Pediatric otolaryngology:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia, Pa.
Elsevier
2013
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Pediatric clinics of North America
60,4 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI S., S. 793 - 1017 zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780323186148 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Pediatric otolaryngology |c ed. Harold S. Pine ... |
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| 300 | |a XVI S., S. 793 - 1017 |b zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804151343934341120 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Pediatrie
Otolaryngology
Contents
Preface:
Pediatrie Otolaryngology
xv
Harold
S.
Pine
Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy
793
Sharon D. Ramos, Shraddha Mukerji, and Harold S. Pine
Adenotonsillectomy (AT) is one of the most common
pediatric
surgical
procedures performed in the United States; more than
530,000
are per¬
formed annually in children younger than
15
years of age. AT was tradition¬
ally performed for recurrent tonsillitis and its sequelae but in recent times,
sleep-disordered breathing/obstructive sleep
apnea in
children has
emerged as the primary indication for surgical removal of adenoids and
tonsils. The new guidelines used by clinicians to identify children who
are appropriate candidates for AT address indications based primarily
on obstructive and infectious causes.
Otitis
Media and Ear Tubes
809
Elton Lambert and Soham Roy
The placement of myringotomy tubes remains an effective treatment of
recurrent acute
otitis
media and chronic
otitis
media with effusion. Infants
and young children are prone to these entities because of their immature
anatomy and immunology. Several host, pathogenic, and environmental
factors contribute to the development of these conditions. The identifica¬
tion and modification of some these factors can preclude the need for
intervention. The procedure continues to be one of the most common out¬
patient
pediatrie
procedures. Close vigilance and identification of potential
complications is of utmost importance in the ongoing management of the
child with middle ear disease.
Pediatrie
Obstructive Sleep
Apnea
Syndrome
827
Nathan S. Alexander and James W. Schroeder Jr
Pediatrie
obstructive sleep
apnea
syndrome
(OSAS)
is a common health
problem diagnosed and managed by various medical specialists, including
family practice physicians, pediatricians, pulmonologists, and general and
pediatrie otolaryngologists.
If left untreated, the sequelae can be severe.
Over the last decade, significant advancements have been made in the
evidence-based management of
pediatrie
OSAS.
This article focuses on
the current understanding of this disease, its management, and related
clinical practice guidelines.
Pediatrie
Cochlea
r
Implantation: Expanding Applications and Outcomes
841
Joseph L. Russell, Harold S. Pine, and Dayton L. Young
Cochlear implantation is a revolutionary yet time-sensitive treatment for
deaf children that must be performed within a critical window of time, in
Contents
early life, for a congenially deafened child to receive maximum benefit.
Potential candidates should therefore be referred for evaluation early.
Primary reasons for delay of cochlear implantation include slow referrals
for care, parental delays, and payer delays. It is vital that all newborn chil¬
dren undergo hearing screening to identify deaf children at birth, and for
parents, health care providers, and health care payers to be educated
about the indications, important benefits, and reasonable risks of cochlear
implantation for deaf children.
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease in Children
865
Naren
N.
Venkatesan, Harold S. Pine, and Michael Underbrink
Extraesophageal reflux disease, commonly called laryngopharyngeal
reflux disease (LPRD), continues to be an entity with more questions
than answers. Although the role of LPRD has been implicated in various
pediatrie
diseases, it has been inadequately studied in others. LPRD is
believed to contribute to failure to thrive, laryngomalacia, recurrent respi¬
ratory papillomatosis, chronic cough, hoarseness, esophagitis, and aspi¬
ration among other pathologies. Thus, LPRD should be considered as
a chronic disease with a variety of presentations. High clinical suspicion
along with consultation with an otolaryngologist, who can evaluate for
laryngeal findings, is necessary to accurately diagnose LPRD.
Voice Disorders in Children
879
Victoria Possamai and Benjamin Hartley
This article reviews the management of voice disorders in children. We
describe the relevant anatomy and development of the larynx throughout
childhood, which affects voice. We consider the
epidemiologie data
to
establish the size of the problem. The assessment of the patient in the
clinic is described stepwise through the history, examination, laryngos-
copy, and extra tests. We then review the common voice disorders en¬
countered and their management, concluding with discussion of future
directions, which may herald advances in this field.
Laryngomalacia
893
Allison M. Dobbie and David R. White
(jM Videos of flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy and supraglottoplasty
accompany this article
Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of stridor in infants. Stridor
results from upper airway obstruction caused by collapse of supraglottic
tissue into the airway. Most cases of laryngomalacia are mild and
self-resolve, but severe symptoms require investigation and intervention.
