Pierwsza polska prezydencja w Unii Europejskiej: uwarunkowania, procesy decyzyjne, osiągnięcia i niepowodzenia
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Kraków
Księgarnia Akademicka
2012
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Societas
44 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | [11], 318, [2] s. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788376382708 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Spis treści
Rozdział I
Geneza, podstawy prawne, zasadnicze funkcje i ograniczenia grupowej
prezydencji w Radzie Unii Europejskiej
..............................17
1.
Geneza
........................................................17
2.
Podstawy prawne
...............................................19
3.
Zasadnicze funkcje i ograniczenia
...................................21
3.1.
Funkcja planistyczna
........................................24
3.2.
Funkcja koordynacyjna
.......................................25
3.3.
Funkcja reprezentacyjna
.....................................27
3.4.
Funkcja mediacyjna
.........................................28
3.5.
Funkcja administracyjna
.....................................30
Rozdział
II
Program, system koordynacji i ograniczenia polskiej prezydencji
.........31
1.
Priorytety i cele operacyjne polskiej prezydencji w świetle programu
prezydencji grupowej
.............................................32
1.1.
Integracja europejska jako źródło wzrostu
.......................32
1.2.
Bezpieczna Europa
..........................................36
1.3.
Europa korzystająca na otwartości
.............................39
2.
System koordynacji. Polskie organy rządowe zaangażowane
w sprawowanie prezydencji
.......................................41
3.
Ograniczenia polskiej prezydencji
..................................44
Rozdział III
Osiągnięcia polskiej prezydencji dokonane na początkowym etapie prac
legislacyjnych lub wynikające z jej własnej inicjatywy politycznej
........47
1.
Negocjacje w sprawie uchwalenia wieloletnich
ram
finansowych
na lata
2014-2020...............................................48
1.1.
Pakiet legislacyjny Komisji Europejskiej
........................48
1.2.
Przebieg negocjacji
.........................................53
1.3.
Raport prezydencji
..........................................56
2.
Reforma polityki spójności po
2013
r.
...............................60
2.1.
Pakiet ustawodawczy Komisji Europejskiej
......................60
2.2.
Przebieg rokowań i pierwszy raport prezydencji
...................63
2.3.
Drugi raport prezydencji
.....................................70
2.4.
Rokowania dotyczące bieżących problemów polityki spójności
......72
3.
Pogłębienie tynku wewnętrznego
.................................. 73
4.
Reforma wspólnej polityki rolnej po
2013
r
.......................... 79
4.1.
Projekty legislacyjne Komisji Europejskiej
...................... 79
4.2.
Przebieg negocjacji
........................................ 80
5.
Reforma wspólnej polityki rybołówstwa po
2013
r.
.................... 83
5.1.
Pakiet regulacji Komisji Europejskiej
.......................... 83
5.2.
Przebieg negocjacji
........................................ 84
5.3.
Rokowania dotyczące bieżących problemów wspólnej polityki
rybołówstwa
................................................. 86
6.
Europejska polityka sąsiedztwa
................................... 88
6.1.
Reforma europejskiej polityki sąsiedztwa
....................... 88
6.2.
Partnerstwo wschodnie
..................................... 90
6.2.1.
Drugie posiedzenie na szczycie państw partnerstwa
wschodniego
......................................... 90
6.2.2.
Zakończenie negocjacji z Ukrainą w sprawie umowy
stowarzyszeniowej
.................................... 93
6.3.
Pogłębienie współpracy gospodarczej z państwami południowego
sąsiedztwa
............................................... 95
6.4.
Europejski Fundusz na rzecz Demokracji
....................... 95
7.
Polityka społeczna i zatrudnienia, ochrona zdrowia i konsumentów
....... 97
8.
Przemysł, transport i telekomunikacja
..............................101
9.
Nowe regulacje w przestrzeni wolności, bezpieczeństwa
i sprawiedliwości
..............................................104
9.1.
Polityka wizowa
...........................................104
9.2.
Współpraca policyjna
......................................107
9.3.
Zewnętrzny wymiar przestrzeni wolności, bezpieczeństwa
i sprawiedliwości
..........................................108
10.
Wspólna polityka bezpieczeństwa i obrony
.........................110
10.1.
Stałe dowództwo planowania i prowadzenia operacji
су
wi Ino-wojskowych
......................................112
10.2.
Zwiększenie użyteczności grup bojowych
......................113
10.3.
Inicjatywa wspólnego wykorzystania zdolności obronnych
........114
10.4.
Współpraca z beneficjentami partnerstwa wschodniego
...........114
10.5.
