Kronologjia iliro-shqiptare ndër shekuj:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Albanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Tiranë
Inst. i Integrimit të Kulturës Shqiptare (IIKSH)
2011
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Biblioteka Astronomia, Kronologjia historike
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Illyrian-Abanian chronology through centuries Includes bibliographical references (pages 267-270) |
| Beschreibung: | 278 pages Ill. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789995646066 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV041258636 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 130906s2011 a||| |||| 00||| alb d | ||
| 020 | |a 9789995646066 |9 978-99956-46-06-6 | ||
| 020 | |z 9995646064 |9 99956-46-06-4 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)859392800 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV041258636 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a alb | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 | ||
| 084 | |a 7,41 |2 ssgn | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Gashi, Ibrahim Rr. |d 1935-2012 |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)139372512 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Kronologjia iliro-shqiptare ndër shekuj |c Dr. Ibrahim Gashi |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Illyrian-Abanian chronology through centuries |
| 264 | 1 | |a Tiranë |b Inst. i Integrimit të Kulturës Shqiptare (IIKSH) |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a 278 pages |b Ill. |c 24 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Biblioteka Astronomia, Kronologjia historike | |
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Illyrian-Abanian chronology through centuries | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (pages 267-270) | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Calendar / Albania / History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Julianischer Kalender |0 (DE-588)4318310-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Illyrer |0 (DE-588)4095922-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kalender |0 (DE-588)4029290-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Islamischer Kalender |0 (DE-588)4332685-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Gregorianischer Kalender |0 (DE-588)4158128-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Albaner |0 (DE-588)4068517-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Albanien |0 (DE-588)4001028-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Illyrer |0 (DE-588)4095922-3 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Albaner |0 (DE-588)4068517-2 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Kalender |0 (DE-588)4029290-3 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Geschichte |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Albanien |0 (DE-588)4001028-4 |D g |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Julianischer Kalender |0 (DE-588)4318310-4 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 2 | |a Islamischer Kalender |0 (DE-588)4332685-7 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 3 | |a Gregorianischer Kalender |0 (DE-588)4158128-3 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 4 | |a Geschichte |A z |
| 689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026232509&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026232509&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 907.2 |e 22/bsb |g 4965 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 900 |e 22/bsb |g 4965 |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026232509 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1806958159697281024 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
KRONOLOGJIAILIRO-SHQIPTARE NDËR SHEKUJ
PËRMBAJTJA
Dy fjalë nga botuesi
.
f.
7
Në
vend të
parathënies. Kronologjia dhe shkenca
të
tjera
ndihmëse
të historisë
. 9
PJESA
E PARE
KOHËMATJA
NË KRONOLOGJINË
SHQIPTARE
SIPAS
KALEND
ARËVE
JULIAN
E
BIZANTIN
KAPITULLI
I
1.
1.
Kronologjia dhe
kalendaët Iliro-Shqiptarë.
21
I^.Emërtimet
e muajve
.25
1.3
.МЫ
j
avën shtatëditëshe
.28
I AErat
shqiptare
.31
KAPITULLI II
II.
1
.МЫ
kalendarët
Julian
e
Gregorian
.33
II.2.Kalendari
і
vj
etër
romak.
Historia
dhe reforma
e tij
.35
II.
3.
Kalendari
Julian
.37
IIARenditja
e ditëve të muajve në kalendarin romak
.40
II.
5.
Re forma e kalendarit
Julian.
Kalendari
Gregorian
.42
П.б.Коћа
e
pranimit
të
kalendarit
Gregorian
në
vende
të ndryshme
të botës. Konvertimi
і
datve të kalendarit
Julian
në data të
kalendarit
Gregorian
.44
KAPITULLI
III
III.DISA KUPTIME KROMNOLOGJIKE TË ZBATUARA NË
SISTEME
TË KOHËMAT
JES
.50
III.
1
.Kuptimi
і
erës
dhe llojet
e saj.
50
ПІЛ
Л.
Erat
historike
.
,
.:.50
271
Dr. Ibrahim GASHI
III. 1.2.Erat legjendare
.52
III.
1
.3-Erat religjioze
.52
III.2.Era kristiane
ose era
ere (e.r.),
edrajonë, eraeDionisit
.53
III.3.Njehsimi
і
viteve para lindjes
së
Krishtit
.55
IIIAEra
e Skaligerit ose Perioda
Juliane.59
III.5.Lidhja
ndënnjet
kalendari
Julian dhe
Periodes
Juliane
(era e Skaligerit)
.60
KAPITULU IV
I
V.STILET E
FILLIM
VITE VE DHE INDIKTET
.66
IV.
