July 1914: countdown to war
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a July 1914 |b countdown to war |c Sean McMeekin |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
AUTHOR S NOTE
IX
DRAMATIS
PERSONAE
xi
CHRONOLOGY
xvii
PROLOGUE: SARAJEVO, SUNDAY,
28
JUNE
1914
1
I. REACTIONS
21
1
Vienna: Anger, Not Sympathy
23
2
St Petersburg: No Quarter Given
47
3
Paris and London: Unwelcome
Interruption
62
4
Berlin: Sympathy and Impatience
78
II. COUNTDOWN
87
5
The Count
Hoyos
Mission to Berlin
89
Sunday—Monday,
5—6
July
6
War Council in Vienna (I)
106
Tuesday,
7
July
7
Radio Silence
114
8-17
July
8
Enter Sazonov
125
Saturday, IS July
9
War Council in Vienna (II)
136
Sunday,
19
July
10
Poincaré
Meets the Tsar
145
Monday,
20
July
11
Sazonov s Threat
152
Tuesday,
21
July
VII
CONTENTS
12 Champagne
Summit
159
Wednesday-Thursday,
22-23
July
13
Anti-Ultimatum and Ultimatum
167
Thursday,
23
July
14
Saz
ono v
Strikes
176
Friday,
24
July
15
Russia, France, and Serbia Stand Firm
191
Saturday,
25
July
16
Russia Prepares for War
207
Sunday,
26
July
17
The Kaiser Returns
223
Monday,
27
July
18
You Have Got Me into a Fine Mess
241
Tuesday,
28
July
19
I Will Not Be Responsible for a
Monstrous Slaughter!
260
Wednesday
, 29
July
20
Slaughter It Is
284
Thursday,
30
July
21
Last Chance Saloon
306
Friday,
31
July
22
Now You Can Do What You Want
327
Saturday,
1
August
23
Britain Wakes Up to the Danger
350
Sunday,
2
August
24
Sir Edward Grey s Big Moment
363
Monday,
3
August
25
World War: No Going Back
373
Tuesday,
4
August
EPILOGUE: THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY
383
NOTES
407
BIBLIOGRAPHY
431
Frequently Cited Sources
436
Other Works Cited
439
INDEX
445
viii
INDEX
Adlerberg
(General),
194, 203, 209
Aehrenthal, Alois Lexa
von, 4, 322
Albertini,
Luigi,
245
Albert I of Belgium,
324, 361, 373
Alexandra (tsarina),
159-160
Alexandria (yacht),
147-148,164,166
Alexis, tsarevich,
159,160
Anglo-Russian Convention of
1907,
148,155
Apis. See Dimitrijevitch,
Dragutin
( Apis )
Artamono
v, Viktor,
50-51
Asquith, Herbert Henry,
328, 329,
330
on German diplomacy,
279
Home Rule and,
71, 77, 250
information from Churchill on
naval premobilisation,
251
news of invasion of Belgium and,
374
response to news of imminent
war in Europe,
313
support for intervention/war,
281, 331, 332, 356, 358, 360, 363,
364, 365
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand,
20
Austrian response to,
28—29, 30-46
British response to,
68-69, 77
car travelled in,
19
as cause of First World War,
384-390
European response to,
48
first attempt,
14-15
German response to,
78-80, 85-86
investigation into,
92-94, 106-107,
120,177
locations of assassins,
12—14
motivation of Serbs involved,
390-391
planning,
6—13
response in Belgrade following,
29
route of motorcade in Sarajevo,
11-13
routes taken by assassins to
Sarajevo,
9
Russian response to,
48-49, 55-61
weapon used,
18
Austria-Hungary
alliance with Germany,
40
assassination as factor in lead-up
to First World War,
386
declaration of war on Serbia,
230,
244-246, 249, 396-397, 400-401
declaration would not annex
Serbian territory,
324-325
decline as European power,
37, 40
general mobilisation,
326
isolation of,
84-85
mobilisation,
115, 202, 218-220,
248-249, 267, 287, 289, 326
need for German support/
approval,
42, 45—46
response among government
officials to assassination,
30-46
response in Vienna to news of
assassination,
28—29
responsibility for First World
War,
391-393, 400-401
shelling of Belgrade,
269, 270
Tisza
and demands on Serbia,
110-111,112-113,115,120-121
war councils,
106-113,136-144,
325-326
See also Berchtold, Leopold
von;
Franz Josef I; Tisza, Stefan
Austrian ultimatum to Serbia
British and French knowledge
of,
155
delay in presenting,
122-124
delivery of,
170-171,172-175
French and Russian response to,
169-170
445
INDEX
Austrian
ultimatum
to Serbia
(continued)
Sazono
v
on,
157—158
Sazonov s rejection of terms,
186-190
Serbian reply to,
197-200, 232-233
timeline for,
137
Austro-Serbian conflict, outcome
scenarios,
233—234
Balfour, Arthur,
328
Balkan League (Serbia, Bulgaria,
Greece, Montenegro),
25, 44, 84
Balkans (c.
