Fuels, energy, and the environment:
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton, FL
CRC Press Taylor & Francis
2013
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
Beschreibung: | "Developed specifically for mechanical chemical, and petroleum engineering students, this book provides an up-to-date, informed, well-integrated, and balanced overview of the field of fuels science and technology with particular reference to energy supplies, efficiency, and the environment. It is an integrated yet simplified and concise presentation of the factors and processes that control the suitability of various types of fuels in combustion systems and their impact on the environment. This approach also links supportively with related conventional engineering courses such as thermodynamics, combustion, environmental engineering, chemistry, and materials"-- Provided by publisher. Includes bibliographical references (p. 325-332) and index |
Beschreibung: | xv, 341 p. ill. 24 cm |
ISBN: | 9781466510173 |
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a Fuels, energy, and the environment |c Ghazi A. Karim |
264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton, FL |b CRC Press Taylor & Francis |c 2013 | |
300 | |a xv, 341 p. |b ill. |c 24 cm | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
500 | |a "Developed specifically for mechanical chemical, and petroleum engineering students, this book provides an up-to-date, informed, well-integrated, and balanced overview of the field of fuels science and technology with particular reference to energy supplies, efficiency, and the environment. It is an integrated yet simplified and concise presentation of the factors and processes that control the suitability of various types of fuels in combustion systems and their impact on the environment. This approach also links supportively with related conventional engineering courses such as thermodynamics, combustion, environmental engineering, chemistry, and materials"-- Provided by publisher. | ||
500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (p. 325-332) and index | ||
650 | 4 | |a Renewable energy sources | |
650 | 4 | |a Energy conservation | |
650 | 7 | |a SCIENCE / Energy |2 bisacsh | |
650 | 7 | |a TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Chemical & Biochemical |2 bisacsh | |
650 | 7 | |a TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Mechanical |2 bisacsh | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Contents
Preface
...................................................................................................................xiii
Author
.....................................................................................................................xv
1.
Introduction
.....................................................................................................1
1.1
Preamble
.................................................................................................1
1.2
Different Forms of Energy
...................................................................2
1.3
Primary Sources of Energy
..................................................................2
1.4
Non-Fossil Fuel Based Energy
............................................................4
1.4.1
Hydropower
..............................................................................4
1.4.2
Ocean/Wave Energy
...............................................................4
1.4.3
Wind Energy
.............................................................................4
1.4.4
Solar Energy
.............................................................................5
1.4.5
Geothermal Energy
.................................................................9
1.4.6
Nuclear Energy
........................................................................9
1.5
Considering the Losses of Energy from Its Production
Source to Its Point of Consumption
..................................................10
1.6
Energy Resources Exploitation
.........................................................11
1.7
Synopsis
................................................................................................12
Bibliography
....................................................................................................13
2.
Fuels in General
............................................................................................15
2.1
Introduction
.........................................................................................15
2.2
Some of the Main Desirable Properties of Fuels
............................16
2.3
Some Relevant Units of Measurement
.............................................17
2.4
Some Patterns
oí
Fuel and Energy Resources and Usage
.............20
2.5
Definitions of Reserves
.......................................................................21
2.6
Some General Observations about Fuel and
Energy Statistics
..........................................................................23
2.7
Changes in the Consumption of Different Sources of Energy
.....24
2.8
Problems
...............................................................................................26
2.9
Synopsis
................................................................................................30
Bibliography
....................................................................................................30
3.
Fuels Classification
.......................................................................................33
3.1
Fossil Fuels
...........................................................................................33
3.2
Hydrocarbon Fuels
.............................................................................33
3.2.1
Paraffinic Series,
С^ігп+г
(Saturated,
All with Single C Bonds)
...................................................34
Ott
Vlil
Contents
3.2.2
Olefin
Series,
СяН2я
(Unsaturated with One Double
Bond between Two
С
Atoms
................................................34
3.2.3
Acetylene Series,
СиН2и_2
(Unsaturated with One
Triple Bond between Two
С
Atoms)
...................................36
3.2.4
Naphthenes or Cycloparaffms,
СиН2я
(Closed Chain
with Single and Saturated Bonds)
.......................................36
3.2.5
Aromatice,
С„Н2я_6
(Unsaturated Ring Compounds)
.......37
3.3
Some Oxygenated Compounds
........................................................38
3.4
Problems
...............................................................................................40
3.5
Synopsis
................................................................................................41
Bibliography
....................................................................................................41
4.