1.
Stile
të ndryshme të
fìllimviteve
.66
IV.
1.1.
Stili
modern
і
rrethprerjes (circoncisione)
.68
IV.
1
.2.Stili venecian
(i Venedikut)
.68
IV.
1.3.
Stili
і
Mishërimit-ringjalljes (incarnatione)
.68
IV.lAStiliiPashkëve
.71
IV.
1.5.
Stili
bizantin
ose
grek
.71
IV.
1.6.
Stili
i krishtlindjeve
ose
Roman.
72
I V.
2.
МЫ
klendarin
bizantin
dhe
stilin
e
shtatorit
dhe
të
marsit,
të
përdorur edhe në
Rusi
.72
IV.3.Indiktet
.76
IV.
3.1
.Indikti greko-bizantin
.79
IV.3.2.Indikti
sienes.
80
IV.3.3.bidikti
Bedana
.81
IV.3.4.Indikti Bedana-Gjenovez
.81
IV.
3.5.
Indikti roman
ose papnor (pontifikál)
.81
IVASkema e stileve të
fìllimviteve
dhe të tipeve të indikteve
.83
IV.S.Gjetjaetipittë indiktitnë lidhje me vitin e zakonshëm
.84
KAPITULLI
V
V.DOKUMENTE
HISTORIKE
PËR SKËNDERBEUN DHE
SHQIPËRINË
.86
V.l.(9).Buda,
5
korrik
1443.86
V.2.(10).Kruja,
2
gusht
1443.87
V.3.(12).Venedik,
12
shkurt
1445.87
V.4.(
16).
Apud
portum Baratum,
14
dhjetor
1447.88
V.5.(38).Kajeta,
26
mars
1451 .84
V.6.(40).Romë,
13
prill
1451 .;.89
V.7.(138).Romë,
22
gusht
1454.90
272
KRONOLOGJIAILIRO-SHQIPTARE NDËR SHEKUJ
V.8.(175).Dubrovnik,
18
shkurt
1459.91
V.9.(176).Shkodër, 19shkurt
1459.91
V.10.(185).Mantova,
11
gusht
1459.91
V.ll.(200).Krujë,
31
tetor
1460.92
V.12.(241).Durrës,
8
nëntor
1462.92
V.13.(288).Venedik, 29janarl465
.93
V.
14.(310).
Venedik,
21
shkurt
1466.93
V.15.(342).Viti
6974,
era bizantine.
93
V.16.(387).Venedik,
13
shkurt
1468.94
KAPITULLI
VI
VI.PËRDORIMI
I
KALEND
ARIT
BIZANTIN.
95
VI.
1
.Mbishkrimet në
kishat
e
Shqipërisë
.95
VI.2.Konvertime
të
disa
mbishkrimeve
.98
VI.2.
1.(92).98
VI.2.2.(101)
.99
VI.2.3.(301)
.99
VI.2.4.(309)
.100
VI.2.
5.(520).100
VL2.6.(89)
.101
VI.2.
7.(531).102
VI.2.
8.(2, 3,4).103
VI.2.9.(90)
.105
VI.2.
10.(302).106
Vl.2.1
1.(541).107
VI.2.
12.(13, 522, 817).108
VI.2.
13.(111).109
VI.2.14.(517,
519, 801,802).110
KAPITULLI
VII
VII.DOKUMENTE BIZANTINE
VILI.Nga libri
"Dokumente
të periudhës
bizantine
për historinë e
Shqipërisë,
shek. VII-XV",
përgatitur nga
K.Bozhori, Tirane
1978.113
VILI.
1.(11).113
VII.1.2.(IX)
.114
VII.1.3.(XXVI)
.114
VII.IAÍXLII).
1238-1267.115
VII.1.5.(XLIX)
.115
273
Dr. Ibrahim GASHI
.116
¥II.1.7.(L¥H)
.
116
VII.2.Ng
libri
"Lufta
shqiptaro-turke
në shek.
XV",
búrime
bizantine,
përgatitur
nga
K. Bozhori,
Tirane
1967.117
VII.2.LKRONOKA E
JANINËS
.118
¥11.2.1
Л
.Invazioni
turk
.118
¥11.2.1.1. (23). 118
Vn.2.I.2.(25)
.119
VII.2.I.3.(25/1)
.119
VII.2.I.2.Përpjekjet e shqiptarëve
me turqit
në kohën e
Despotit të Janinës Izaul
.119
VII.2.I.2.(38)
.120
VII^.II.KRONIKA E MADHE
.121
¥11.2.11.
l.Pushtimi
і
tokave shqiptare prej sulltan Bajazitit
I.
