EU labour law:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Copenhagen
DJØF Publ.
2013
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| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 553 S. |
| ISBN: | 9788757425666 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804151418498580480 |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE 25
CHAPTER ONE. INTRODUCTION
1 MAIN PURPOSE OF THE BOOK 27
1.1. FROM INTERNAL MARKET LAW TO FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS/EMU LAW .... 27
1.2 FROM MANY SEPARATE LEGAL SYSTEMS TO A ONE BIG SYSTEM
MODEL 29
2 TERMINOLOGY: LABOUR LAW, WELFARE RIGHTS AND THE
CONSTITUTIONALISATION OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL MODEL 31
2.1 LABOUR LAW 31
2.2 WELFARE RIGHTS 32
2.3 CONSTITUTIONALISATION OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL MODEL 33
2.3.1 THE TWO LAYERS OF THE ECONOMIC CONSTITUTION OF THE
EU 34
2.3.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LABOUR LAW AND THE
ECONOMIC CONSTITUTION OF THE EU 35
3 THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH: CRITICAL LEGAL POSITIVISM
AND LEGAL REALISM 36
3.1 LEGAL REALISM 37
3.2 CRITICAL LEGAL POSITIVISM 39
4 EUROPEAN LEGAL METHOD - DOCTRINE OF THE SOURCES OF LAW AND THEIR
INTERPRETATION 40
5 DELIMITATIONS 41
5.1 NOT INTER-DISCIPLINARY 41
5.2 NOT A SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF SPECIFIC NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEMS
42
CHAPTER TWO. SOURCES OF EU LABOUR LAW
1 INTRODUCTION 43
2 PHASES IN THE DEVELOPMENT 44
2.1 BEFORE THE EC/EU 45
2.2 FROM ROME TO MAASTRICHT: THE COMMUNITY BEFORE THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION 45
2.2.1 THE LATE 1950 S AND THE 1960 S 46
CONTENTS
2.2.2 THE 1970 S: LEGAL ACTIVISM 46
2.2.3 THE 1980 S 47
2.3 FROM MAASTRICHT UNTIL TODAY (2013) 50
2.3.1 FROM MAASTRICHT TO AMSTERDAM. THE TWO TRACKS:
UK AND THE 11 OTHER EU-COUNTRIES 51
2.3.2 FROM AMSTERDAM TO LISBON 53
2.3.3 THE CURRENT POST-LISBON PERIOD 53
3 PRIMARY EU LAW 54
3.1 THE TREATIES 54
3.1.1 GENERAL VALUES AND OBJECTIVES OF THE EC/EU 55
3.1.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF EU LABOUR LAW 56
3.1.3 THE PRINCIPLE OF CONFERRAL 57
3.1.4 EXPANSION OF EU LEGISLATIVE COMPETENCE IN MATTERS
OF LABOUR LAW 59
3.1.5 CURRENT LEGAL BASES FOR EU SECONDARY LEGISLATION
IN MATTERS OF EMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR 59
3.1.6 MINIMUM HARMONIZATION OR FULL HARMONIZATION 62
3.1.7 FROM UNANIMITY TO QUALIFIED MAJORITY VOTING IN
COUNCIL 65
3.2 FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS, IN PARTICULAR FUNDAMENTAL LABOUR AND
EMPLOYMENT RIGHTS IN THE EU 65
3.2.1 THE CASE LAW OF THE CJEU ON FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 66
3.2.2 THE 1977 JOINT DECLARATION ON FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
AND THE ECHR 70
3.2.3 THE COMMUNITY CHARTER OF THE FUNDAMENTAL SOCIAL
RIGHTS OF WORKERS 1989 70
3.2.4 TREATY PROVISIONS, IN PARTICULAR ARTICLE 6 TEU AND
ARTICLE 151 TFEU 71
3.2.5 THE CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF THE
EUROPEAN UNION (CFREU) 2000/2007 72
3.2.6 CHANGES IN THE LEGAL BASIS OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
AFTER THE LISBON TREATY 73
3.2.7 SUBSTANTIVE CONTENT OF THE CFREU 74
3.2.8 LEGAL EFFECT OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS INTERNALLY IN
EU LAW 75
3.2.9 LEGAL EFFECT IN NATIONAL LAW OF CFREU AND OTHER
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EU
LAW 75
3.2.10 FREE MOVEMENT AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS. THE
DOUBLE JUSTIFICATION TEST 82
CONTENTS
3.2.11 COMPETING FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 84
3.3. GENERAL PRINCIPLES 84
3.3.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF EQUAL TREATMENT IN LABOUR LAW .. 84