1914),
map of,
26
Balkan Wars
(1912-1913), 25, 47,
384, 388
Bark, Peter,
178, 183, 184-185
Barreré,
Camille,
328
Battle of the
Marne,
383
Bažili,
Nikolai,
292
Beauchamp, William,
364, 365
Belgium
British agreement to defend if
German armies invaded,
73—74
British insistence on respect for
neutrality of,
315, 323-324, 333,
360, 368, 372
German invasion of,
352, 371,
373-374, 377, 383
German invasion of, as a cause of
First World War, 401--402
German plans to march through,
278-279, 318
German request to allow free
passage of troops,
339, 360—363
mobilisation,
275, 355
Below-Selaske, Klaus
von, 356,
360-362
Benckendorff, Alexander
direct talks between Austria and
Russia and,
213, 249
four-power mediation plan and,
205-206
Grey s speech to House of
Commons and,
365
notice of Russian general
mobilisation,
303-304
request over British
dreadnoughts,
74—75
Berchtold, Leopold
von,
assassination as pretext for settling
accounts with Serbia,
61
attempts to hide Austrian
intentions regarding Serbia,
125-129, 136-137
belief that preparations still secret,
167-168
belief that Russia would not
engage on Serbians behalf,
48
Bethmann s irresolution and, 306n
confrontation between
Szápàry
and
Sazono
v
and,
167—168
Conrad and,
32—35, 218
control over contents of
ultimatum,
141-144
declaration of war on Serbia and,
237, 244-246, 249, 400-^01
delay in presenting ultimatum
and,
124
desire to declare war,
218—219
determination of Russian
intentions and,
133—134
German support for war with
Serbia and,
41-42, 45-46, 86,
90-91, 94
hedging on war in event of
Serbian rejection of ultimatum,
202-203
informing Germans of Austrian
response to Serbia,
95—96
instructions for delivery of
Austrian notes to Berlin,
96—97
making case for war against
Serbia,
107-109, 111-113, 116,
120-121
meeting with Franz Josef over
demands on Serbia,
116—117
meeting with
Lützow, 126—127,
128
mobilisation and,
115, 325—326
news of Serbian rejection of
ultimatum and,
202
photograph of,
27
reassurance of German support,
236
rejection of mediation,
245
response to assassination,
27—28,
30-31
responsibility for First World
War,
392, 394-395, 396-397
Second Balkan War and,
84
second war council and,
140
timing of Serbian ultimatum and,
123-124,130-131
446
INDEX
Tisza
and,
31, 115-116
Tschirschky and,
218
ultimatum timetable and delivery,
170-171
Berchtold, Nandine
von, 27
Berliner
Lokal-Anzeiger
(newspaper),
304
Berliner
Tageblatt
(newspaper),
72
Berthelot,
Philippe,
325
Bertie, Francis,
323, 348
Bertrab, Hermann
von, 105
Bethmann Hollweg, Martha,
103
Bethmarm Hollweg, Theobald
von,
45, 80
audience with
Goschen
over
Russian mobilisation,
308—309
border violations by French
troops and,
370
breach with England and,
233-234
British neutrality and,
274-275,
276-281, 343, 377-379
confirmation of Russian
mobilisation,
286-288, 309
declaration of war on France and,
350-351
distrust of by those pressing for
war,
102-103
events leading to declaration of
war on Russia and,
337—347
failure to gather and present
information on European
response to ultimatum,
228-229, 230-232
First Balkan War and,
84
German mobilisation and,
311—312
German responsibility for
movement towards war and,
234-235, 237
halt in Belgrade proposal and,
252-255, 256-257, 306
information on European
response to ultimatum,
223—224
on invasion of Belgium,
377
irresolution of,
306
keeping Serbian reply to
ultimatum from kaiser,
243-244
loss of control over events,
352-353
mediation plans and,
235-238, 281
meeting with Moltke and
Falkenhayn on mobilisation
measures,
267-268
notice to Britain of German
mobilisation,
329
photograph of,
103
protest over British-Russian naval
talks,
72
rapprochement with England,
90, 102
rebuke by kaiser,
251
refusal to warn Russia against
mobilisation,
254-255
responsibility for First World
War,
393-394
speech on war to Reichstag,
376-378
support for Austrian action,
104-105, 109
Turkey and,
353-354
wife s death and,
103-104
Wilhelm
II and,
224-227
Bienerth,
Karl von, 289-290
Bienvenu-Martin, Jean-Baptiste,
195,
262
Biliríski, Leon
von, 4, 31, 51, 109,
137
bin Laden, Osama, 391
Bismarck,
Otto von, 32, 40,
81-θ2
Black Hand, 7-8,17, 25, 33, 49, 212,
390
Boisdeffre,
Raoul de,
400
Bonar
Law,
Andrew, 328, 332, 350,
357, 358, 363
Boppe, Jules August, 198, 199
Bosnia-Herzegovina, annexation of,
3-4, 25, 186-187
Bosnian Crisis
(1908-1909).