. 121
¥II.2.II.2.Pushtimi
і
tokave shqiptare prej sulltan Muratit
II.
122
¥11.2.11.
3.Kryengritj e shqiptarëve të
Peloponezu
1453. 122
¥11.2.11.3.1.122
¥11.2.11.3.2.122
¥11.2.11.3.3.122
¥II.2.II.4.¥dekja e Skenderbeut
.123
PJESA E DYTË
KOHËMATJA SHQIPTARE
SIPAS
KALENDARËVE
ARABO-OSMANË: Hixhri Hënor dhe
Malí-Rumí
KAPITULLI
VIII
VIII.Kronologjia
islame
në Shqipëri
.127
¥111.1
.Kalendarët Hixhri Hënor dhe
Malí-Rumí
.127
¥III.2.Kthimi (konvertimi)
i datave
të kalendarëve Hixhri Hënor
dhe
Malí-Rumí
në data të kalendarëve
Julian
e
Gregorian
.131
¥111.3.
Kronologjia dhe kalendarët në Shqipëri pas pushtimit
osman.
Përdorimi
і
kalendarëve Hixhri Hënor dhe
Malí-Rumí
.137
¥III.4.Kalendarë në gjuhën shqipe që pasqyrojnë
kohmatjen
islame
.140
274
_
КИСЖОЬСЮЛА
ILIRO-SHQIPTARE NDËR SHEKUJ
_
VIII.
5.
Borirne
të Komunitetit Mysliman Shqiptar
.141
VIII.ó.Botime të Komunitetit Bektashian shqiptar
. 143
KAPITULLI
IX
IX.Pasqyrimi
і
kohëmatjes
sipas
kalendarëve H. Hënor dhe Mali-
Rumi në dokumetet
osmane
për Shqipërinë
. 145
IX.l.Nga
libri:
"Vepra
të zgjedhura të arkitekturës
osmane
në
Shqipëri"
. 145
IX.2.Ahmed Rasim:
Ali
PashTepelena dhekryengritja greke
.155
IX.
3.
S
uret
Deft
eri i
sanxhakut
të Shqipërisë
.157
IXA'^HQIPERIA
350
VJET
MË
PARE", autor
Evlia
Çelebi
.161
KAPITULLI
Χ
X.PASQYRIME
TË AKTIVITETEVE SHQIPTARE.
SHKRIME TË AUTORËVE SHQIPTARE DHE
KORRESPONDENCA
E
PUBLIKIME TË
TJERA
QË
PËRDORËN KOHËMAT
JEN
ISLAME.
171
X.l.Nga
libri:
"Akte
të Rilindjes Kombëtare Shqiptare
1878-1912". 171
X.2.
Dokumente
historike
për
ťi
shërbyer historisë tonë kombëtare".
. 177
KAPITULLI
XI
XI.MBISHKRIMET
.183
XI.
1
.Mbishkrimet në përgjithësi
.183
-Vexhi Buharaja
. 185
XI.2.Nga mbishkrimet turko-osmane
.186
XI.2J.Nga
Lezha
.186
XI.2.II.NgaKruja
.188
XI.2.III.Nga Shkodra
.189
XI.2.IV.Nga Vlora
.192
XI.2.V.Nga Berati
.
I92
XI.2.VI.Nga Tirana
.195
XL2.VII.Nga
Gjinokastra
.195
XL2.VIII.Nga
Përmeti
.
I97
XI.2.IX.Nga Libohova
.197
XI.2.X.Nga Elbasani, Peqini, Kavaja dhe Durrësi
.197
275
Dr. Ibrahim GASHI
KAPITULU
XII
XII.DOKUMENTE NGA
KROMSTE TURQË
XIÍ.I.Nga
krónikát
e
Dervish Ahmed Ashik (Ashik pasha
zade)
.201
XII.
II.Nga
krónikát
e
Tursun begut
.203
Përfundime
.205
KAPITULLI
XIII
XHI.EDHE
DISA KUPTIMET KRONOLOGJIKE:
Rrethi Diellor
-
numri diellor, Rrethi
Hënor
-
Numri
і
Arte,
Epakta,
Pashkët, Indiktioni,
Rrethmoti
Julian
.207
XIII. 1
.Rrethi diellor
(cikli
solar) dhe
numri diellor
.208
XIII.2.
Rrethi
hënor
(Cikli lunar) metonik dhe numri i
arte
.209
ХІІІ.З
-Epakta
.