There is a strong association with gastroesophageal reflux disease in pa¬
tients with laryngomalacia, and thus medical treatment with
antireflux
medications may be indicated. Supraglottoplasty is the preferred surgical
treatment of laryngomalacia, reserved only for severe cases. Proper iden¬
tification of those patients who require medical and surgical intervention is
key to providing treatment with successful outcomes.
Contents
Nasal
Obstruction
in Newborns 903
Sharon H. Gnagi and Scott A. Schraff
Nasal
obstruction ¡s a
serious clinical scenario in the newborn infant with
a large differential diagnosis. This article reviews the etiologies of nasal
obstruction to aid the pediatrician in prompt evaluation, diagnosis, and
treatment.
Enlarged Neck Lymph Nodes in Children
923
Karthik Rajasekaran and Paul Krakovitz
Pediatric
cervical lymphadenopathy is a challenging medical condition for
the patient, family, and physician. There are a wide variety of causes for
cervical lymphadenopathy and an understanding of these causes is para¬
mount in determining the most appropriate workup and management. A
thorough history and physical examination are important in narrowing
the differential diagnosis. Diagnostic studies and imaging studies play an
important role as well. This article reviews the common causes of lymph¬
adenopathy, and presents a methodical approach to a patient with cervical
lymphadenopathy.
Infantile Hemangiomas of the Head and Neck
937
Kevin C. Huoh and
Kristina
W.
Rosbe
Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are benign vascular tumors. Clinical history
and physical examination are the most important factors for diagnosis,
with most IHs having a typical presentation. Treatment is required for
some IHs that cause significant cosmetic deformity or functional compro¬
mise. Propranolol is the first-line treatment of most IHs. Ongoing research
is increasing our understanding of the pathophysiology of these tumors
and should help to identify future potential therapeutic targets.
Chronic Cough in Children
951
Johana
В.
Castro Wagner and Harold S. Pine
гшђ
Video of cough caused by Bordetella pertussis in a child
accompanies this article
The management of chronic cough, a common complaint in children, is
challenging for most health care professionals. Millions of dollars are spent
every year on unnecessary testing and treatment. A rational approach
based on a detailed interview and a thorough physical examination guides
further intervention and management. Inexpensive and simple homemade
syrups based on dark honey have proved to be an effective measure when
dealing with cough in children.
Pediatrie
Dysphagia
969
Kedar Kakodkar and James W. Schroeder Jr
Feeding and swallowing disorders in the
pediatrie
population are becom¬
ing more common, particularly in infants born prematurely and in children
with chronic medical conditions. The normal swallowing mechanism is
divided into
4
stages: the preparatory, the oral, the pharyngeal, and the
Contents
esophageal
phases.
Feeding disorders have multiple causes: medical,
nutritional, behavioral, psychological, and environmental factors can all
contribute. Pathologic conditions involving any of the anatomic sites asso¬
ciated with the phases of swallowing can negatively impact the coordina¬
tion of these phases and lead to symptoms of dysphagia and feeding
intolerance.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Children
979
Austin S. Rose, Brian D. Thorp, Adam M. Zanation, and Charles S. Ebert Jr
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects nearly
37
million people in the United
States each year and accounts for approximately
$6
billion in direct and
indirect health care costs. Despite its prevalence and significant impact,
little is known about its exact cause and pathophysiology, and significant
controversy remains regarding appropriate treatment options. Basic sci¬
ence research, however, has shown recent promise toward improving
understanding of the innate and environmental factors underlying the
pathophysiology of CRS. The hope is that this will also lead to advances
in treatment for children adversely affected by this common yet compli¬
cated disease.
Training: Simulating
Pediatrie
Airway
993
Oren
Cavei,
Chantal
Giguere, Annie Lapointe, Arielle Levy,
Francoise
Yung,
Chantal Hickey,
and Patrick Froehlich
Г|јм
Video of simulated
pediatric
airway performance
accompanies this article
Training in the management of
pediatric
airway cases has been limited by
the number of cases and by the involved risks to the child. Simulation is an
alternative and accessible means to practice that complex psychomotor
task in a safe and reproducible environment. A high-fidelity baby manne¬
quin provides an acceptable airway anatomic resemblance combined
with measurable respiratory and cardiovascular parameters, allowing
practice to be interactive and challenging. The availability of simulation
laboratories within hospitals and the development of pathology-inspired
accessories for the mannequins will determine the rate of adherence of
ENT
departments to this evolving field of simulation-based education.
Index
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