Relacje Unii Europejskiej z NATO
...........................115
11.
Wzmocnienie pozycji prezydencji w zakresie wewnętrznej i zewnętrznej «^
reprezentacji Unii Europejskiej
...................................116
11.1.
Reprezentacja wewnętrzna
..................................116
11.2.
Reprezentacja zewnętrzna
..................................118
12.
Nowe inicjatywy dotyczące zmian ustrojowych w Unii Europejskiej
.....119
12.1.
Debata polityczna w RFN na temat reformy ustrojowej
w Unii Europejskiej
.......................................119
12.2.
Polska inicjatywa przekształcenia Unii Europejskiej
w Unię Polityczną
........................................122
12.3.
Polski
non
paper
w sprawie zachowania integralności
Unii Europejskiej w procesie wzmacniania zarządzania
w strefie
euro
.............................................128
Rozdział
IV
Osiągnięcia polskiej prezydencji o przełomowym znaczeniu
dla dotychczasowych prac legislacyjnych lub sporów politycznych
w Unii Europejskiej
..............................................131
1.
Zarządzanie gospodarcze i budżetowe w Unii Gospodarczej i Walutowej.
Działania na rzecz przezwyciężenia kryzysu zadłużeniowego
w strefie
euro
..................................................131
1.1.
Dotychczasowe prace nad ustanowieniem systemu zarządzania
gospodarczego i budżetowego w Unii Gospodarczej i Walutowej
.... 131
1.1.1.
Strategia
„Europa 2020
i pakt
euro plus
...................132
1.1.2.
Od tymczasowego do stałego mechanizmu stabilizacyjnego
dla państw strefy
euro
.................................134
1.1.3.
Nadzór nad sektorem finansowym
........................136
1.2.
Działania polskiej prezydencji na rzecz utworzenia i wzmocnienia
systemu zarządzania gospodarczego i budżetowego w Unii
Gospodarczej i Walutowej
...................................138
1.2.1.
Uchwalenie „sześciopaku
..............................138
1.2.2.
Ustanowienie podstaw prawnych dla semestru europejskiego
oraz zakończenie jego cyklu za rok
2011...................141
1.2.3.
Monitorowanie działalności Europejskiego Systemu Nadzoru
Finansowego
.........................................141
1.2.4.
Od „dwupaku do paktu fiskalnego
.......................142
2.
Prace legislacyjne nad ustanowieniem jednolitego systemu ochrony
patentowej
....................................................151
3.
Wzmocnienie pozycji prezydencji w zakresie zewnętrznej reprezentacji
Unii Europejskiej
..............................................156
Rozdział
V
Osiągnięcia polskiej prezydencji stanowiące kontynuację
dotychczasowych prac legislacyjnych lub debat politycznych
w Unii Europejskiej
.............................................159
1.
Debata na temat pogłębienia rynku wewnętrznego i źródeł wzrostu
gospodarczego
................................................159
1.1.
Pogłębienie rynku wewnętrznego
.............................159
1.2.
Źródła wzrostu gospodarczego
...............................166
2.
Kompromis w sprawie budżetu ogólnego Unii Europejskiej na
2012
r
.....168
3.
Prace legislacyjne dotyczące reformy sektora usług finansowych
.........169
4.
Bezpieczeństwo energetyczne Unii Europejskiej
......................171
5.
Transport, telekomunikacja i społeczeństwo informacyjne
..............175
6.
Wspólna polityka rolna
..........................................179
7.
Strategia rozszerzeniowa
.........................................184
7.1.
Konkluzje Rady do Spraw Ogólnych
..........................185
7.2.
Chorwacja
................................................187
7.3.
Islandia
..................................................188
7.4.
Turcja
....................................................189
7.5.
Serbia
...................................................190
7.6.
Pozostałe państwa Bałkanów Zachodnich
.......................192
8.
Nowe regulacje w przestrzeni wolności, bezpieczeństwa i sprawiedliwości
. 193
8.1.
Polityka ¡migracyjna i azylowa
...............................193
8.2.
Zarządzanie granicami i strefa
Schengen .......................199
8.3.
Polityka wizowa
...........................................200
8.4.
Współpraca sądowa w sprawach cywilnych
.....................201
8.5.
Współpraca sądowa w sprawach karnych
.......................204
8.6.
Współpraca policyjna
......................................209
9.
Strategia Unii Europejskiej dla regionu Morza Bałtyckiego
.............214
10.
Wspólna polityka handlowa
.....................................215
10.1.
Ósma konferencja ministerialna WTO
........................216
10.2.