216
XIII.4.PASHKËT
.219
XIII.S.CIKLI HËNOR
I METONIT DHE KISHA
.221
Pasaktësia e
Ciklit
të Metonit
.222
ХШ.б.РАЅНКЕТ,
INDIKTIONI IMADH DHE
DIONISII
VOGËL
.224
XlII^.Përcaktimi
і
dates
së Pashkëve ortodokse
me ndihmën e
tabeles
së Volvinskit
.227
XHI.S.Përllogaritja
e dates së Pashkëve
katolike
(kalendari
Gregoerian) Metodat
tabelare.
230
XIII.9.SÌ
të
gjeni epaktet
.233
-Material per lexim
jashtë leksioneve:
Disa
kuptime nga kalendari
"HAANNAMIA",
i Mikut Bestar,
botuar
në
Milano nga misioni katolik
në vitin
1889:
"Do
sênne
(sende - IG),
qi
і
përkasin
kalendárií".
(Rrethi
Dillnuer,
Numri
i Arte, Epata
(Epakta
- IG),
Si gjindet
dita e
Pashkëve, Indicioni, Rrethmoti
Julian).236
KAPITULLI
XIV
XIII. FESTAT FETARE
DHE PËRCAKTIMI
I
DATA VE
. 239
XIII.l.
FESTAT FETARE MYSLIMANE
.239
276
KRONOLÓGIA ILIRO-SHQIPTARE
NDËR
SHEKUJ
XIII.2.
FESTAT FETARE
KRISTIÁNE
.241
ХІІІ.З.
Përcaktimi
і
datave
té festave
fetare,
që
lidhen me pashkèt
.251
ÇELËSi
I KU F
IRIT.
253
Recense
nga
Prof. dr. Ejup
Hamiti
(Univ.
і
Prishtinës)
_._255
Recense nga Prof. dr. Jahja DrançoUi (Univ.
і
Prishtinës)
_. 257
Summary
.260
Literatura.
267
Përmbajtja
.271
277
Dr. Ibrahim GASHI
Summary
"
ILL YRI AN-ALB
ANI
AN CHRONOLOGY
THROUGH CENTURIES"
The book "Illyrian-Albanian Chronology through centuries" by the author
Dr. Ibrahim Rr. Gashi, deals with the issues of time measuring in Illyrian-
Albanian lands, with the effort to shed the slightest light possible to the
problems related to it, starting from the first millennium b.n.e. until
nowadays. When we talk about time measuring, we have in view the use
of different calendars in our territories, and chronology of social and
natural events that were experienced in different time periods. This
subject is more specified and complete for the period of n.e., especially,
for the period of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empire.
Despite that in this book there will be reflected many foreign time
measuring systems, we will accept calendars and chronological methods
as ours, since they were implemented in Albanian areas. On this occasion
we can also express eulogist considerations for many Albanian and
foreign historians, old and young, some of whose names you find in this
book. By studying, recording and commenting the writings and the
historical documents of different periods for Illyrian-Albanians, including
here the different rich findings of the archaeological sites, they gave their
precious contributions to the called Albanian Chronology. Even the book
that we have in our hands claims to serve this purpose.
We think that it is rather an important message for all the scholars
who deal with historical issues of our country of any field, and why not,
for the students of history: they should recognize theoretically and
practically the basis of structuring of different calendars used during
centuries in our country and beyond, and also with the chronology as an
auxiliary historical science237
.
This becomes necessary also for the fact
that our country for centuries was thrilled by the Romans, Greeks, Slavs,
Turks, etc., at whose times their calendar systems were used. On the other
hand, many historical data about Pellazgus-Illyrian-Albanians were
reflected by foreign chronologists and historians, who used their time
measuring systems for dating the events.
237
For this reason it is used the book of Dr. I. Gashi: "Calendar and chronology in
world and among Albanians", Tirana
2000.
260
_
KRONOLOGJIAILIRO-SHQIPTARE NDËR SHEKUJ
_
Time measuring, in
primiti vp
form, was born with the rise of
human reason, while calendar and chronology as elements of time
measuring, and as later forms of human development, are part and parcel
of the culture of a nation, and thus indicative of their civilization. From
the data of ancient history, the use of calendars was displayed as an
element of the civilizations of old Egypt, of that of old Babylon, of
Chinaman,
Incas
etc.
Since in this book we have tackled the time measuring in ethnic
Albanian lands, we relate its beginnings to the period of existence of
Illyrian tribes, such as Etruscans, Dardanians, Ardians etc, about whom it
is spoken much by many scholars, to pass on to the last period of
flourishing of the Roman Empire, especially in the first century b.n.e.
until the fourth century of
o.e.,
and later on to the Byzantine one, when
Illyrians were under their occupation.