3.3.2 CONSULTATION 85
4 SECONDARY EU LAW 85
4.1 DIRECTIVES 85
4.2 SOCIAL PARTNERS AND COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS AT EU LEVEL 85
4.3 RECOMMENDATIONS 87
5 CASE LAW 87
6 SOFT LAW 89
6.1 THE COMMUNITY CHARTER OF THE FUNDAMENTAL SOCIAL RIGHTS
OF WORKERS 1989 89
6.2 SOCIAL ACTION PROGRAMMES 89
6.3 THE OPEN METHOD OF COORDINATION (OMC) 90
6.4 THE LISBON STRATEGY 90
6.5 THE EUROPE 2020 STRATEGY 91
6.6 THE EUROPEAN SEMESTER 92
7 SCHOLARLY LEGAL WRITING 93
8 PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW 94
8.1 INTERNATIONAL DOCTRINE OF SOURCES OF LAW 94
8.2 WTO 95
8.3 ILO (INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION) 96
8.3.1 TRIPARTITE STRUCTURE 96
8.3.2 CONSTITUTION: LABOUR IS NOT A COMMODITY 96
8.3.3 CONVENTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 97
8.3.4 FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 97
8.3.5 REFERENCE TO ILO LAW IN EU LABOUR LAW 97
8.4 COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTIONS 98
8.4.1 1ECHR (EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
1950) 98
8.4.2 COUNCIL OF EUROPE SOCIAL CHARTER 1961, AMENDED
BY THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE REVISED SOCIAL CHARTER
1996 100
8.5 CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW: LABOUR IS NOT A COMMODITY 102
8.6 INTERNATIONAL SOFT LAW 103
9 NATIONAL LAW 104
9.1 NATIONAL LAW AS A SOURCE OFEU LABOUR LAW 104
9.2 EU REQUIREMENTS TO NATIONAL LAW 104
9.2.1 HORISONTAL DIRECT EFFECT 104
CONTENTS
9.2.2 DUTY TO INTERPRET NATIONAL LAW IN CONFORMITY WITH
EU LAW 106
9.2.3 REFERENCE TO ECHR AS A SOURCE OF LAW 107
9.2.4 GENERALISATION OF LABOUR LAW IN THE FIELD OF EQUALITY
ANDNON- DISCRIMINATION 107
9.2.5 DOUBLE AIM - BOTH ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL 108
9.2.6 MINIMUM HARMONIZATION 108
9.2.7 ENFORCEMENT 108
9.3 CHANGES IN NATIONAL DOCTRINES OF THE SOURCES OF LAW:
DIMINISHING ROLE OF COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS AND PREPARATORY
WORKS 109
9.3.1 COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS 109
9.3.2 PREPARATORY WORKS 110
10 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL LABOUR LAW, EU LABOUR LAW
AND NATIONAL LABOUR LAW 110
10.1 NATIONAL LAW AND INTERNATIONAL LAW: THE MONIST AND DUALIST
APPROACH IN NATIONAL LAW 111
10.2 PRE-EC/EU INTERNATIONAL LAW OBLIGATIONS WHICH ARE
INCONSISTENT WITH EU LAW 113
CHAPTER THREE. COLLECTIVE LABOUR LAW: THE RIGHT TO ORGANISE,
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND INDUSTRIAL ACTION
1 INTRODUCTION 115
2 SOURCES OF LAW 115
2.1 NATIONAL LAW 115
2.2 PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW 116
2.2.1 ILOLAW 116
2.2.2 COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTIONS 117
2.3 EU LAW 118
2.3.1 THE COMMUNITY CHARTER OF THE FUNDAMENTAL SOCIAL
RIGHTS OF WORKERS 1989 119
2.3.2 GUIDELINES FOR THE ECONOMIC POLICIES IN TH EMU 121
2.3.3 CFREU 121
2.3.4 FREE MOVEMENT OF WORKERS 123
2.3.5 CASE LAW 123
3 POSITIVE RIGHT OF ASSOCIATION 124
3.1 RUTILI 125
3.2 VOGT 125
3.3 MOSER 126
3.4 WILSON 127
CONTENTS
THE NEGATIVE FREEDOM TO ORGANISE. CLOSED SHOP AGREEMENTS 129
4.1 BRITISH RAIL 129
4.2 SIBSON 130
4.3 SIGURJONSSON 131
4.4 GUSTAFSSON 132
4.5 SORENSEN AND RAMUSSEN 133
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING 136
5.1 GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC 136
5.2 MAIN DIFFERENCES AT NATIONAL LEVEL 137
5.3 PARTIES TO A COLLECTIVE AGREEMENT 138
5.3.1 ON THE EMPLOYER SIDE 138
5.3.2 CAPACITY OF TRADE UNIONS TO CONCLUDE COLLECTIVE
AGREEMENTS 139
5.4 OBLIGATORY AND NORMATIVE EFFECT OF COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS .. 140
5.5 OBLIGATORY (OR CONTRACTUAL) EFFECT 141
5.6 THE NORMATIVE EFFECT OF COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS 142