See First
Bosnian Crisis
Breslau
(cruiser),
380-381
Brideshead Revisited (Waugh), 364n
Britain
agreement to defend the Channel,
359
assassination of Franz Ferdinand
as factor in lead-up to First
World War,
385-386
France and Russia as allies in war,
59-60, 390
German complaint about Russian
mobilisation,
214—216
German desire for neutrality of,
274-275, 276-281
German invasion of Belgium and,
278-279, 374
447
INDEX
Britain (continued)
Grey in aftermath of speech,
371-372
Home Rule crisis,
69-70, 72, 250,
385-386
insistence on respect of Belgian
neutrality,
73-74, 323-324, 333,
360, 368, 372
mobilisation,
364—365
naval agreement with France,
72-73, 402
naval talks with Russia and
France,
72-74
noninterventionists vs.
interventionists in,
280—281,
314, 331-333, 356-360, 369, 402
obligations to France,
359, 366-369,
402
obligations to Russia,
59—60
offer of neutrality,
310-311,
341-345, 347-349
premobilisation of navy,
229, 232,
239-240
resignations over war,
363—364
response to assassination,
68—69, 77
response to German and Russian
mobilisation,
328-333
response to news of imminent
war in Europe,
312-316
Russian mobilisation and,
181—182,
238-240, 328-333, 356
See also Buchanan, George;
Churchill, Winston; Grey,
Edward
British dreadnoughts,
60-61, 74,
315-316, 380, 381, 388
Brück
(Consul),
246, 286
Buchanan, George
British neutrality and,
279-280
failure to report Russian
mobilisation,
356
at Franco-Russian summit,
154-155
inept reporting of,
403
meeting with Sazonov on Russian
mobilisation,
194-195
obliviousness to Russian
mobilisation,
246, 247-248, 249
refusal to sanction war,
181—182
on Russian mobilisation,
238-239
on Russian reaction to
assassination,
56
Sazanov claim of German
mobilisation and,
299—300
Sazonov s uneasiness with
Austrian ultimatum,
134
telegram from George V and,
330
Bulgaria,
41, 110,
111,
353, 383, 389
Bülow, Bernhard von, 82, 83
Bundesrat, 80
Bunsen, Maurice de,
127-129
Burns, John,
358, 359, 360, 364, 402
Bützkow,
Κ. Ε.,
175
Caillaux, Henriette,
63, 64, 65
Cailla ux, Joseph,
62—64, 66
rivalry with
Poincaré,
64—67
Caillaux, Mme,
146
Caillaux scandai/trial,
62-64, 65-66,
68, 69, 251, 385
Calmette, Gaston,
63, 65, 66, 67, 322
Cambon, Jules
on
Austrian
mobilisation,
326
confirmation
of Russian
mobilisation,
318-320
German
mobilisation news and,
304
return to
Berlin,
370-371
on
significance of Russian
mobilisation,
294
Cambon, Paul
allegation of German
invasion
of
France
and,
305
British agreement to defend the
Channel,
359
Grey on Russian mobilisation
and,
314-315
Grey s speech to House of
Commons and,
365, 366
naval alliance with Britain and,
73, 74, 402
offer of British neutrality and,
348
report to Grey on invasion of
Luxembourg,
357
request that Britain ask Austria to
suspend military measures,
265
response to idea of mediation,
204-205, 206
Cambrun, Charles
de,
292
Capelle,
Eduard von, 105
Carlotti
di
Ribarbella, Carl,
131
Carnet
В,
323
Cato
the Elder,
24
Censorship, of Russia press,
208—209
448
INDEX
Chabrinovitch, Nedjelko
assassination day,
12—13, 14—15
confession of,
92
planning assassination,
6—11
Chelius,
Oskar von, 194, 203-204,
209, 224, 275
Chotek, Sophie,
1, 2—3, 30.