To have a fuller idea about the contents of this book, we stress that
it is divided into two parts. In the first part, containing chapters I
-
VII,
it
is talked about the Illyrian-Albanian Chronology according to the Julian
and Byzantine calendars, whereas in the second part, which contains
chapters
VIII - XII,
the Arab-Ottoman calendars are treated, applied in
Albanian time measuring.
In the first chapter, there is given knowledge on an old Illyrian-
Albanian calendar, under which the year was divided into two seasons
and
8
months, where the months had
45
day-nights. The year-beginning
was May
6,
while midyear by November
5.
In the year-beginning there
were
3
days not included in the month, while in the midyear there were
2
or
3
days. Thus, the duration of the year was
365
or
366
day-nights. Just
in the first chapter of this book the months and days of the week are
labeled, which are very original Albanian ones and indicate that the
Albanian people have had a commendable cultural development.
Particularly, can be mentioned the denomination of days of the week
according to the names of some of the solar system, which were known at
that time, such as Tuesday, which is related to the planet of Mars, Friday
to the planet of
Prenda or
Venus, Saturday to the planet
Shëtuni
or Saturn
etc. These show also about the level of the astronomical recognition by
Illyrian-Albanians.
In the second chapter it is particularly treated the topic related to
the birth of Julian calendar system at the time of
Jul
Cesar; it is spoken
about the era of Diocletian, the famous Emperor of Illyrian origin of the
third century-end
o.e.,
about the styles of the year-beginnings, and also
261
Dr. Ibrahim GASHI
about the indicts used by different countries. Specifically, it is spoken
about the reform of the Julian calendar and the compilation of Gregorian
calendar in the 16-th century-end. All this recognition to our readers
became, as, in some way, they were part of the Illyrian culture, as they
were free citizens of this empire, and later on of its separate parts, where
they contributed with their mind and strength in all fields.
In the third chapter, there are given several meanings of
chronology as an auxiliary historical science, such as the understanding of
the era and its types, the Christian era (new era), calculation of the years
before the new era, the Era of Scaliger or Julian Period, etc. Great
attention is devoted to the connection between the era of Scaliger and the
Julian calendar, providing numerical tables for the reflection of this
relationship.
In the fourth chapter, there are given the styles of the year-
beginnings, (modern style circle-cut, the Venetian style, that of Easter,
Byzantine, etc.); and the (Greco-Byzantine,
Sienes,
Bedana
etc.) indicts,
two very important meanings in the definition of the happening time of
the various events.
In the fifth chapter, there are recorded historical documents about
Scanderbeg and Albania, found in books written by different historians,
where there were mainly used the calendars of different italic styles. In
our book, the dates of these documents are converted according to the
dates of Julian or Gregorian calendars, showing also the manner of
conversion, accompanied by a brief comment.
In chapters six and seven, there are given historical documents
chronicled under Byzantine calendar, where there are also used, such as
the meanings of indicts, the lunar and solar circle etc.
Our goal in exposing plenty of materials with chronicled
documents according to Byzantine calendar or other calendars in different
chapters has been twofold:
-First, to show historical events somewhat unknown to a student reader;
-Secondly, to be more exercised in the conversion of the given dates
according to the calendars used in certain periods specified in the Julian
calendar dates
.
An important place in this book is taken by the reflection of
Islamic time measuring in Albanian chronology, which is the
consequence of five centuries of Ottoman rule in Albania. This Islamic
262
KRONOLOGnA ILIRO-SHQIPTARE NDËR SHEKUJ
time measuring is linked to the eastern civilization, which we can
unequivocally call the cradle of human civilization, both in the material
and in the scientific and spiritual one.
Islamic civilization, based on previous civilizations, be them ancient
like that of Egyptian or Babylonian and Chinese, or that of the subsequent
Greek, was enriched by these civilizations through pocketing their
achievements, but, in return, it further led those important inventions to
various fields of science and human knowledge. As Wiliam Osier said,
"
The Arabs, sparked their lantern from the Greek sacristans, but it soon
became an excellent lighthouse, which enlightened the population of the
globe2n. This new Arab-Islamic civilization, which bloomed in
medievalism, would serve as the basis to draw the Europe, in particular the
Western one, out of darkness. Its influence in the European Renaissance has
already been accepted by all the prominent scholars of the western world.
In the Balkans, the influence of Islamic civilization was strongly
felt as a consequence of the Ottoman conquest of these territories.