5.6.1 MANDATORY NORMATIVE EFFECT 142
5.6.2 RESIDUAL NORMATIVE EFFECT 142
5.7 PERSONAL SCOPE OF THE MANDATORY EFFECT 143
5.7.1 WHICH EMPLOYERS ARE BOUND? ERGA OMNES EFFECT.. 143
5.7.2 TOWARDS WHICH EMPLOYEES IS THE EMPLOYER BOUND 144
5.8 NEGOTIATING COMPETENCE AND OBLIGATIONS 144
5.9 COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS AND COMPETITION LAW 146
5.10 COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS IN THE HIERARCHY OF THE SOURCES OF
LAW 147
5.11 SEMI-MANDATORY STATUTORY LEGISLATION 148
COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS AT EUROPEAN LEVEL 149
6.1 ENTERPRISE LEVEL CROSS-BORDER COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS 149
6.2 EU WIDE COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS 149
6.2.1 FRAMEWORK AGREEMENTS AS FIRST STEPS TO DIRECTIVES ... 150
6.2.2 AUTONOMOUS FRAMEWORK AGREEMENTS 150
6.3 THE UEAPME CASE 151
6.3.1 RIGHT OR DUTY TO NEGOTIATE 152
6.3.2 REPRESENTATIVITY 153
6.3.3 THE PRINCIPLE OF DEMOCRACY 154
6.4 USE OF COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS AS MEANS TO TRANSPOSE
DIRECTIVES INTO NATIONAL LAW 154
INDUSTRIAL ACTION 160
7.1 SOURCES OF LAW 160
7.1.1 ILO CONVENTIONS 160
CONTENTS
7.1.2 COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTIONS 161
7.1.3 EULAW 163
7.2 CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AND CONFLICTS OF RIGHT 163
7.3 PEACE OBLIGATION 164
7.4 THE RIGHT TO STRIKE AS A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT. MONTI I
REGULATION 164
8 INTERPLAY BETWEEN NATIONAL COLLECTIVE LABOUR LAW AND FREE
MOVEMENT 165
8.1 VIKING 166
8.2 LAVAL 167
8.2.1 LAVAL IN ITS HISTORICAL CONTEXT - THE LAW BEFORE
LISBON 167
8.2.2 FACTS OF THE LAVAL CASE 168
8.2.3 THE PROGRESS OF THE LAVAL CASE 169
8.2.4 THE INDUSTRIAL ACTION: BLOCKADE AND SYMPATHETIC
ACTION 170
8.2.5 LEGAL PROBLEM 171
8.2.5.1 IS COLLECTIVE ACTION COVERED BY EU LAW OR A PURELY
NATIONAL ISSUE? 171
8.2.5.2 TRANSPARENCY 171
8.2.5.3 LEGITIMATE GOAL 171
8.2.5.4 EU COMPETENCE 172
8.2.5.5 DISCRIMINATION 172
8.2.5.6 FREE MOVEMENT IN A PRIVATE LAW CONTEXT. DIRECT,
HORIZONTAL EFFECT 173
8.2.6 DEBATE ABOUT LAVAL 173
8.2.6.1 RELEVANCE OF ILO LAW 174
8.2.6.2 IGNORANCE OF COLLECTIVE LABOUR LAW 175
8.2.6.3 LINGUISTIC CARELESSNESS 175
8.2.7 THE WITHDRAWN PROPOSAL FOR A MONTI II REGULATION . 176
8.3 RUFFERT 177
8.4 COMMISSION V LUXEMBOURG 180
8.5 COMMISSION V GERMANY 180
CHAPTER FOUR. INFORMATION, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION
1 INTRODUCTION 181
2 SOURCES OF LAW 182
2.1 PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW AND NATIONAL LAW 182
2.2 EU LAW 183
2.2.1 GENERAL 183
10
CONTENTS
2.2.2 EU-RULES ON INFORMATION AND CONSULTATION AT
NATIONAL LEVEL 184
2.2.3 INFORMATION, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION AT
TRANSNATIONAL LEVEL 185
2.2.4 TRADITIONAL DIRECTIVES, NO FRAMEWORK AGREEMENTS
BETWEEN THE SOCIAL PARTNERS 186
GENERAL FRAMEWORK ON INFORMATION AND CONSULTATION AT NATIONAL
LEVEL 186
3.1 BACKGROUND TO THE DIRECTIVE 187
3.2 THE PREAMBLE TO THE DIRECTIVE 188
3.3 OBJECT AND PRINCIPLES 188
3.4 DEFINITIONS 189
3.4.1 UNDERTAKING 189
3.4.2 ESTABLISHMENT 189
3.4.3 EMPLOYER 189
3.4.4 EMPLOYEE 189
3.4.5 EMPLOYEES REPRESENTATIVES 189
3.4.6 INFORMATION AND CONSULTATION 189
3.5 SCOPE 190
3.6 PRACTICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR INFORMATION AND CONSULTATION 192
3.7 AGREEMENT 192
3.8 CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 193
3.9 PROTECTION OF EMPLOYEES REPRESENTATIVES 194
3.10 RELATION TO OTHER INFORMATION AND CONSULTATION PROVISIONS 195
EUROPEAN WORK S COUNCILS 196
4.1 BACKGOUND 196
4.2 OBJECTIVE 199
4.3 DEFINITIONS 200
4.3.1 EUROPEAN WORKS COUNCIL (EWC) 200
4.3.2 CONTROLLING UNDERTAKING 200
4.3.3 INFORMATION 200
4.3.4 CONSULTATION 201