Umowy handlowe z ważnymi partnerami Unii Europejskiej
.......218
10.3.
Reforma systemu powszechnych preferencji celnych
Unii Europejskiej po
2013
r. dla państw rozwijających się i najsłabiej
rozwiniętych
............................................222
11.
Konferencja klimatyczna w Durbanie
..............................223
Rozdział
VI
Niepowodzenia polskiej prezydencji
................................227
1.
Sprawa przystąpienia Unii Europejskiej do EKPCz
....................227
2.
Rozszerzenie i zarządzanie strefą
Schengen..........................228
3.
Polityka azylowa
...............................................232
4.
Reagowanie kryzysowe w ramach wspólnej polityki bezpieczeństwa
i obrony
......................................................233
5.
Europejska polityka sąsiedztwa, strategia rozszerzeniowa oraz relacje
Unii Europejskiej z Rosją
........................................233
6.
Polityka spójności i rynek wewnętrzny
.............................235
7.
Wspólna polityka rolna i wspólna polityka rybołówstwa
................236
8.
Polityka społeczna i zatrudnienia, ochrona zdrowia i konsumentów
.......237
9.
Transport
.....................................................242
Uwagi końcowe
..................................................245
Summary
.......................................................257
Kalendarium najważniejszych posiedzeń Rady Europejskiej,
Rady Unii Europejskiej i innych spotkań podczas polskiej prezydencji
w
2011
r.
...........*.............................................267
Wykaz ważniejszych skrótów
.......................................269
Wykaz wykresów
.................................................274
Bibliografia
.....................................................275
Indeks osób
.....................................................317
Summary
The achievement balance for the Polish Presidency of the Council of the European
Union is generally positive. One of this Presidency s main assets was the management
and execution of its basic functions. The Polish Presidency was very effective in
planning, mediation, administration, coordination, and internal representation when
dealing with the governments of the Member States and
EU
institutions. The Polish
government also brought about the significant strengthening of the Presidency s role
in internal and external representation of the
EU.
Most importantly, however, the
Polish Presidency managed to accomplish all its priorities and a vast majority of its
operational objectives.
The results of the Polish Presidency in the delivery of the first of its three main
priorities, namely European integration as a source of growth, are generally positive.
The most important achievements in this field were initiatives aimed at deepening
the internal market, starting the legislative process on the multiannual financial
framework for
2014-2020
and the reform of the cohesion policy after
2013,
as well
as the timely adoption of the general budget of the European Union for
2012.
Among
actions aimed at deepening the internal market, the Polish Presidency organized the
first Single Market Forum in Krakow, which approved a policy statement announcing,
among others, the elimination of twenty most obstructive administrative barriers for
entrepreneurs and employees that impeded their functioning in the internal market.
Together with the European Commission, the Presidency also prepared a report on
the sources of economic growth, indicating areas with the greatest growth potential
in the European Union and containing recommendations for specific actions to be
taken in those areas. The Polish Presidency also promoted the full implementation of
the Services Directive, supported small and medium-sized enterprises in business,
and engineered a political compromise with the European Parliament on the
establishment of unitary patent protection. However, the importance of the latter
was reduced due to the sharp criticism of the new regulations on the part of patent
attorneys and representatives of small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland.
The Polish government also began negotiations on the multiannual financial
framework for the years
2014-2020
and the reform of the cohesion policy after
2013.
In both issues, the Polish government- in accordance with previous plans
-
achieved
important legislative progress at the technical level and presented progress reports to
the General Affairs Council. On the matter of the multiannual financial framework,
258
Summary
the Presidency was authorized by the majority of the Member States to make the
European Commission s proposal of 29th June
2011,
beneficial to net beneficiaries,
the basis for further negotiations. Since during the negotiations many countries
voiced major concerns regarding the proposal of the European Commission, it must
be assumed that achieving a confirmation of the European Commission s proposal in
the regulation defining the multiannual financial framework for the years
2014-2020
will be extremely difficult. On
16
December
20
li
the Polish Presidency organized
the first formal meeting of ministers responsible for cohesion policy in the General
Affairs Council. The aim of the meeting was a debate on the current direction of
legislative work on the reform
ofthat
policy. An important achievement of the Polish
Presidency was also the smooth execution of legislative work on the general budget
of the European Union for
2012,
since it was the first budget after the entry into force
of the Lisbon Treaty, which the Council of the European Union and the European
Parliament accepted within the period prescribed by law.