Albanian people too, experienced such an impact, due to the acceptation
of the Islamic religion by their majority. This is seen in all aspects of life,
starting from the mentality, the clothes, architecture and construction, the
development of artistic objects, the cultural development in general, etc.
And, it could not be otherwise, considering the Ottoman rule of about five
centuries in our country.
In the book, it is neither written about the positive or negative
sides of this impact, nor about the consequences of the Ottoman conquest
upon us, since this effect is seen only in terms of time measuring, i.e. in
the reflection of the usage of Ottoman-Islamic time measuring systems in
Albanian chronology. To this purpose, the chapters in the second half,
except for some knowledge of the data regarding Lunar Hijri and Mali-
Rumi calendars and the methods for the conversion of the dates in these
calendar to the dates of Julian and Gregorian ones, there are presented
many historical documents relating to the Albanian nation.
In chapter eight it is spoken about Hijri lunar calendar, which the
Arab countries began to use at the beginning of the seventh century and
continue to use it even today. This calendar was also used by the Ottoman
state and all the countries it invaded. Even in Albania, this calendar was
used for five centuries (until the independence of Albania) and it is still
238
Quotation from the book: "The Role of the Arabo-Islamic civilization in the European
Renessance", written by Prof. Hani el-Mubarek and Dr. Sheuki ebu
Halil,
Scopie
1999,
page
21.
263
Dr. Ibrahim GASHI
used today among certain Islamic religious circles and it is applied by all
the Muslims concerning their own devotions and religious holidays.
In the same chapter it is talked about the
Rumi Mali
calendar,
which, for financial effects, began to be used officially in the Ottoman
state in
1878.
This calendar is of the Julian system, but with an early time
measuring as Hijri lunar calendar. This calendar found its implementation
even in Albanian chronology.
In chapter nine there are presented important documents of the
period under Ottoman occupation. Thus, from the book "Selected works
of Ottoman architecture in Albania", which includes
1015
architectural
objects from the cities: Kruje-Tirana
(Akçe
Hisar),
Vlore (Avlonja),
Berat, Dürres,
Gjirokaster,
Korce,
Elbasan, Shkoder, etc., in this book
there are reflected
20
objects. We emphasize that the data for these
objects are of different sources, such as from the archives, from travel-
descriptions as that of Evlija
Çelebiu
or from the yearbooks ("Shkodra
Yearbook H.
1312").
The time definitions of the building of these objects
are provided according to lunar Hijri calendar and belong to its years
900
until
1312
(the years
1494 - 1894
according to the Julian-Gregorian
calendar). Just in the same chapter there are given the documents about
Ali
Pasha Tepelena and "Sura" from the Sanjak Register of Albania.
In chapter ten there are reflected activities of the Albanian
people, writings by Albanian authors, correspondence and other
publications that had used Islamic time measuring. Among these, there
are reflected many documents taken from the book "The Acts of the
Albanian National Renaissance
1878-1912",
containing memoranda,
decisions, protests and calls of the Albanian people for liberation and
independence. In this book, as the marked years show
(1878-1912),
there
are reflected facts and events about the final years of Ottoman rule in the
Albanian lands. Many of these events are related to the Serbian,
Montenegrin, Bulgarian and Russian barbarity towards Albanian
population. Since at that time in the Ottoman Empire it was used Mali-
Rumi calendar, alongside with the lunar Hijri one, many of these facts and
events are dated according to calendar
Mali-Rumi.
The sources used by
the authors are numerous: Acts of Congress of Berlin (PAAA, Turkey
129,
volume
И); В
VA,
Sadaret hususi maruzati, tarih:
5
zilkade
1295;
Documents from different embassies, as "Appendix to the information of
the Austro-Hungarian Council in Shkoder" (HHStA, PA. Montenegro,
Gucia
issue in the months April to March
1880,
XVII/36); newspapers
and other publications where there were written callings and protests of
264
_
KRONOLOGJIAILIRO-SHQIPTARE NDËR SHEKUJ
_
the Albanians against new Serbian invader etc. Out of all the
documentation of this book, we present only
15
documents.
In this chapter we reflect the data from the monthly magazine
"Historical documents serving to our national history," which was
published in.
12
numbers in Elbasan (March
1924 -
February
1925),
Lef
Nosi
editor.
In chapter eleven there are presented the inscriptions made during
the Ottoman rule in Old Turkish, Arabic or Persian, reflected in the mosques
and in other buildings of the religious cult, such as in masjids, in various
public buildings, such as water-pumps, epitaphs on graves and obelisks etc.