4.4 RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A EUROPEAN WORKS
COUNCIL 202
4.4.1 INITIATIVE 202
4.4.2 GROUPS OF COMPANIES 202
4.5 SPECIAL NEGOTIATING BODY 204
4.6 AGREEMENT 205
4.7 SUBSIDIARY REQUIREMENTS 206
4.8 CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 208
11
CONTENTS
4.9 SPIRIT OF COOPERATION 210
4.10 ROLE AND CAPACITY OF EMPLOYEE REPRESENTATIVES 210
4.10.1 RESOURCES 210
4.10.2 TRAINING 210
4.10.3 SPREAD OF INFORMATION 210
4.10.4 PROTECTION 210
4.10.5 BALANCED REPRESENTATION 211
4.11 TRANSNATIONAL COMPETENCE OF E WC 211
4.12 LINKS WITH NATIONAL BODIES 211
4.13 ADAPTATION CLAUSE 212
EMPLOYEE INFORMATION, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION IN A
EUROPEAN COMPANY (SE) 212
5.1. ESTABLISHMENT OF SE S 212
5.2 EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT IN SE COMPANIES 213
5.3 AIMOF THE DIRECTIVE ON EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT 213
5.4 THE BEFORE AND AFTER PRINCIPLE 214
5.5 DEFINITIONS 214
5.5.1 SE 215
5.5.2 PARTICIPATING COMPANIES 215
5.5.3 SUBSIDIARY 215
5.5.4 CONCERNED SUBSIDIARY OR ESTABLISHMENT 215
5.5.5 EMPLOYEES REPRESENTATIVES 215
5.5.6 REPRESENTATIVE BODY 215
5.5.7 SPECIAL NEGOTIATING BODY 215
5.5.8 INVOLVEMENT OF EMPLOYEES 216
5.5.9 INFORMATION 216
5.5.10 CONSULTATION 216
5.5.11 PARTICIPATION 216
5.6 SPECIAL NEGOTIATION BODY 216
5.7 AGREEMENT 219
5.8 DURATION OF NEGOTIATIONS 220
5.9 STANDARD RULES 220
5.10 CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 224
EUROPEAN COOPERATIVE SOCIETY (SCE) 224
6.1 PRIORITY TO NEGOTIATION AND ALTERNATIVE ROUTE FOR SOME EX
NOVO SCES 226
6.2 TRANSNATIONAL NEGOTIATION PROCEDURE 226
6.3 AUTONOMY OF THE PARTIES AS TO THE CONTENT OF THE AGREEMENT ... 228
6.4 STANDARD RULES TO BE APPLIED IN THE ABSENCE OF AN AGREEMENT.. 228
12
CONTENTS
7 CROSS-BORDER MERGERS 230
7.1 ONLY RULES ON WORKER PARTICIPATION 231
8 THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC INTEREST GROUPING (EEIG) 234
CHAPTER FIVE. FREE MOVEMENT OF WORKERS AND UNION CITIZENS
1 INTRODUCTION 235
2 THE SOURCES OF LAW 236
3 MIGRANT WORKERS WITHIN THE EU 242
3.1 THE CONCEPT OF WORKER IN REGARD TO ARTICLE 45 TFEU 242
3.1.1 JOB SEEKERS 246
3.1.2 A-TYPICAL WORKERS 247
3.1.3 SOCIAL CLIENTS 248
3.1.4 FAMILY MEMBERS OF MIGRANT WORKERS 249
3.2 THE RIGHT TO MOVE TO AND RESIDE IN ANOTHER EU-COUNTRY 250
3.2.1 ARTICLE 45(3) TFEU 250
3.3 THE BAN ON DISCRIMINATION ON GROUNDS OF NATIONALITY 251
3.3.1 DIRECT DISCRIMINATION 252
3.3.2 INDIRECT DISCRIMINATION 253
3.3.3 REVERSE DISCRIMINATION 255
3.3.4 SOCIAL AND TAX ADVANTAGES 258
3.3.5 FIRST TIME JOB-SEEKERS 259
3.3.6 VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND EDUCATION 262
3.4 THE PUBLIC SECTOR 265
3.5 RESTRICTIONS TO THE FREE MOVEMENT OF WORKERS 267
3.6 ORDRE PUBLIC (PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC SECURITY AND PUBLIC
HEALTH) 269
3.6.1 SECONDARY LEGISLATION 269
3.6.2 THE ORDRE PUBLIC PROVISIONS IN THE FREE MOVEMENT
AND RESIDENCE DIRECTIVE 272
3.6.3 JUSTIFICATION OF RESTRICTIONS 273
3.6.4 OVERRIDING REASONS OF GENERAL INTEREST 273
3.6.5 THE PRINCIPLE OF TRANSPARENCY 274
3.7 MIGRANT WORKERS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 275
4 EU CITIZENSHIP 276
4.1 SOURCES OF LAW 278
4.2 THE RIGHT TO ENTRY AND RESIDENCE IN OTHER EU COUNTRIES 280
4.2.1 THE INITIAL PERIOD, 3-6 MONTHS 280
4.2.2 THE INTERMEDIATE PERIOD 280
4.2.3 PERMANENT RESIDENCE AFTER 5 YEARS 281
4.3 EQUAL TREATMENT 282
13
CONTENTS
4.4 SOCIAL SECURITY RIGHTS OF UNION CITIZENS 282
5 THIRD COUNTRY NATIONALS 283
5.1 DISCRIMINATION ON GROUNDS OF NATIONALITY WITH REGARD TO THIRD
COUNTRY NATIONALS 284
5.2 AGREEMENTS BETWEEN EU AND THIRD COUNTRIES 286
5.2.1 ICELAND, LIECHTENSTEIN AND NORWAY 286
5.2.2 SWITZERLAND 286
5.2.3 TURKEY 286
5.2.4 COUNTRIES WITH NO AGREEMENT 287