See also
Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg
Chubrilovitch,
Vaso,
12-13, 14
Chubrilovitch, Veljko,
8-Ю, 14
Churchill, Winston,
206, 328
Curragh Incident and,
69-70
Home Rule crisis and,
69-70, 72,
385-386
navy at Straits of Dover and,
260
on outbreak of First World War,
383
photograph of,
75
premobilisation of fleet and,
229,
232, 239-240, 251, 280, 364
refusal to block delivery of British
dreadnoughts,
75, 76
response to assassination,
76—77
response to news of imminent
war in Europe,
313, 314,
315-316
seeking direction after Grey s
speech,
371
support for intervention /war,
331-332, 358
war and,
403
Ciganovitch, Milan,
7-8
Common army, ethnic makeup of,
33-34, 46
Confederated French trade unions
(CGT),
375
Conrad
von Hötzendorf,
Franz
Austrian mobilisation schedule
and,
218-219
Austrian ultimatum to Serbia and,
115,117
belief that Russia would not
engage on Serbians behalf,
48
desire for war with Serbia,
24—25,
27, 32-35, 42, 387
making case for war against
Serbia,
106, 107-108, 109
mediation and,
237
mobilisation and,
115,122-123,
171-172, 202-203, 253, 325
Moltke instructions to,
289-290
on need for German support,
40-41
response to assassination,
23—24,
32-35
responsibility for First World War,
392,393
on vacation leave/
125
visit to Sarajevo June
1914, 1, 4
war councils and,
137, 138-139,
141
Continental war,
233-234
Crackanthorpe, Dayrell,
197, 199
Crimean War,
384, 389
Crowe, Eyre,
278-279
Curragh Incident,
69-71
Czernin, Otto,
56-57,133
Daily Mail (newspaper),
70
Oaily Telegraph (newspaper),
82, 83, 98
Danilov, Yuri,
292
Defenders, modern warfare and,
384
Delcassé, Théophile,
59
Derby, Lord,
368
Deseos,
Léon,
156—157
Dimitrijevitch,
Dragutin
( Apis ),
6, 7,
28, 49, 50,197, 200, 391
Dobrorolskii, Sergei
general mobilisation and,
272,
302,304
partial mobilisation and,
192—193,
397
readiness for mobilisation,
179-180, 298
revocation of general mobilisation
order,
273
understanding that mobilisation
meant war,
396, 400
Doumergue,
Gaston,
146,149, 257
Drea dnoughts
British,
60-61, 74-76, 315-316, 380,
381, 388
German,
353, 380-381
Turkey and,
353, 388, 389
Dumaine, Alfred,
169
Ebener
(General),
335
Edward
VII,
43
Efendi,
Fehim, 1, 11, 15
Eggeling,
Bernhard von, 209, 221
Enver,
Pasha,
353
Eulenberg, August, 226-227
Europe,
1914 map
of,
Eyschen, Paul, 354-355
449
INDEX
Falkenhayn,
Erich von, 404
as advisor to
Wilhelm
II,
100, 101
British offer of neutrality and,
343
delaying
Kriegsgefahrzustand, 274,
276
German mobilisation request and,
341
German army s precautionary
measures and,
267
inaugurating
Kriegsgefahrzustand,
309,311
preventive war and,
387
on war as fait accompli,
350, 351
Fay, Sidney,
201
Ferry, Abel,
263
Le
Figaro (newspaper),
63
First Balkan War,
25, 49, 51-52, 83-84,
178
First Bosnian Crisis,
4, 24, 25, 47, 322,
384, 388
First World War
assassination of Franz Ferdinand
and,
384-390
beginning of,
383-384, 400
responsibility for causing,
384-^05
Fleet (Naval) Week at Kiel,
76, 90
Fleischmann
(Captain),
288-289
Forgách,
Johann, 126
France
allegation of German invasion,
354, 375
assassination of Franz Ferdinand
as factor in lead-up to First
World War,
385
British obligations to,
366-368
Caillaux trial and,
62-64, 65-66,
68, 69, 251, 385
death of
Jaurès,
322-323
debate over war,
375—376
early battles in war,
383
Franco-Russian summit,
145—166
German declaration of war
against,
370-371
knowledge of Russian
mobilisation,
262-263, 264-265
military alliance with Russia,
40
military strength of,
404
mobilisation,
267, 268, 302,
304-305, 316-325, 327-328,
334-337
naval agreement with Britain,
72-73, 402
neutrality of Belgium and,
323-324
preliminary mobilisation,
267, 268
public readiness for war,
261,
263-264
response to early Russian
mobilisation,
290-296
response to news of assassination,
62-63
response to news of German
mobilisation,
316—325
responsibility for First World