All of these inscriptions are important historical documentary sources, so
their identification and study is quite necessary. As it is known, an
inseparable element of these inscriptions is the date, which in many cases is
complete (day, month and year), and sometimes xontains only the year.
Inscriptions brought to our book are taken from the manuscript of the
scholar, writer and poet, of the known Iranian Vexhi Buharaja.
Through these inscriptions, as scholar Buharaja himself said, we
get known with historical data for many important personalities of the
country, with great Albanian families in the Ottoman Empire, with
Albanian feudalists of the Turkish dominant class etc.
There are over
300
Turkish-Arab inscriptions, which were collected,
transcribed and translated by the prominent Oriental Buharaja. He collected
them in the Islamic cults and in other places in the districts of
Berat,
Tirana,
Shkoder, Lezhe, Kruje,
Dürres,
Elbasan,
Vlore, Tepelene,
Permet,
etc.
Gjirokaster. These inscriptions belong to the time period of the XV-XX
centuries. In our book we have presented only
23
of them.
Through these inscriptions there are highlighted also many
activities achieved in the Ottoman Empire, such as the spread of
Islamism,
the strengthening of the mystic-religious outlook, the
proliferation of religious sects, the struggle of the Albanian people against
the Ottoman occupation and later against the Tanzimati reforms etc., all
of them defined in time.
Many objects with their very important inscriptions for the history
of our people were decayed and destroyed by atmospheric influence in the
long period of time, but more by the hand of man during the first and
second world wars, especially during the period of monism.
In chapter twelve there are presented documents from the old
Turkish chronicles, known under the label Tevarih-i-al-i-'Osman
,
which, be of known authors or of anonymous ones, were an important
265
Dr. Ibrahim GASHI
source for the Turkish history, and, of course, for the people who had
links with the Turks. Such are "The chronicles of Dervish Ahmed
Ashik (Ashik-pasha-Zade)","The chronicles of Dursun Beg „etc.
The thirteenth chapter talks more about some cronological
concepts (lunar circle, solar circle etc.), and about some Christian
religious holidays.
The fourteenth chapter is an additional chapter. It contains the
religious holidays, since the recognition of their time of celebration for
the historian or a scholar of any area of the culture of a nation is very
important, because not only in the past but also today many social or
natural phenomena, having time-connections with these celebrations,
have been fixed by people according to them.
As it is seen in this book, there are mentioned a lot of foreign and
Albanian historical documents, where there are made conversions of data
from the calendar represented in them to the Gregorian or Julian calendars.
For readers who are interested in the expanse of their knowledge
concerning issues addressed in this book, we recommend books from the
list below, which deal directly with the time measuring and Gregorian and
Julian calendars as well as the Islamic calendars, which were used at the
time of Ottoman rule, adding here the new solar calendar, which applies
to Libya. We stress that they were also used for the conversions made and
for other issues treated in the presented book. They are:
-Dr. Ibrahim Gashi: "The Calendar and chronology in the world and
among Albanians
",
Tirana,
2000.
-Dr. Ibrahim Gashi: "Hijri lunar calendar and its connection with the
Julian and Gregorian calendar and with the Julian Period" Tirana,
2003.
-Dr. Ibrahim Gashi:
"Mali-Rumi
Calendar and its connection with the
Hijri lunar calendar and Julian Period" Tirana,
2003.
-Dr. Ibrahim Gashi: "Bases of
'KADHAFI'
calendar and its connection
with other calendars
",
Tirana,
2007.
-Dr. Ibrahim Gashi: "Albanian Chronology and Arab-Ottoman
calendars", Tirana,
2009.