5.3 COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTION NO 93 ON THE LEGAL STATUS OF
MIGRANT WORKERS 288
5.4 LONG-TERM RESIDENTS 288
5.4.1 CONDITIONS FOR ACQUIRING STATUS AS LONG-TERM
RESIDENTS 288
5.4.2 EXCLUSION OF A-TYPICAL WORKERS 289
5.4.3 EQUAL TREATMENT 289
5.5 ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION 290
CHAPTER SIX. EQUALITY AND NON-DISCRIMINATION
1 INTRODUCTION 291
2 SOURCES OF LAW 292
2.1 PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW 292
2.1.1 ILO 292
2.1.2 COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTIONS 293
2.1.3 UNITED NATION CONVENTIONS 295
2.2 EU LAW FROM ROME TO AMSTERDAM 300
2.3 AFTER THE ADOPTION OF THE AMSTERDAM TREATY 303
2.3.1 GENDER EQUALITY 304
2.3.2 ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION 305
2.3.3 FRAMEWORK FOR EQUAL TREATMENT IN EMPLOYMENT AND
OCCUPATION REGARDLESS OF RELIGION OR BELIEF, AGE,
DISABILITY AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION 307
2.3.4 CFREU 308
3 BASIC DISCRIMINATION CONCEPTS 309
3.1 DIRECT DISCRIMINATION 310
3.2 INDIRECT DISCRIMINATION 311
3.3 HARASSMENT AND SEXUAL HARASSMENT 314
3.4 INSTRUCTION TO DISCRIMINATE 314
14
CONTENTS
4 GENDER EQUALITY 315
4.1 THE CONCEPT OF WORKER AND PREGNANT WORKER IN REGARD TO
GENDER EQUALITY 315
4.2 EQUAL PAY 315
4.2.1 THE DEFINITION OF PAY 317
4.2.2 PAY, PENSIONS AND SOCIAL SECURITY 317
4.2.3 JOB CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS 319
4.2.4 EDUCATION AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING 321
4.2.5 SENIORITY/EXPERIENCE 321
4.2.6 PART TIME DISCRIMINATION AS INDIRECT SEX
DISCRIMINATION 322
4.2.7 PART TIME AND OVERTIME PAYMENT 323
4.3 EQUAL TREATMENT AS REGARDS ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT, VOCATIONAL
TRAINING AND PROMOTION AND WORKING CONDITIONS 324
4.3.1 PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION 324
4.3.2 RETURN FROM MATERNITY LEAVE 325
4.3.3 DIFFERENT DISMISSAL AGES FOR MEN AND WOMEN 325
4.4 PREGNANCY AND MATERNITY/PATERNITY RELATED ISSUES 325
4.4.1 DISCRIMINATION IN THE ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT *
RECRUITMENT PROCESS AND MONITORING 326
4.4.2 THE REMUNERATION OF PREGNANT WORKERS AND WORKERS
ON MATERNITY LEAVE 328
4.4.3 DISMISSALS DURING MATERNITY AND PARENTAL LEAVE 329
4.4.4 EFFECTIVE JUDICIAL PROTECTION 330
4.4.5 THE PARENTAL LEAVE DIRECTIVE 331
4.4.6 FIXED-TERM CONTRACTS 333
4.4.7 BREASTFEEDING ETC 333
4.5 MAINSTREAMING 333
5 DISCRIMINATION ON GROUNDS OF RELIGION OR BELIEF 334
6 DISCRIMINATION ON GROUNDS OF AGE 336
6.1 PERMISSIBLE DIFFERENCES UNDER ARTICLE 6 OF DIRECTIVE
2000/78 337
6.2 RETIREMENT AGES 337
6.3 OTHER QUESTIONS 343
7 DISCRIMINATION ON GROUNDS OF DISABILITY 345
7.1 CONCEPT OF DISABILITY 346
7.2 EMPLOYER S DUTY TO REASONABLE ACCOMMODATION FOR DISABLED
PERSONS 347
8 DISCRIMINATION ON GROUNDS OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION 348
15
CONTENTS
9 GENERAL BAN ON DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT AND OCCUPATION 349
9.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF EQUAL APPLICATION OF EU LAW. ARTICLE 20
CFREU 349
9.2 ARTICLE 21 CFREU 350
10 EXCEPTIONS FROM THE BAN ON DISCRIMINATION 351
10.1 MATERNITY PROTECTION 351
10.2 PATERNITY AND ADOPTION LEAVE 351
10.3 POSITIVE ACTION 351
10.4 GENUINE OCCUPATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS 352
11 ENFORCEMENT AND MONITORING 353
11.1 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS 353
11.2 DEFENCE OF RIGHTS 354
11.3 BURDEN OF PROOF 355
11.4 VICTIMISATION 357
11.5 DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION 358
11.6 SOCIAL AND CIVIL DIALOGUE 358
11.7 BODIES FOR THE PROMOTION OF EQUAL TREATMENT 360
11.8 COMPENSATION OR REPARATION 361
11.9 SANCTIONS/PENALTIES 362
CHAPTER SEVEN. EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS AND EMPLOYMENT