War,
398-400
Russia and Britain as allies in war,
390
support for Russia in event of
war,
59
support for Russian mobilisation,
181-182, 195-196
support for Russian plans,
257-258, 259
support for Russia s position,
166
ten-kilometre withdrawal,
304,
305, 356, 399-400
See also
Poincaré,
Raymond;
Viviani,
René
France (battleship),
164-165, 167, 260,
261-262
Franz Ferdinand,
annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina
and,
3-4
assassination of (see Assassination
of Franz Ferdinand)
funeral of,
42-45
marriage,
2—3, 30
Serbs and, 3-A
visit to Sarajevo (June
1914), 1-2,
4-6
Franz Josef I
concerns about Russia,
37
as emperor,
35—36
meetings over action against
Serbia,
116-117
news of Serbian rejection of
ultimatum and,
202
Oath of Renunciation and,
2
photograph of,
36
response to assassination of Franz
Ferdinand,
24, 29-30, 37
450
INDEX
responsibility for First World
War,
391
support for action against Serbia,
106
Tisza
and,
32
urging caution in responding to
Serbia,
94-95
visit to Bosnia-Herzegovina,
4
war council and,
325—326
Fredericks, Count,
160
French, John,
70
Friedrich,
Archduke, Duke of
Teschen,
108
Geneva Convention of
1907, 351
George V
appeal to Nicholas II regarding
Russian mobilisation,
329-330
British neutrality and,
276, 279,
343-344
peace-minded telegram,
306«
telegram on misunderstanding of
neutrality offer,
347-349
Wilhelm
II and,
311
German dreadnoughts,
380—381
Germany
access to Ottoman Straits and,
54
alerting Europe to mobilisation in
response to Russians,
312
alliance with Austria,
40
alliance with Turkey,
353-354
anxiety over war rumours,
340—341
assassination of Franz Ferdinand
as factor in lead-up to First
World War,
386-388
assigning responsibility for war to
Russia,
287-288
Austria s need for support of,
42,
45-46
belief that Russia would not join
in war,
100, 106
British ultimatum to,
374-375, 379
claims of French invasion,
354
contents of Austrian ultimatum
and,
142-144
declaration of war on France,
350-352, 370-371
declaration of war on Russia,
345-347, 350
desire for British neutrality,
90,
120, 274-275, 276-281, 330-331
doubts about Austria s intentions,
100-102, 104
earlv battles in war,
383
events leading to declaration of
war on Russia,
337—347
failure of diplomatic-strategic
maneuvers,
284—285
French response to mobilisation
of,
316-325
halt in Belgrade proposal,
252-255,256-257
invasion of Belgium,
278-279, 371,
373-374, 377, 383
invasion of Luxembourg,
339, 343,
344, 349, 354, 355
localisation and,
205
military weakness of,
404-^405
mobilisation,
340, 341—343,
354-355, 404
mobilisation, delay in,
274—276
mobilisation, in face of Russian
mobilisation,
302-303,
3Î2
mobilisation, start of,
309—311
mobilisation plans,
267-269, 317
placing blame for war on Russia,
376-377
Potsdam council of
27
July,
227-229
response to assassination,
78—80,
85-86
response to Austrian and Russian
partial mobilisations,
266—269
response to British-Russian naval
talks,
71
responsibility for First World
War,
393-394, 401^02, 403-^05
responsibility for movement
towards war,
234-235, 238
Russian mobilisation, knowledge
of,
209, 220-222, 275
Russian mobilisation, protest of,
214-217
Russian mobilisation, response on
learning of,
286-290
Russian mobilisation, seeking
confirmation of,
306-309
Sazonov claim of mobilisation by,
299-300, 301
strategic position in
1914, 387-388
support for Austrian action
against Serbia,
90-91, 99-100,
104-105, 114, 119-120
451
INDEX
Germany (continued)
Tisza s peace initiative and,
41—42
ultimatum to Belgium for free
passage of troops,
339, 360—363,
368
war-readiness of,
90—91
See also Bethmann Hollweg,
Theobald
von; Wilhelm
II
Giesl von Gieslingen
Hartwig
visit and,
117-119
Serbian response to ultimatum
and,
198, 199, 200-202
ultimatum delivery and,
170,
172-175
Gladstone, William Ewart,
70, 368
Goremykin, Ivan L.,
60, 147, 160,
182-183
Goschen, W.