The appraisal of the activities of the Polish Presidency in the delivery of its second
fundamental priority of a safe Europe is also favourable. The Polish government
contributed significantly to the creation and strengthening of the economic and
financial management system within the Economic and Monetary Union; continued
legislative work on strengthening the energy security of the European Union; led
to the adoption of new regulations in the areas of freedom, security, and justice,
and also took actions in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the
European Union in the field of emergency response. The activities of the Polish
Presidency in the second half of
2011,
aimed at establishing and reinforcing the
economic and financial management systems within the Economic and Monetary
Union constituted one of the main areas of the Presidency s activities in mediation,
administration, coordination and internal representation. The overcoming of
the debt crisis in the euro zone and the implementation of pro-growth measures
would not have been possible without assuring the security and stability of public
finances. In carrying out its four operational objectives, the Polish Presidency led
to the adoption of the six-pack : the six new regulations aimed at enhancing fiscal
discipline and macroeconomic surveillance in the EMU, strengthening the Stability
and Growth Pact and establishing of new mechanisms to eliminate macroeconomic
imbalances. The Presidency established the legal basis for the European Semester
and completed its first cycle for the year
201
1
.
It also contributed to the advancement
of legislative work in the field of monitoring the newly-created European framework
for macro- and micro-prudential surveillance, namely the European System of
Financial Supervision. Furthermore, the Presidency launched legislative works on
strengthening the economic and financial
management
system in the Economic and
Monetary Union. The fourth operational objective the Polish government planned
in this field was only the continuation of work on establishing a European Stability
Mechanism. Meanwhile, the dynamics of the events surrounding the euro zone debt
crisis forced the government to undertake many other measures to strengthen the
economic and financial management system in the Economic and Monetary Union,
Summary
259
such as starting negotiations on the adoption of the twin pack or participating in
the debate on the signing of the fiscal pact.
The Polish Presidency, in accordance with one of its operational objectives, held
a discussion on the directions of the development of the
EU
external energy policy
in the coming years; completed negotiations on the Regulation on the cohesion
and transparency of the energy market and continued works on the infrastructure
package and instruments concerning energy efficiency. The stipulations of the Polish
government, reported during the negotiations, focused mainly on energy solidarity,
principles of financing the expansion of the energy infrastructure, internal energy
sources as well as the establishing of a gas and electricity market in a manner that
would ensure competitive conditions of operation for businesses.
Undoubtedly, the most important achievement of the Polish Presidency in the
visa policy was the signing of an agreement on visa-free border traffic between
Poland and the Kaliningrad
Oblast.
The Presidency also actively supported the
liberalization of the visa regime between the
EU
and the Eastern Partnership
beneficiaries, as well as between the
EU
and Russia. The results of its activities
were: a negotiating mandate for talks on visa facilitation and
readmission
between
the
EU
and Armenia and Azerbaijan; completion of procedures for evaluating the
results of the renegotiation of agreements on visa facilitation between the European
Commission and Russia, Ukraine, and Moldova. In immigration policy, the Polish
government achieved considerable progress in negotiations concerning the Directive
on the single permit; Directive on conditions of entry and residence of third-country
seasonal workers and Directive defining conditions of entry and residence of third-
country nationals in the framework of intra-corporate transfer. In the field of asylum
policy, the Polish government achieved the adoption of the Qualification Directive
and significant progress in the negotiations on the draft of the Reception Directive,
the Procedural Directive and the Dublin II Regulation.
In the field of border control policy and the gradual introduction of an integrated
system of border management, the Polish Presidency achieved the amendment of
the Regulation on the functioning of the Frontex agency, as well as further, albeit
slight, progress in the implementation of the European external border surveillance
system EUROSUR. In addition, the Polish Presidency finalized negotiations on the
accession of Liechtenstein to the
Schengen
zone.
In judicial cooperation in civil matters, the Polish government reported further
progress in the negotiations for the adoption of the regulation on succession and
international inheritance; the regulation establishing a European order for the
securing of the debtor s bank account, as well as the Regulation on jurisdiction and
the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and trade matters. The most
important achievement of the Polish Presidency in judicial cooperation in criminal
matters was the adoption of the directive on the European protection order and
a directive on combating sexual exploitation of children. However, the most visible
effect of its cooperation with police forces was the adoption of the European pact
against synthetic drugs and the passing of six conclusions, two of which involved
260
Summary
exchange of information, and four
—
new psychoactive substances, actions against
the counterfeiting of money (especially the euro), the prevention and fighting crimes
against cultural property, as well as strengthening police cooperation with third
countries in the security of sports events.