RELATIONSHIPS
1 INTRODUCTION 365
2 SOURCES OF LAW 365
2.1 NATIONAL LAW 365
2.2 PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW 366
2.3 EU LAW 366
2.3.1 DIRECTIVES 366
2.3.2 FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 366
3 CHOICE OF LAW AND INTERNATIONAL JURISDICTION 367
3.1 THE ROME I REGULATION 367
3.2 THE ROME CONVENTION 369
4 POSTING OF WORKERS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE PROVISION OF SERVICES ....
369
4.1 SCOPE 369
4.2 AIM AND LEGAL BASIS OF THE POSTING OF WORKERS DIRECTIVE 370
4.3 POSTING OF WORKERS AND CHOICE OF LAW 371
4.4 MAIN CONTENT OF THE DIRECTIVE 372
4.5 STATUTORY MINIMUM STANDARDS 373
4.6 TOPICS WITHIN THE CORE AREA OF ARTICLE 3( 1) OF THE POSTING OF
WORKERS DIRECTIVE 374
16
CONTENTS
A.I MINIMUM WAGES 374
4.8 UNIVERSALLY APPLICABLE COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS 375
4.9 OUTSIDE OF THE CORE AREA. PUBLIC POLICY (ORDRE PUBLIC) 378
4.10 POSTING OF WORKERS AND COLLECTIVE ACTION 380
4.11 ILO CONVENTION 94 ON LABOUR CLAUSES IN PUBLIC CONTRACTS ... 381
INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS 383
EMPLOYER S OBLIGATION TO INFORM EMPLOYEES OF APPLICABLE WORKING
CONDITIONS 384
5.1 BACKGROUND 384
5.2 AIM 384
5.3 SCOPE 384
5.4 OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE INFORMATION 385
5.5 MEANS OF INFORMATION 387
5.6 EXPATRIATE EMPLOYEES 387
5.7 MINIMUM DIRECTIVE 388
5.8 DEFENCE OF RIGHTS 388
PART TIME WORK 389
6.1 BACKGROUND 389
6.2 SCOPE 389
6.3 DEFINITIONS 392
6.3.1 PART TIME WORKER 392
6.3.2 COMPARABLE FULL-TIME WORKER 392
6.4 THE PRINCIPLE OF NON-DISCRIMINATION 393
6.4.1 PROHIBITION AGAINST UNJUSTIFIED DISCRIMINATION
SOLELY ON GROUNDS OF PART TIME 393
6.4.2 PRO RATA TEMPORIS 395
6.4.3 JUSTIFICATION 396
6.5 OPPORTUNITIES FOR PART-TIME WORK 396
6.5.1 DUTIES OF MEMBER STATES AND SOCIAL PARTNERS 396
6.5.2 EMPLOYERS DUTIES 397
FIXED TERM CONTRACTS 397
7.1 BACKGROUND 397
7.1.1 THE FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT ON FIXED-TERM WORK 397
7.2 PURPOSE 398
7.3 SCOPE 399
7.4 DEFINITIONS 399
7.4.1 FIXED TERM WORKER 400
7.4.2 COMPARABLE PERMANENT WORKER 400
7.5 NON-DISCRIMINATION 400
7.6 MEASURES TO PREVENT ABUSE 403
17
CONTENTS
7.7 INFORMATION AND EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES 408
7.8 INFORMATION AND CONSULTATION 408
7.9 PROVISIONS ON IMPLEMENTATION 408
7.10 WORKING ENVIRONMENT 409
8 TEMPORARY AGENCY WORK 410
8.1 BACKGROUND 410
8.1.1 PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW 410
8.1.2 CONSULTATIONS WITH SOCIAL PARTNERS 411
8.1.3 PROPOSALS FROM THE COMMISSION 412
8.1.4 FLEXIBILITY AND ADAPTATION TO A FUNDAMENTAL
RIGHTS/EMU PERSPECTIVE AND GLOBALISATION 412
8.2 AIM OF THE TEMPORARY WORKS AGENCY DIRECTIVE 412
8.3 SCOPE OF THE DIRECTIVE 413
8.4 DEFINITIONS 413
8.4.1 WORKER 413
8.4.2 TEMPORARY-WORK AGENCY 413
8.4.3 TEMPORARY AGENCY WORKER 414
8.4.4 USER UNDERTAKING 414
8.4.5 ASSIGNMENT 414
8.4.6 BASIC WORKING AND EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS 414
8.4.7 RELATIONSHIP TO NATIONAL LAW 414
8.5 RESTRICTIONS OR PROHIBITIONS ON THE USE OF TEMPORARY AGENCY
WORK 415
8.6 THE PRINCIPLE OF EQUAL TREATMENT 416
8.6.1 WORKING TIME 416
8.6.2 PAY 416
8.7 DUTIES OF THE USER COMPANY 418
8.8 NO RECRUITMENT FEES. FREE OF CHARGE PLACEMENT SERVICES AS A
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT 418
8.9 TEMPORARY AGENCY WORK AND POSTING OF WORKERS 418
9 EMPLOYMENT AND REMUNERATION 419
10 DISMISSAL 419
CHAPTER EIGHT. RESTRUCTURING OF BUSINESSES
1 INTRODUCTION 421
2 SOURCES OF LAW 421
2.1 NATIONAL LAW AND PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW 421
2.2 EU SOFT LAW 422
2.3 EU DIRECTIVES 423
2.4 PRIMARY EU LAW 423
18
CONTENTS
2.5 MUST EU FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS BE OBSERVED IN THE CONTEXT OF
COLLECTIVE REDUNDANCIES, TRANSFER OF UNDERTAKINGS AND
INSOLVENCY OF THE EMPLOYER? 424
2.6 CASE LAW 424
COLLECTIVE REDUNDANCIES 424
3.1 WHAT IS A COLLECTIVE REDUNDANCY? 424
3.2 SCOPE OF THE DIRECTIVE 426
3.2.1 TERMINATION AS A RESULT OF A JUDICIAL DECISION ON
GROUNDS OF INSOLVENCY 426
3.2.2 FIXED-TERM WORK 427