Edward
audience with Bethmann over
Russian mobilisation,
308—309
Bethmann and request for British
neutrality and,
277-278
Grey s instruction to promote
direct talks between Austria
and Russia and,
250-251
Jagow s rejection of mediation
proposal and,
230
ultimatum to Germany and,
374-375, 379-380, 381
warning to Berlin and,
372
Gough, Hubert,
70
Grabezh, Trifko,
8-11, 93, 94
assassination day,
12—13, 14, 15,
16-17, 19-20
Great Britain. See Britain
Greece,
383-384, 389
Grey, Edward
attempts to limit war,
330-331, 333
Bethmann and,
102
British neutrality and,
341-342,
345, 347-349, 378-379
Buchanan s report on Russian
mobilisation,
182
failing health of,
75-76
four-power mediation plan,
204-206, 213, 215, 216, 217, 228,
230, 235, 238, 245
French claims of German
invasion,
354
ignorance of Austrian declaration
of war,
250-251
ignorance of Russian mobilisation,
249, 250
knowledge of Russian
mobilisation,
214-216, 238-239
making case for intervention,
358-359, 360
military alliances among Britain,
France and Russia,
72—74
nonintervention and,
356—357
notice from Viviani that Germans
mobilising,
305
report of Austrian intentions
regarding Serbia and,
127-129
report on invasion of Luxembourg
and,
357
report on Serbian response to
ultimatum and,
197
reports on Russian mobilisation
and,
194, 195
response to news of imminent
war in Europe,
313—314
responsibility for First World
War,
402-403
on Serbian reply to ultimatum,
233
speech to House of Commons,
363-370, 371, 378
ultimatum to Germany and,
374-375, 379
warning to Germany and,
279-281
Griesinger, Julius
Adolph, 200
Grigorevich, Ivan K.,
59, 60, 178, 184
Gruić,
Slávko,
174
Grünwald,
Baron,
203-204, 209
The Guns of August (Tuchman),
43,
398
Haase, Hugo,
322, 378
Hague Tribunal,
256
Halt in Belgrade proposal,
252-255, 256-257, 269, 306
Harrach, Count,
19, 20
Hartwig,
Ludmilla,
118
Hartwig,
Nikolai
Balkan League and,
25
death of,
117-119
influence on Serbia,
37, 49-50,
51-52
response to assassination of Franz
Ferdinand,
48—49, 51
452
INDEX
Heinrich,
Prince,
276
Hell (General), 307
Hohenlohe-Schillingfürst,
Prince,
96
Holstein, Friedrich von, 83
Home Rule,
69-71, 72, 250, 385-386
Hoyos,
Alexander
as courier for Austrian diplomatic
notes to Berlin,
96-98, 101-102,
104
Naumann
and,
89—91
report on Berlin trip,
107-108
Hungarian Diet,
34
Hungary
ethnic tensions in,
386
position in dual monarchy,
34
See also Austria-Hungary;
Tisza,
Stefan
Ignatiev, Count,
294
Hitch,
Danilo,
10-11, 13, 14, 16
confession of,
92-94, 106-107
Indefatigable (dreadnought),
380
Indomitable (dreadnought),
380
Ireland,
Horne
Rule and,
69-71,
385-386
Italy
Austrian ultimatum and,
175
British belief on role of in event of
war,
275
hostility to Austria,
216
lack of support for Germany,
352,
353
neutrality of,
171-172, 328, 375
recruitment as ally,
383-384
treaty with Germany,
340
Triple Alliance and,
40, 139
Izvolsky, Alexander,
148, 204
briefing of
Poincaré
and Viviani,
264-265
First Bosnian Crisis,
4, 55, 322
Franco-Russian summit and,
160
on French approval of Russian
mobilisation,
296
German mobilisation and,
293-294
missing letters of,
55—56
relationship with
Poincaré,
66, 67
Russian mobilisation and,
303
Sazonov message on French
support and,
258
Sazonov s message that war
imminent,
398, 399
on Viviani,
67-68
Jagow, Gottlieb
von, 80, 331
British neutrality and,
341-342,
343, 345
declaration of war on Russia and,
338
denial of mobilisation,
304
desire for war,
223, 231
four-power mediation idea and,
205-206, 230, 236
halt in Belgrade proposal and,
254
meeting with
Goschen, 379
Naumann
and,
89, 91
on need for speed on Austria s
part,
217-218, 219
partial mobilisation in Russia
and,
276
Potsdam council and,
227-228
on relations with Italy,
143
support for action against Serbia,
114-115
ultimatum and,
188, 394
ultimatum to Belgium for
passage of German troops,
360-361
Wilhelm
II
s
request for
negotiations and,
242, 243
Jaurès, Jean
death of,
322-323
against Franco-Russian summit,
145
funeral of,
375
Poincaré
and,
64, 65, 385
Jof
fre,
Joseph
allegations of German
mobilisation and,
304
border incidents and,
354, 400
knowledge of Russian
preparations,
293
knowledge of Russian resolve on
war,
398
mobilisation and,
316, 318—319,
321, 327-328, 334-335
photograph of,
319
support for Russia,
257, 258, 263,
395
threat of general strike and,
323
453
INDEX
Jouhaux,
Léon,
375