Fuel-Consuming Energy Systems
.............................................................43
4.1
Fuel-Consuming Work-Producing Devices
....................................43
4.2
Work and Heat
.....................................................................................44
4.3
Efficiency
..............................................................................................45
4.4
Fuel Energy Systems
...........................................................................47
4.4.1
Internal Combustion Engines
..............................................47
4.4.1.1
Various Types of Reciprocating Engines
............48
4.5
Cogeneration
........................................................................................52
4.6
Fuel Consumption
..............................................................................54
4.7
Hybrid Engines
...................................................................................56
4.8
Choice of Energy Systems
..................................................................57
4.9
Problems
...............................................................................................58
4.10
Synopsis
................................................................................................58
Bibliography
....................................................................................................59
5.
Stoichiometry and Thermodynamics
.......................................................61
5.1
Heating Value of Fuels
.......................................................................61
5.2
Adiabatic Flame Temperature
...........................................................63
5.3
Procedure for Calculating the Temperature and
Composition of the Products of Combustion, When
Equilibrium Conditions Are Assumed
............................................74
5.4
Calorimeters
.........................................................................................78
5.5
Some Solved Examples
.......................................................................78
5.6
Problems
...............................................................................................86
5.7
Synopsis
................................................................................................90
Bibliography
....................................................................................................90
6.
Chemical Kinetics of Fuel Combustion
...................................................93
6.1
Chemical Reactions
.............................................................................93
6.2
Combustion Chemical Kinetics
........................................................96
6.3
Solved Examples
...............................................................................103
6.4
Modeling Fuel Combustion Reactions
...........................................103
6.5
Types of Chemical Reactions Relevant to Fuels and Energy
.....106
Contents
їх
6.6 Problems.............................................................................................107
6.7 Synopsis..............................................................................................108
Bibliography..................................................................................................
108
7.
Exhaust Emissions from the Combustion of Fuels
..............................
Ill
7.1
Products
oř
Combustion of Fuels
....................................................
Ill
7.2
Air Pollution Control
........................................................................113
73
Catalytic Converters
.........................................................................119
7.4
Greenhouse Effect
.............................................................................121
7.5
Sulfur in Fuels
...................................................................................125
7.6
Fuel-Induced Corrosion of Metals
..................................................126
7.7
Solved Example
.................................................................................126
7.8
Problems
.............................................................................................127
7.9
Synopsis
..............................................................................................128
Bibliography
..................................................................................................129
8.
Combustion and Flames
............................................................................131
8.1
Combustion, Flames, and Ignition Processes
...............................131
8.2
Diffusion Flames versus Premixed Flames
...................................135
8.3
Combustion Stability Characteristics
.............................................142
8.4
Fuel Combustion via Burners and Orifices
...................................145
8.5
Combustion of Solid Fuels
...............................................................146
8.6
Solid Fuels Combustion Using
Fluidized
Beds
............................148
8.7
Problems
.............................................................................................150
8.8
Synopsis
..............................................................................................151
Bibliography
..................................................................................................152
9.
Fire and Safety in Relation to Fuel Installations and Handling
......155
9.1
Fuel Fires
............................................................................................155
9.2
Flammability Limits of Fuels
..........................................................156
9.3
Some Protective Measures
...............................................................162
9.4
FlashPoint
..........................................................................................164
9.5
Some Terms Related to Fuel Fires and Safety
...............................167
9.6
Solved Example
.................................................................................168
9.7
Problems
.............................................................................................170
9.8
Synopsis
..............................................................................................172
Bibliography
..................................................................................................173
10.
Petroleum
.....................................................................................................175
10.1
Petroleum Reservoirs
.......................................................................175
10.2
OU
Recovery
.......................................................................................177
10.3
Enhanced Oil Recovery Methods
...................................................178
10.4
Oil Sands
............................................................................................182
10.5
OU
Shale
.............................................................................................186
10.6
Problems
.............................................................................................188
Contents
10.7 Synopsis..............................................................................................188
Bibliography..................................................................................................
189
11.
Refining of Petroleum
...............................................................................191
11.1
Need for Refining
..............................................................................191
11.2
Refining Chemical Processes
..........................................................196
11.3
Catalysts and Their Action
..............................................................197
11.4
Controls through Codes and Standards
........................................198
11.5
Problems
.............................................................................................199
11.6
Synopsis
..............................................................................................199
Bibliography
..................................................................................................199
12.