3.2.3 PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES 427
3.2.4 CREWS OF SEAGOING VESSELS 428
3.3. GROUPS OF COMPANIES 428
3.4 ENFORCEMENT. INDIVIDUAL OR COLLECTIVE 428
3.5 MINIMUM DIRECTIVE 429
3.6 OTHER QUESTIONS 429
3.7 CONSULTATIONS 429
3.7.1 WHEN SHOULD CONSULTATIONS BE HELD? 430
3.7.2 WHAT SHOULD THE CONSULTATIONS COVER? 430
3.7.3 EXTERNAL EXPERTS 431
3.7.4 INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED BY THE EMPLOYER 431
3.8 NOTIFICATION OF THE COMPETENT AUTHORITY 431
3.9 INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS 431
TRANSFER OF UNDERTAKINGS 432
4.1 MAIN PROBLEMS 433
4.2 NATIONAL BACKGROUND 433
4.3 AIM OF THE DIRECTIVE 433
4.4 DEFINITIONS 434
4.4.1 TRANSFEROR 434
4.4.2 TRANSFEREE 434
4.4.3 REPRESENTATIVES OF EMPLOYEES 434
4.4.4 EMPLOYEE 434
4.4.5 CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT OR EMPLOYMENT
RELATIONSHIP 434
4.4.5.1 IN RELATION TO NATIONAL LAW 435
4.4.5.2 TRANSFERS IN GROUPS OF COMPANIES. WHO IS THE
EMPLOYER? 435
4.5 SCOPE. WHEN IS THERE A TRANSFER WITHIN THE MEANING OF EU
LAW? 436
4.5.1 CHANGE OF EMPLOYER NOT OF OWNER IS DECISIVE 436
19
CONTENTS
4.5.1.1 CHANGE OG EMPLOYER WITHOUT CHANGE OG OWNERSHIP 436
4.5.1.2 CHANGE OF OWNERSHIP WITHOUT CHANGE OF EMPLOYER.
PURCHASES OF SHARES 438
4.5.2 BROAD OR NARROW INTERPRETATION 438
4.5.3 AN ECONOMIC ENTITY WHICH RETAINS ITS IDENTITY 439
4.5.4 CONTRACTING OUT 440
4.5.5 ORGANISATIONAL AUTONOMY 442
4.5.6 ALL UNDERTAKINGS, PUBLIC OR PRIVATE, WHICH ARE
ENGAGED IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 442
4.6 LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF THERE BEING A TRANSFER: SAFEGUARDING
OF EMPLOYEES RIGHTS 444
4.6.1 UNCHANGED CONTINUANCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL CONTRACT
OF EMPLOYMENT 445
4.6.2 COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS 446
4.7 DISMISSALS 449
4.8 MANDATORY 450
4.9 DEROGATIONS 450
4.10 EMPLOYEE REPRESENTATIVES/TRADE UNIONS 450
4.11 INFORMATION 451
4.12 CONSULTATION 452
4.13 PARTICIPATION 453
5 EMPLOYER INSOLVENCY 453
5.1 BACKGROUND 453
5.2 MAIN PROBLEMS 455
5.3 SCOPE OF THE CURRENT DIRECTIVE 455
5.4 DEFINITIONS 455
INSOLVENCY 455
CONCEPTS DEFINED BY NATIONAL LAW 456
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS 456
5.5 GUARANTEE INSTITUTIONS 456
5.6 TRANSNATIONAL SITUATIONS - PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 457
5.7 ENFORCEMENT 459
CHAPTER NINE. WORKING ENVIRONMENT LAW
1 INTRODUCTION 461
2 THE SOURCES OF LAW 461
2.1 INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LABOUR LAW 461
2.2 EU LABOUR LAW 462
20
CONTENTS
3 FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE ON WORKING ENVIRONMENT 464
3.1 LEGAL BASIS 465
3.2 OBJECTIVE 465
3.3 THE CONCEPT OF WORKING ENVIRONMENT 465
3.4 SCOPE 467
3.5 DEFINITIONS 467
3.5.1 WORKERS 467
3.5.2 EMPLOYERS: EU LAW AND CORPORATE ENTERPRISE 467
3.5.3 WORKERS REPRESENTATIVES 469
3.6 GENERAL PROVISIONS 469
3.7 OBLIGATIONS OF THE EMPLOYER 470
3.7.1 EMPLOYER S LIABILITY 470
3.7.2 GENERAL OBLIGATIONS OF EMPLOYERS 472
3.7.3 THE PRINCIPLE OF PREVENTION 473
3.7.4 THE PRINCIPLE OF RISK EVALUATION 473
3.8 SERIOUS, IMMINENT AND UNAVOIDABLE DANGER 473
3.9 INFORMATION, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION 474
3.9.1 OBJECTIVE 474
3.9.2 INFORMATION 474
3.9.3 CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION 475
3.9.4 BALANCED PARTICIPATION IN ADVANCE AND IN DUE
TIME 475
3.9.5 PROTECTION OF WORKERS 476
3.9.6 TRAINING 477
4 INDIVIDUAL DIRECTIVES 477
5 VULNERABLE GROUPS 480
5.1 WOMEN AS COMPARED TO MEN: NIGHT WORK FOR WOMEN 480
5.2 CHILDREN AND YOUNG PERSONS 481
5.3 PREGNANCY AND MATERNITY/PATERNITY 482
5.3.1 THE PREGNANCY DIRECTIVE 482
5.3.2 PURPOSE 483
5.3.3 DEFINITIONS 484
5.3.4 GUIDELINES 485
5.3.5 RISK ASSESSMENT AND INFORMATION 485
5.3.6 ACTION FURTHER TO THE RESULTS OF THE ASSESSMENT 485
5.3.7 CASES IN WHICH EXPOSURE IS PROHIBITED 486
5.3.8 NIGHT WORK 486
5.3.9 MATERNITY LEAVE 487
5.3.10 TIME OFF FOR ANTE-NATAL EXAMINATIONS 487
5.3.11 PROHIBITION OF DISMISSAL 487
21
CONTENTS
5.3.12 EMPLOYMENT RIGHTS 489
WORKING TIME 490
6.1 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 490