The most important achievement of the Polish Presidency in the field of common
security and defence policy was the adoption by the Steering Board of the European
Defence Agency of eleven multi-national projects, including: refuelling in the
air, smart munitions, training flight crews and marine transport nodes, identifying
and satellite communications, medical coverage, satellite communications,
reconnaissance marine helicopter crew training, as well as satellite cells for diagnosis.
The Polish government for the first time introduced the issue of cooperation in the
area of common security and defence policy of the European Union with the Eastern
partners, particularly the beneficiaries of the Eastern Partnership and Russia, for
discussion in front of the Foreign Affairs Council. The Presidency also showed
significant activity in efforts to bring about full harmonization of
EU
and NATO
projects for the development of multinational capabilities.
The Polish Presidency is also positively evaluated for the implementation of
its third priority, which was Europe benefiting from openness. The most important
achievements of the Polish government in this regard were the strengthening of the
Eastern Partnership; the commencement of works aimed at the strengthening of the
Euro-Mediterranean partnership; confirmation of the
EU
enlargement strategy as
an important component of the European agenda and providing new stimulation
for the
EU
enlargement project; further progress in achieving the objectives of the
common commercial policy and also the strengthening of the internal and external
representative function of the Presidency.
By implementing the Eastern Partnership project, the Polish Presidency finalized
negotiations on the signing of an association agreement with Ukraine, began similar
negotiations with Georgia and Moldova, led to the signing of a joint declaration by
the participants of the second Eastern Partnership Summit, which contained far better
offers of cooperation with the beneficiaries, including the announcement of visa
waiver, enhancement of energy security, and increase in funding for the objectives
of the partnership; established new bodies (the Eastern Partnership Business Forum
and the Conference of Local and Regional Authorities of the Eastern Partnership),
and launched training for officials from beneficiary countries within the Academy
of Public Administration for the Eastern Partnership project. A major achievement
of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership project was the passing by the Foreign
Affairs Council (Trade) of a negotiating mandate for the European Commission for
the opening of negotiations with the governments of Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and
Tunisia on the signing of contracts with them to establish deep and comprehensive
free trade zones within the previously existing association agreements. The passing of
a political declaration and defining the principles of the functioning of the European
Fund for Democracy was of great importance for realizing the objectives of the two
projects.
Summary
261
As far as the enlargement strategy is concerned, the Polish Presidency managed
primarily to confirm its significance as an important instrument of the European
Union s external operations, stimulating far-reaching political and economic reforms
in the candidate countries aspiring to membership, which will also benefit the
EU as
a whole. It was, however, difficult because of doubts voiced by many Member State
governments, mainly related to the euro zone debt crisis and the need for internal
and external consolidation of the Union. During the Polish Presidency, the accession
treaty was signed with Croatia; regulations were adopted on the status
ofthat
country
in its relations with the European Union during the transition period, i.e. until the
entry into force of the abovementioned Treaty. A major progress was noted in
accession negotiations with Iceland, the start of such negotiations with Montenegro
was declared, and a procedure for granting Serbia the status of candidate country
to the European Union was opened. In addition, the Polish Presidency reviewed
and proposed the modification of the European Union Strategy for the Baltic region
which was later accepted by the General Affairs Council.
In the field of the common commercial policy, the Polish Presidency s most
important accomplishment was the development of a common
EU
position for the
eighth WTO ministerial conference: preferential treatment by the WTO members of
the services and service suppliers from the least developed countries; the decision
approving the accession of Russia and Samoa to the WTO and the conclusion of
negotiations and the signing on behalf of the
EU
of four agreements between the
WTO and Russia determining the conditions of its accession to the organization.
In addition, the Polish Presidency actively supported the work of the European
Commission aimed at: firstly, the signing of an Association Agreement between
the European Union and the countries of Central America and the multilateral trade
agreement between the European Union and Colombia and Peru, and secondly, the
conclusion of negotiations on the signing of an association agreement between the
EU
and Mercosur; agreements on the establishment of free trade areas between the
EU
and India, and the
EU
and Singapore, as well as a comprehensive economic and
Trade Agreement between the
EU
and Canada; thirdly, a further liberalization of trade
in
EU
produced agricultural goods and processed agricultural goods with Norway
and Switzerland. Negotiations devoted to the reform of the system of generalized
tariff preferences the European Union for developing countries and least developed
countries after
2013
were continued as well, but did not go beyond the technical
stage.
The achievements of the Polish Presidency should also include its role in the
climate conference in Durban. Its position on the reduction of carbon emissions
under the European Commission s proposals was a clear example of the defence of
Polish national interest, taking into account the economic consequences for Poland.