266 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Gashi, Ibrahim Rr. 1935-2012 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)139372512 |
| author_facet | Gashi, Ibrahim Rr. 1935-2012 |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Gashi, Ibrahim Rr. 1935-2012 |
| author_variant | i r g ir irg |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041258636 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)859392800 (DE-599)BVBBV041258636 |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV041258636</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">130906s2011 a||| |||| 00||| alb d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9789995646066</subfield><subfield code="9">978-99956-46-06-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="z">9995646064</subfield><subfield code="9">99956-46-06-4</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)859392800</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV041258636</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">alb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">7,41</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Gashi, Ibrahim Rr.</subfield><subfield code="d">1935-2012</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)139372512</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Kronologjia iliro-shqiptare ndër shekuj</subfield><subfield code="c">Dr. Ibrahim Gashi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="246" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Illyrian-Abanian chronology through centuries</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Tiranë</subfield><subfield code="b">Inst. i Integrimit të Kulturës Shqiptare (IIKSH)</subfield><subfield code="c">2011</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">278 pages</subfield><subfield code="b">Ill.</subfield><subfield code="c">24 cm</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Biblioteka Astronomia, Kronologjia historike</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Illyrian-Abanian chronology through centuries</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Includes bibliographical references (pages 267-270)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Calendar / Albania / History</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Julianischer Kalender</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4318310-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Illyrer</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4095922-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Kalender</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4029290-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Islamischer Kalender</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4332685-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Gregorianischer Kalender</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4158128-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Albaner</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4068517-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Albanien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4001028-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Illyrer</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4095922-3</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Albaner</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4068517-2</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Kalender</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4029290-3</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Albanien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4001028-4</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Julianischer Kalender</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4318310-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Islamischer Kalender</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4332685-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Gregorianischer Kalender</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4158128-3</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026232509&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026232509&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">907.2</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="g">4965</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">900</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="g">4965</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026232509</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Albanien |
| id | DE-604.BV041258636 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-10T00:26:26Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789995646066 |
| language | Albanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026232509 |
| oclc_num | 859392800 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 278 pages Ill. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Inst. i Integrimit të Kulturës Shqiptare (IIKSH) |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Biblioteka Astronomia, Kronologjia historike |
| spelling | Gashi, Ibrahim Rr. 1935-2012 Verfasser (DE-588)139372512 aut Kronologjia iliro-shqiptare ndër shekuj Dr. Ibrahim Gashi Illyrian-Abanian chronology through centuries Tiranë Inst. i Integrimit të Kulturës Shqiptare (IIKSH) 2011 278 pages Ill. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Biblioteka Astronomia, Kronologjia historike Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Illyrian-Abanian chronology through centuries Includes bibliographical references (pages 267-270) Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Calendar / Albania / History Geschichte Julianischer Kalender (DE-588)4318310-4 gnd rswk-swf Illyrer (DE-588)4095922-3 gnd rswk-swf Kalender (DE-588)4029290-3 gnd rswk-swf Islamischer Kalender (DE-588)4332685-7 gnd rswk-swf Gregorianischer Kalender (DE-588)4158128-3 gnd rswk-swf Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd rswk-swf Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 gnd rswk-swf Illyrer (DE-588)4095922-3 s Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 s Kalender (DE-588)4029290-3 s Geschichte z DE-604 Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 g Julianischer Kalender (DE-588)4318310-4 s Islamischer Kalender (DE-588)4332685-7 s Gregorianischer Kalender (DE-588)4158128-3 s Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026232509&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026232509&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Gashi, Ibrahim Rr. 1935-2012 Kronologjia iliro-shqiptare ndër shekuj Calendar / Albania / History Geschichte Julianischer Kalender (DE-588)4318310-4 gnd Illyrer (DE-588)4095922-3 gnd Kalender (DE-588)4029290-3 gnd Islamischer Kalender (DE-588)4332685-7 gnd Gregorianischer Kalender (DE-588)4158128-3 gnd Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4318310-4 (DE-588)4095922-3 (DE-588)4029290-3 (DE-588)4332685-7 (DE-588)4158128-3 (DE-588)4068517-2 (DE-588)4001028-4 |
| title | Kronologjia iliro-shqiptare ndër shekuj |
| title_alt | Illyrian-Abanian chronology through centuries |
| title_auth | Kronologjia iliro-shqiptare ndër shekuj |
| title_exact_search | Kronologjia iliro-shqiptare ndër shekuj |
| title_full | Kronologjia iliro-shqiptare ndër shekuj Dr. Ibrahim Gashi |
| title_fullStr | Kronologjia iliro-shqiptare ndër shekuj Dr. Ibrahim Gashi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kronologjia iliro-shqiptare ndër shekuj Dr. Ibrahim Gashi |
| title_short | Kronologjia iliro-shqiptare ndër shekuj |
| title_sort | kronologjia iliro shqiptare nder shekuj |
| topic | Calendar / Albania / History Geschichte Julianischer Kalender (DE-588)4318310-4 gnd Illyrer (DE-588)4095922-3 gnd Kalender (DE-588)4029290-3 gnd Islamischer Kalender (DE-588)4332685-7 gnd Gregorianischer Kalender (DE-588)4158128-3 gnd Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Calendar / Albania / History Geschichte Julianischer Kalender Illyrer Kalender Islamischer Kalender Gregorianischer Kalender Albaner Albanien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026232509&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026232509&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gashiibrahimrr kronologjiailiroshqiptarendershekuj AT gashiibrahimrr illyrianabanianchronologythroughcenturies |