6.2 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 490
6.3 DEFINITIONS 491
6.3.1 WORKING TIME 491
6.3.2 REST PERIOD 491
6.3.3 NIGHTTIME 491
6.3.4 NIGHT WORKER 491
6.3.5 SHIFTWORK 492
6.3.6 SHIFT WORKER 492
6.3.7 MOBILE WORKER 492
6.3.8 OFFSHORE WORK 492
6.3.9 ADEQUATE REST 492
6.4 MAIN CONTENT OF THE CURRENT DIRECTIVE 493
6.5 WEEKLY WORKING TIME 493
6.6 DAILY REST PERIOD 493
6.7 REST BREAK DURING WORKING TIME 494
6.8 WEEKLY REST PERIOD OF 24 UNINTERRUPTED HOURS 494
6.9 PAID ANNUAL LEAVE 494
6.9.1 QUALIFYING PERIOD OF EMPLOYMENT 495
6.9.2 ILLNESS 495
6.9.3 PRO RATA TEMPORIS PRINCIPLE 496
6.9.4 ANNUAL LEAVE AND MATERNITY/PARENTAL LEAVE 496
6.9.5 DIFFERENT TREATMENT OF WORKERS (ARBEITER) AND
SALARIED EMPLOYEES (ANGESTELLTE) 497
6.10 ON CALL SERVICE 498
6.11 REFERENCE PERIODS 498
6.12 DEROGATIONS 499
STRESS, HARASSMENT AND VIOLENCE AT WOEK 501
7.1 STRESS 501
7.2 HARASSMENT AND VIOLENCE 503
FREE MOVEMENT ON THE INTERNAL MARKET AND WORKING ENVIRONMENT
PROTECTION 503
8.1 CE MARKING 504
8.2 REACH ......... Z.ZZZZ 505
8.3 CASE LAW 505
8.3.1 SOCIETA ITALIANA PETROLI 505
8.3.2 YONEMOTO 507
22
CONTENTS
8.3.3 AGM-COS.MET 508
8.3.3.1 FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS (QUESTIONS 1, 3 AND 4) 513
8.3.3.2 JUSTIFICATION (QUESTIONS 3 AND 4) 513
8.3.3.3 LIABILITY OF THE FINNISH STATE AND OF OFFICIALS
(QUESTIONS 5 AND 6) 514
CHAPTER TEN. CONCLUSION
1 UNDERLYING RATIONALES 517
1.1 HISTORICAL PERIOD 519
1.2 SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF EU LABOUR LAW 519
1.3 ECONOMIC AND INTERNAL AND GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE 519
1.4 ROLE OF WORKERS/LABOUR 520
1.5 ROLE OF THE SOCIAL PARTNERS 520
1.6 MAIN LEGAL ACTORS AND SOURCES OF LAW 520
1.7 JUDICIALLY ENFORCEABLE 521
1.8 LEGAL SYSTEM(S) 521
2 PURPOSE OF THE BOOK 521
3 THE SOURCES OF EU LABOR LAW 522
4 COLLECTIVE LABOUR LAW 523
5 MIGRANT WORKERS AND UNION CITIZENS 524
6 DISCRIMINATION AND EQUALITY 524
7 EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS AND EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS 526
8 RESTRUCTURING OF BUSINESS 526
9 WORKING ENVIRONMENT 526
10 THE ONE BIG SYSTEM MODEL 527
10.1 LEGAL PLURALISM 527
10.2 INTERLOCKEDNESS BETWEEN NATIONAL LAW, EU LAW AND
INTERNATIONAL LAW 529
10.3 LAW AND (NATION) STATES 532
LITERATURE 533
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 539
TABLE OF CASES 541
INDEX 549
23
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Nielsen, Ruth 1946- |
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| bvnumber | BV041343887 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)862808313 (DE-599)BVBBV041343887 |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV041343887 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:54:30Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788757425666 |
| language | English |
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| physical | 553 S. |
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| spelling | Nielsen, Ruth 1946- Verfasser (DE-588)17104844X aut EU labour law Ruth Nielsen 2. ed. Copenhagen DJØF Publ. 2013 553 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Arbeitsrecht (DE-588)4002769-7 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Arbeitsrecht (DE-588)4002769-7 s DE-604 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026792609&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Nielsen, Ruth 1946- EU labour law Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Arbeitsrecht (DE-588)4002769-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4002769-7 |
| title | EU labour law |
| title_auth | EU labour law |
| title_exact_search | EU labour law |
| title_full | EU labour law Ruth Nielsen |
| title_fullStr | EU labour law Ruth Nielsen |
| title_full_unstemmed | EU labour law Ruth Nielsen |
| title_short | EU labour law |
| title_sort | eu labour law |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Arbeitsrecht (DE-588)4002769-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Arbeitsrecht |
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