The Polish government also developed means and methods of operation which
will probably become permanent practice for the future
EU
presidencies. They will
be able to benefit from the experience of the Polish Presidency in the methodology
of conducting negotiations with the delegations of the Member States as well as with
262
Summary
the governments of third countries at both the technical and the political level, and
from the manner and methods of cooperation with the High Representative of the
EU
for External Affairs and Security Policy, the European Service of External Action
and the European Commission. An example of a new methodology for conducting
negotiations with the delegations of the Member States in the Council of the European
Union and Coreper I and Coreper II (political level), as well as committees and
working groups assigned to the Council (technical grade) was the debate on the
European Commission s legislative package, dedicated to the reform of cohesion
policy after
2013.
Following an agreement with Denmark and Cyprus the Polish
Presidency divided the debate into thematic negotiation blocks. The methodology of
negotiations, which involved discussing whole thematic blocks, rather than analyzing
individual legislative proposals article by article , enabled the Polish government
to focus on issues of a strategic nature and to avoid situations where the discussion
would have been overwhelmed by technicalities. This innovative approach to the
negotiations of the Polish government was successful. The Polish Presidency also
proposed a new methodology for accession negotiations, which was adopted by the
General Affairs Council on
5
December
2011
in its expansion conclusions. This new
method of accession talks should henceforth rely on the earliest possible opening
of discussion on the most difficult issues, such as fundamental rights and policies
concerning freedom, security and justice). The new model of cooperation with the
High Representative of the
EU
developed by the Polish government was based on
much more intensive contacts at both political and technical level than during the
Belgian and Hungarian Presidencies. An equally active cooperation model wras
proposed by the Polish Presidency in the relations with the European External
Action Service. Both the cooperation with the High Representative of the Union and
the EEAS can not only help to avoid tensions in these relations, but also helps to
strengthen the position of the Presidency in the institutional system of the European
Union, in particular in the field of internal (and partly external) representation of
the Union. The most telling example of strengthening the position of the Presidency
in relation to the High Representative of the Union was the impact of the Polish
government on the substantive agenda of the Foreign Affairs Council meetings and
the meeting of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Member States of the European
Union according to the Gymnich formula. The most tangible result of this new
approach was also the greater impact of the Presidency on the agenda of the EEAS
and the agreement with EEAS to allow the High Representative to be represented by
the Presidency during some of the meetings of the European Parliament, even when
dealing with third parties. This new methodology is
-
it seems
-
to be permanently
accepted by the European External Action Service, as evidenced by the fact that the
EEAS itself proposed the continuation of this model of cooperation to the Danish
Presidency.
The Polish government also held strong views on the strengthening of the
powers of the Presidency to the external representation of the European Union s
relations with third countries and international organizations. This was visible at
Summary
263
many international conferences coordinated by the Polish Presidency (including
the Rio
+20
process, the climate conference in Durban, Conference of the Parties
of the Bonn Convention, the WTO conference). This resulted in maintaining the
existing division of powers between the Member States and the European Union,
and prevented the empowerment of the European Commission, aiming to play an
independent role in the external representation of the Union. The Polish government
also contributed to the solution of a long-standing dispute between the European
Union and the Member States on representing the European Union in international
organizations. Due to the mediation of the Polish Presidency, the European Council,
the European Commission and the European External Action Service drew up general
rules for the preparation of the European Union positions and statements due to be
submitted to the international organizations. On
22
October
2011
these rules were
approved by the General Affairs Council. These rules determine when a delegation of
the European Union should use the formula on the authority of the
EU ,
and when
on the authority of the
EU
and the Member States .
ín
addition, a procedure was
provided for resolving disputes in this matter. The agreement between the Council of
the European Union, the European Commission and the European External Action
Service should from now on be considered a permanent mechanism.
While complementing the analysis of the achievements of the Polish Presidency
with statistics, it is also worth noting that fifty-three acts were signed during its tenure.
In comparison
-
only thirty-three were signed during the Hungarian Presidency. The
EU
Council passed more than a hundred political conclusions. The Polish Presidency
organized four hundred fifty-two important meetings in Poland, at various levels,
including twenty informal meetings of different units of the Council of the European
Union, thirty conferences at the ministerial level, and over three hundred meetings at
expert level. Furthermore, one thousand nine hundred and forty meetings took place
in Brussels, i.e. at the level of working groups, committees, and formations of the
European Union.
Although the Polish Presidency, like many earlier, suffered several significant
setbacks, it should be noted that most of them were due to either differences of views
between the delegations of the Member States of the
EU
Council on the European
Commission s legislative proposals, extremely difficult to overcome even the good
mediation skills of the Polish Presidency; to negative attitudes of third countries
towards the Polish initiatives or to the European Commission delaying notification
of its proposals. Few failures resulted from the negligence of the Presidency itself.