Gasoline
........................................................................................................201
12.1
Spark Ignition Gasoline-Fueled Engines
.......................................201
12.2
Volatility
.............................................................................................203
12.3
Additives to Gasoline
.......................................................................206
12.4
Catalysts
.............................................................................................207
12.5
Spark Ignition Engine Knock
..........................................................207
12.6
Some Features of Engine Knock
.....................................................209
12.7
Some Negative Effects of Knock in Spark Ignition Engines
.......210
12.8
Operational Knock Limits
...............................................................211
12.9
Octane Number
.................................................................................213
12.10
Effects of Engine Variables for Increased Incidence of Knock...
213
12.11
Knock Control
...................................................................................215
12.12
Three-Way Catalyst
...........................................................................215
12.13
Problems
.............................................................................................216
12.14
Synopsis
..............................................................................................217
Bibliography
..................................................................................................218
13.
Diesel Fuels and Some Other Liquid Fuels
...........................................221
13.1
Diesel Engine Combustion Processes
............................................221
13.2
Ignition Delay in Diesel Engines
....................................................222
13.3
Diesel Engine Fuels
...........................................................................223
13.4
Diesel Engine Emissions
..................................................................228
13.5
Biodiesel
Fuels
...................................................................................229
13.6
Fischer-Tropsch Diesel
.....................................................................230
13.7
Dual-Fuel Engine
..............................................................................230
13.8
Liquid Fuels for Aviation Applications
..........................................231
13.9
Heavy Fuels for Boiler and Furnace Applications
.......................234
13.10
Liquid and Solid Propellants
...........................................................234
13.11
Solved Example
.................................................................................235
13.12
Problems
.............................................................................................236
13.13
Some Definitions Associated with Liquid Fuels
..........................237
13.14
Synopsis
..............................................................................................239
Bibliography
..................................................................................................239
Contents
Xl
14. Solid
Fuels
....................................................................................................241
14.1
Combustion of Solid Fuels
...............................................................241
14.2
Coal
.....................................................................................................241
14.3
Case for Coal
......................................................................................244
14.4
Some Properties of Coal
...................................................................246
14.5
Classification of Coals
......................................................................248
14.6
Solved Examples
...............................................................................249
14.7
Coal Combustion in
Fluidized
Beds
..............................................251
14.8
Gasification of Coal
...........................................................................252
14.9
Underground Gasification of Coal
.................................................254
14.10
Other Solid Fuels
...............................................................................254
14.11
Coal Bed Methane
.............................................................................257
14.12
Solid Fuels as Propellants
................................................................257
14.13
Solved Example
.................................................................................258
14.14
Problems
.............................................................................................259
14.15
Synopsis
..............................................................................................260
Bibliography
..................................................................................................260
15.
Natural Gas and Other Gaseous Fuels
...................................................263
15.1
Merits of Operation on Gaseous Fuels
...........................................263
15.2
Natural Gas
........................................................................................265
15.3
Natural Gas Transmission
...............................................................271
15.4
Flaring of Fuel Gases
........................................................................275
15.5
Liquefied Natural Gas
......................................................................276
15.6
LNG Safety
.........................................................................................277
15.7
Hydrates of Methane
........................................................................278
15.8
Comparison of Features of Natural-Gas-Fueled Gas
Turbines with Those of Spark Ignition Engines
...........................279
15.9
Propane and Liquefied Petroleum Gas
..........................................280
15.10
Solved Example
.................................................................................281
15.11 LPG
Safety
..........................................................................................284
15.12
Some Common Non-Natural Gas Mixtures
.................................285
15.13
Landfill Gases
....................................................................................288
15.14 Biogas
Fuels
........................................................................................289
15.15
Hydrogen
Sulfide..............................................................................290
15.16
Solved Examples
...............................................................................291
15.17
Problems
.............................................................................................295
15.18
Some Gaseous Fuel Mixture Terms
................................................296
15.19
Synopsis
..............................................................................................296
Bibliography
..................................................................................................297
16.
