thracian gender iconography.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Ruseva, Malvina Stilijanova 20./21. Jh |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1020754877 |
| author_facet | Ruseva, Malvina Stilijanova 20./21. Jh |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Ruseva, Malvina Stilijanova 20./21. Jh |
| author_variant | m s r ms msr |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041358411 |
| ctrlnum | (gbd)1035743 (OCoLC)864561059 (DE-599)BVBBV041358411 |
| edition | 1. izd. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV041358411 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:54:52Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789548594431 |
| language | Bulgarian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026806827 |
| oclc_num | 864561059 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 182 S. zahlr. Ill. |
| psigel | gbd_4_1401 |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Bălgarska Akad. na Naukite, Inst. za Izsledvane na Izkustvata |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Ruseva, Malvina Stilijanova 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)1020754877 aut Metodika za naučno izsledvane na trakijskata architektura analizi, tălkuvane, simvolika Malvina Ruseva 1. izd. Sofija Bălgarska Akad. na Naukite, Inst. za Izsledvane na Izkustvata 2013 182 S. zahlr. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier PST: Methodology for the scholarly investigation of Thracian architecture. - In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Methodologie (DE-588)4139716-2 gnd rswk-swf Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 gnd rswk-swf Architektur (DE-588)4002851-3 gnd rswk-swf Thraker (DE-588)4119600-4 gnd rswk-swf Thraker, Randkulturen (DE-2581)TH000003491 gbd Thraker (DE-588)4119600-4 s Architektur (DE-588)4002851-3 s Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 s Methodologie (DE-588)4139716-2 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026806827&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026806827&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Ruseva, Malvina Stilijanova 20./21. Jh Metodika za naučno izsledvane na trakijskata architektura analizi, tălkuvane, simvolika Methodologie (DE-588)4139716-2 gnd Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 gnd Architektur (DE-588)4002851-3 gnd Thraker (DE-588)4119600-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4139716-2 (DE-588)4017894-8 (DE-588)4002851-3 (DE-588)4119600-4 |
| title | Metodika za naučno izsledvane na trakijskata architektura analizi, tălkuvane, simvolika |
| title_auth | Metodika za naučno izsledvane na trakijskata architektura analizi, tălkuvane, simvolika |
| title_exact_search | Metodika za naučno izsledvane na trakijskata architektura analizi, tălkuvane, simvolika |
| title_full | Metodika za naučno izsledvane na trakijskata architektura analizi, tălkuvane, simvolika Malvina Ruseva |
| title_fullStr | Metodika za naučno izsledvane na trakijskata architektura analizi, tălkuvane, simvolika Malvina Ruseva |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metodika za naučno izsledvane na trakijskata architektura analizi, tălkuvane, simvolika Malvina Ruseva |
| title_short | Metodika za naučno izsledvane na trakijskata architektura |
| title_sort | metodika za naucno izsledvane na trakijskata architektura analizi talkuvane simvolika |
| title_sub | analizi, tălkuvane, simvolika |
| topic | Methodologie (DE-588)4139716-2 gnd Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 gnd Architektur (DE-588)4002851-3 gnd Thraker (DE-588)4119600-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Methodologie Forschung Architektur Thraker |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026806827&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026806827&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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