And so, because of
conceras
of some Member States the Polish government failed
to reach a political compromise on the adoption by the European Council of a decision
authorizing the conclusion of an agreement on the European Union accession to
the ECHR, even though it was that Presidency s operational objective. Due to the
opposition of the Netherlands, the Polish Presidency also failed to include Bulgaria
and Romania in the
Schengen
area. Due to the resistance of the vast majority of
Member States to the European Commission s legislative proposals to strengthen the
debate on
Schengen
governance mechanisms (the new rules of the
Schengen-Acquis
264
Summary
evaluation and changes in the
Schengen
Border Code for
reintroduction
of checks
at the internal borders of the European Union in an emergency) was concluded only
with an agreement on the need to make changes in this area, but without consulting
the most important elements of a possible compromise.
In asylum policy, although the Polish Presidency unlocked legislative work on
the Dublin II Regulation project, it failed to reach a final compromise on the issue.
The reason was the opposition of the vast majority of Member States to the legislative
proposal of the European Commission s plan to complement the
EU acquis
in asylum
policy with a so called emergency mechanism. During the Polish Presidency work
was also halted on the Regulation on the establishment of Eurodac. The vast majority
of delegations demanded the inclusion in this system of a clause allowing Member
States law enforcement authorities access to Eurodac central database
—
under strict
conditions
-
for the purpose of combating terrorism and organized crime. Moreover,
the Commission during the Polish Presidency did not manage to submit a document
setting out the rules for granting such access. As a result, the Polish government
failed to even start formal negotiations on the issue.
British opposition, supported by Lithuania, meant that the Polish government
failed to carry out one of its operational objectives, which was to increase the efficiency
of the European Union in the field of crisis management under the Common Security
and Defence Policy by further development of battle groups and establishment of
a permanent headquarters for planning and conducting civil-military operations).
The Polish government also failed in its intention to include in the declaration
adopted at tile meeting of the Eastern Partnership summit a statement univocally
condemning the Belarusian authorities for non-compliance with human rights, the
rules of democracy and the rule of law and for the repression of civil society and the
media. As a result, a separate declaration to this effect was adopted was developed,
but it was signed only by the Heads of State or Government of the Member States of
the European Union, not by the representatives of the Eastern partners.
The Polish Presidency of the
EU
did not manage to implement another of its
operaţional
objectives, which was to continue negotiations with Turkey. That
failure was due, as in the case of the Belgian and Hungarian Presidencies, to the
impossibility of opening any new chapters of negotiations. The reason was the delay
in the implementation of the reform process by the Turkish government, its still
unresolved dispute with Cyprus, Turkey s growing assertiveness in foreign policy,
but also the deterioration in the atmosphere surrounding that country s accession
to the European Union in some Member States (France, Germany and Austria, and
the Cyprus), as well as a lack of a clear vision for the further development of the
EU
enlargement strategy. The reason for the failure to include Albania, Bosnia and
Herzegovina and Kosovo in the process of enlargement was their limited progress in
meeting the Copenhagen criteria. Therefore, their status is still that of countries only
aspiring to
EU
membership.
Due to the late announcement by the European Commission of the legislative
package on the reform of cohesion policy post-2013, the Polish Presidency failed
Summary
265
to conduct a thorough debate on all four thematic blocks. A similar fate awaited
legislative proposals on the priorities of the Single Market Act. Due to the late
publication of the European Commission draft legislation relating to six of the twelve
priorities contained in this Act, the Polish government did not even begin discussion
of their content.
A delayed announcement by the European Commission of the legislative
package on the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy after
2013,
and significant
controversy among the representatives of the Governments of the Member States
on changes proposed in this area contributed to the fact that negotiations on the
legislative package did not go beyond the stage orientation debates. The Polish
government primarily failed to convince the majority of the delegation to approve
the full equality of direct payments across the European Union on the basis of surface
rates, which was another operational objective of the Presidency.
Mainly because of the extreme difference of views between the delegations in
the
EU
Council, the Polish Presidency of the European Union failed to significantly
advance legislative work on threemajorlegislativeproposalsin social and employment
policy, and three legislative proposals in health policy. Furthermore, in the field of
consumer protection, the Polish government was unable to even begin debate on
the Consumer Policy Strategy
2014-2020.
This time, the reason for the failure were
the changes in the content and process of drafting the strategy, announced by the
European Commission in the second half of
2011.