Alternative Fuels
.........................................................................................301
16.1
Introduction
.......................................................................................301
16.2
Applications
.......................................................................................303
16.3
Alcohols as Fuels
...............................................................................304
xii Contents
16.4
Hydrogen as a Fuel
...........................................................................306
16.5
Liquid Hydrogen
...............................................................................310
16.6
Compressed Natural Gas
.................................................................311
16.7
Problems
.............................................................................................313
16.8
Synopsis
..............................................................................................313
Bibliography
..................................................................................................314
Glossary
...............................................................................................................317
References
...........................................................................................................325
Index
.....................................................................................................................333
Mechanical/Petroleum Engineering
Fuels, Energy,
and the
Environment
All complicated materials of combustion science are presented in a
very clear and precise manner
...
This is the book, in my opinion, that
every combustion, fire safety, and fuel engineer should have.
...
equally
useful to newcomers
...
[and] experienced professionals and researchers
in the area.
—S.O.
BADE SHRESTHA, Western Michigan University
The book covers all aspects of fuels, not just
...
chemistry or
combustion. Of particular importance and actuality are those issues
related to safety and environmental impact. Furthermore, the variety
of fuels and processes discussed is very wide.
— GIUSEPPE SPAZZAFUMO, University of
Cassino
г
-tion
impact
economic and environmental inter¬
ests, Fuels, Energy, and the Environment offers an up-to-date and balanced overview of
the whole field of fuel science and technology. Accessible to both students and practicing
engineers, the text focuses on energy supplies, fuel efficiency, and environmental challenges.
Using relatively simple language, the book explores the composition and combustion charac¬
teristics of a wide range of fuels becoming available worldwide. It examines the dependence
on combustion devices for the exploitation of various fuel resources for producing heat and
power as well as the need to increase the efficiency of energy production and use. The text
also addresses the negative impact on the environment from fuel-consuming devices and
the activities associated with fuel and energy applications, exploring measures/equipment to
control emissions and improve the performance of burners and fuel-consuming appliances.
Including many examples and problems, this text provides an integrated yet simplified
presentation of the factors and processes that dictate the suitability of various types of fuels
in combustion systems and their impact on the environment.
|
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id | DE-604.BV041295037 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:53:36Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9781466510173 |
language | English |
lccn | 2012023163 |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026743940 |
oclc_num | 759916496 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-703 |
owner_facet | DE-703 |
physical | xv, 341 p. ill. 24 cm |
publishDate | 2013 |
publishDateSearch | 2013 |
publishDateSort | 2013 |
publisher | CRC Press Taylor & Francis |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Karim, Ghazi A. Verfasser aut Fuels, energy, and the environment Ghazi A. Karim Boca Raton, FL CRC Press Taylor & Francis 2013 xv, 341 p. ill. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "Developed specifically for mechanical chemical, and petroleum engineering students, this book provides an up-to-date, informed, well-integrated, and balanced overview of the field of fuels science and technology with particular reference to energy supplies, efficiency, and the environment. It is an integrated yet simplified and concise presentation of the factors and processes that control the suitability of various types of fuels in combustion systems and their impact on the environment. This approach also links supportively with related conventional engineering courses such as thermodynamics, combustion, environmental engineering, chemistry, and materials"-- Provided by publisher. Includes bibliographical references (p. 325-332) and index Renewable energy sources Energy conservation SCIENCE / Energy bisacsh TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Chemical & Biochemical bisacsh TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Mechanical bisacsh Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026743940&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026743940&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
spellingShingle | Karim, Ghazi A. Fuels, energy, and the environment Renewable energy sources Energy conservation SCIENCE / Energy bisacsh TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Chemical & Biochemical bisacsh TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Mechanical bisacsh |
title | Fuels, energy, and the environment |
title_auth | Fuels, energy, and the environment |
title_exact_search | Fuels, energy, and the environment |
title_full | Fuels, energy, and the environment Ghazi A. Karim |
title_fullStr | Fuels, energy, and the environment Ghazi A. Karim |
title_full_unstemmed | Fuels, energy, and the environment Ghazi A. Karim |
title_short | Fuels, energy, and the environment |
title_sort | fuels energy and the environment |
topic | Renewable energy sources Energy conservation SCIENCE / Energy bisacsh TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Chemical & Biochemical bisacsh TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Mechanical bisacsh |
topic_facet | Renewable energy sources Energy conservation SCIENCE / Energy TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Chemical & Biochemical TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Mechanical |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026743940&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026743940&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT karimghazia fuelsenergyandtheenvironment |