Jovnnovitch, Mishko,
10—11
Karl, Archduke,
48
Kokovtsov,
V. N.,
59, 60, 179, 180,
388, 397
Kosovo
Polje,
5, 29
Krasnoe
Selo
Franco-Russian summit at,
160-161, 168
review of imperial troops at,
191-192, 194, 196, 203, 209,
224
Kriege, Herr, 352
Kriegsgefahr, 268
Kriegsgefahrzustand, 193, 267-268,
269, 274, 276, 289, 290, 305, 306,
307, 309, 310-311, 398
Krivoshein,
A. V.,
53, 54-55, 59, 147,
183, 296-297, 300, 398
Krobatin, Alexander, 202
on vacation leave/
117, 125
war councils and,
109, 111—112,
137, 138, 140, 141
Kudashev,
Ν. Α.,
202
Laguiche, Pierre
de, 148, 196, 220,
293, 395, 399
Landsdowne, Lord,
357, 363
Lichnowsky, Karl Max
von, 204, 205,
251
and Grey s warning that Britain
would not stay neutral,
279,
281,286-287
Bethmann s speech to Reichstag
and,
378
on British intentions,
275
British naval test mobilisation
and,
231-232
British offer of neutrality,
313, 314,
330, 344-345, 348«, 378-379
British-Russian naval talks and,
72,74
complaint about Russian
mobilisation to Britain,
214-217
Grey and,
233
Grey s speech to House of
Commons and,
369—370
promising respect for Belgian
territory,
364
Liège,
battle over,
373-374, 383, 403
Liège,
German plans for lightning
strike on
M
+ 3, 352
f n,
355,
371fn,
373, 401-403,
428п2
Liman
von Sanders
affair,
54, 59, 60,
146, 179,385,388
Limpus, Arthur, 74
Little
Englander
faction,
280, 314,
331, 332, 358-359
Lloyd George, David, 332, 358, 359,
360, 364
Localisation, of Austro-Serbian
dispute,
186, 205, 217, 225, 232,
233, 235, 376
Lützow, Heinrich von, 126-127, 128
Luxembourg, German invasion of,
339, 343, 344, 349, 354, 355
Lyncker,
Moritz von, 100, 342
Margerie, Bruno
de, 324
Marie Christine,
3
Mass conscription,
384
Maximilian (son of Franz
Ferdinand),
2
Mediterranean, Russian need for
access to,
53—54.
See also
Ottoman Straits
Mehmedbashitch,
14, 93
Mensdorff, Albert,
204, 251
Messimy,
Adolphe
knowledge of Russian
preparations, 293r
294, 295,
318
knowledge of Russian resolve on
war,
318, 398, 399
mobilisation and,
321, 327, 335,
336-337
support for Russia and war,
257,
258, 263, 324, 395
Metzger,
Josef,
108
Mobilisation
Austrian,
202-203, 218-220, 267,
287, 325-326
Belgian,
275, 355
British,
229, 232, 364-365
equation with war,
312, 346,
399^00
French,
267, 268, 316-325,
327-328, 334-337
German,
267-269, 309-311, 317,
340, 341-343, 354-355, 404
pattern on eastern front
(1914),
291
454
INDEX
pattern on western front
(1914),
317
Russian (see Russian mobilisation)
Serbian,
200-201
Mobilisation Plan
XVI
(France),
316
Mobilisation Plan
XVII
(France),
316,
318
Moltke,
Helmuth
von, 80, 101, 231
Austrian and Russian partial
mobilisations and,
266-267
Bethmann and,
102
First Balkan War and,
84
invasion of Belgium and,
352,
373-374, 401
invasion of Luxembourg and,
349
military plans of,
404^-05
mobilisation order and,
341,
342-343
mobilisation plans,
317, 318, 339,
340, 371
Potsdam council and,
227-228,
229, 274
pressure on Austria to mobilise,
325-326
preventive war with Russia and,
386-388
responsibility for First World
War,
401
rumours of border incidents with
France and,
354
Russian mobilisation and,
221,
288-290
waiting to mobilise,
221, 222,
223, 288-290, 305, 306-307,
309-310
on war as fait accompli,
350—351
Wilhelm
II and,
343, 344
Monarchical principle,
44, 57, 91, 95,
98, 133, 177, 187, 212
Morley, Lord John,
314, 332, 333,
358-360, 363, 364, 365, 402
Morocco,
Wilhelm
II and,
82, 83
Müller,
Georg
Alexander
von, 78,
227, 229
Narodna Odbrana (National
Defense),
7, 10, 25, 33, 142,177,
197-199
Naumann, Victor, 89-91
Naval alliances,
among Britain,
France, and Russia,
72—74
Nicholaevitch, Nicholas (Romanov),
Grand Duke,
161-162, 164, 196
Nicholas I,
161-162
Nicholas II,
184, 190
Austrian intentions regarding
Serbia and,
135
general mobilisation orders,
286,
300-302, 398
mobilisation order, repeal of,
273,
296-297
mobilisation orders,
184, 192,
258-259, 271, 272
photograph of,
165
responsibility for First World
War,
395, 398
Sazanov and,
52
Sazonov and request for general
mobilisation order,
300-302
Serbian request for arms and,
59
summit with
Poincaré,
67, 121,
147-153, 159-166
telegrams to and from
Wilhelm
Π,
147, 255-256, 271, 272-273, 285,
287, 311, 345, 346
Nicolaievna,
Anastasia,
162-163, 165
Nicolaievna, Militiza,
162—163
Nicolson, Arthur,
214-216, 315,
329-330
Nikitsch-Boulles, Paul,
11-12
Oath of Renunciation,
2
Obilie, Miloš,
5
Obruchev,
N.