In transport policy, the Polish government failed in its
intention
for a general
agreement on a draft of a regulation on the revision of
EU
Guidelines on the TEN-T,
even though it was the Presidency s primary operation objective in this area. The
reason was not only a difference of opinion between the delegations, but also the
delayed announcement of the proposal by the European Commission. Due to the
late presentation of legislative proposals by the European Commission, a similar
failure occurred in the implementation of another operation objective of the Polish
Presidency in the transport sector, which was to achieve substantial progress in the
debate on the so-called airport package.
Failure due to negligence of the Polish Presidency include first and foremost very
little activity in the work of the Polish government on the reforming the common
fishing policy, in comparison, for example, with activity devoted to the reform of the
Common Agricultural Policy, which meant that the debate on this topic was limited
to a preliminary exchange of views. Thus, the Polish Presidency failed to meet
its primary operation objective in this area, which was supposed to be a political
agreement in the Council of Agriculture and Fisheries on the Commission s legislative
package. On the other hand, it should be noted that the concerns of some delegations
concerning the package of new regulations from the European Commission on the
reform of the Common Fisheries Policy after
2013
and a very late announcement
by the Commission of one of its components, that is the project of a Regulation
establishing a European Maritime and Fisheries Fund, to a certain extent contributed
to that failure.
266
Summary
Although the balance of the Polish Presidency, measured by achievements in
management and carrying out its basic functions, as well as meeting the specific
priorities and operational objectives, is generally positive, its social assessment is
not so clear. Generally speaking, the study of public opinion in Poland about the
Presidency, carried out by two survey centres, permits the conclusion that it was
a moderate success on the part of the Polish government.
Translated by
Karolina
Czeppe
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Węc, Janusz Józef 1957- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)172467837 |
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| author_role | aut |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041260558 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)867140365 (DE-599)BVBBV041260558 |
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| geographic_facet | Polen Europa |
| id | DE-604.BV041260558 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:43:25Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788376382708 |
| language | Polish |
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| publisher | Księgarnia Akademicka |
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| series | Societas |
| series2 | Societas |
| spelling | Węc, Janusz Józef 1957- Verfasser (DE-588)172467837 aut Pierwsza polska prezydencja w Unii Europejskiej uwarunkowania, procesy decyzyjne, osiągnięcia i niepowodzenia Janusz Józef Węc Kraków Księgarnia Akademicka 2012 [11], 318, [2] s. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Societas 44 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Europäische Gemeinschaften Rat Präsident (DE-588)4136302-4 gnd rswk-swf Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Europäische Gemeinschaften Rat Präsident (DE-588)4136302-4 b Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 g Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 s DE-604 Societas 44 (DE-604)BV022207361 44 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026234402&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026234402&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Węc, Janusz Józef 1957- Pierwsza polska prezydencja w Unii Europejskiej uwarunkowania, procesy decyzyjne, osiągnięcia i niepowodzenia Societas Europäische Gemeinschaften Rat Präsident (DE-588)4136302-4 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4136302-4 (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4046496-9 (DE-588)4015701-5 |
| title | Pierwsza polska prezydencja w Unii Europejskiej uwarunkowania, procesy decyzyjne, osiągnięcia i niepowodzenia |
| title_auth | Pierwsza polska prezydencja w Unii Europejskiej uwarunkowania, procesy decyzyjne, osiągnięcia i niepowodzenia |
| title_exact_search | Pierwsza polska prezydencja w Unii Europejskiej uwarunkowania, procesy decyzyjne, osiągnięcia i niepowodzenia |
| title_full | Pierwsza polska prezydencja w Unii Europejskiej uwarunkowania, procesy decyzyjne, osiągnięcia i niepowodzenia Janusz Józef Węc |
| title_fullStr | Pierwsza polska prezydencja w Unii Europejskiej uwarunkowania, procesy decyzyjne, osiągnięcia i niepowodzenia Janusz Józef Węc |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pierwsza polska prezydencja w Unii Europejskiej uwarunkowania, procesy decyzyjne, osiągnięcia i niepowodzenia Janusz Józef Węc |
| title_short | Pierwsza polska prezydencja w Unii Europejskiej |
| title_sort | pierwsza polska prezydencja w unii europejskiej uwarunkowania procesy decyzyjne osiagniecia i niepowodzenia |
| title_sub | uwarunkowania, procesy decyzyjne, osiągnięcia i niepowodzenia |
| topic | Europäische Gemeinschaften Rat Präsident (DE-588)4136302-4 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Gemeinschaften Rat Präsident Politik Polen Europa |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026234402&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026234402&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV022207361 |
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