N.,
400
Ottoman Straits
British dreadnoughts and,
74-76
closing Straits to shipping,
54
Russia and,
53-54, 59-61, 304
See also Turkey
Pacu, Laza,
Dr,
173-175
Paléologue,
Maurice
as ambassador to Russia,
146,
147-148,150
communicating French support
for Russian plans,
181, 257-258,
259, 263
confirmation of Russian
mobilisation,
303, 321-322, 398
deception to manipulate British
response/policy,
248
455
INDEX
Paléologue,
Maurice (continued)
difficulty communicating with
France,
261-262
Franco-Russian summit and,
153,
154, 156, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164,
165-166
meeting with Sazonov on Russian
mobilisation,
189-190, 194-196
response to assassination,
55
responsibility for First World
War,
395
role in urging secret Russian war
preparations,
292-293
Sazonov claim of German
mobilisation and,
299-300
Sazonov on ultimatum,
213
Palmerston (Lord),
73
Pašić, Nikola,
190
assassination plot and,
391
Austria-Hungary s declaration of
war and,
245
Austrian ultimatum and,
142,
172-173, 175
photograph of,
50
request for arms and supplies
from Russia,
58-59, 61, 184
response to ultimatum,
197,
198-201
Russian backing for,
49
warning to Austria,
51
Period Preparatory to War. See
Russian mobilisation
Plan
19, 180, 203
Plessen, Hans G. H.
von, 100, 101,
229, 241
Poincaré,
Raymond
anti-ultimatum ultimatum and,
169-170
briefing on European events upon
return from summit,
262-265
death of
Jaurès
and,
322-323
debate over war and,
375, 376
on French allegiance to Russia,
156
general mobilisation order and,
335
German mobilisation and,
320«
knowledge of Russian
mobilisation,
196-197, 356
knowledge of Russian resolve on
war,
398, 399
notice of and response to Russian
mobilisation to,
294, 295-296
photograph of,
165
response to assassination news,
62
responsibility for First World War,
395
return to France after Franco-
Russian summit,
261
rivalry with Caillaux,
66—67
Russian financial support for,
66, 67
Sazonov and,
147
summit with Nicholas II,
145—157,
159-166
Three-Year Service Law and,
64-65, 67
voyage returning from summit,
190,195, 196
voyage to summit,
121, 124
Popovitch, Cvjetko,
8, 12-13
Potiorek,
Oskar,
4, 6-7, 12, 16, 19, 106
Pourtalès, Friedrich
chance meeting with Sazonov,
209-210
conversations with
Spalaiković
and Sazonov on ultimatum,
186-189
at Franco-Russian summit,
154
German mobilisation in response
to Russia s and,
268-269,
270-271
informing Sazonov of German
alliance obligations,
282-283
presentation of declaration of war
on Russia,
338-339, 345-347,
350
presentation of German
ultimatum on Russian
mobilisation,
337
Russian mobilisation and,
209,
213, 220-221, 309, 310
Sazonov and Austrian ultimatum,
157-158, 168, 186-189, 298-299
Sazonov s response to
assassination and,
57—58
Präventivkrieg
(preemptive war),
90,
102, 387-388
Princip, Gavrilo,
6-8, 10-11, 390
arrest and confession of,
92, 93—94
assassination day,
12—13, 14, 15,
16, 17-18, 20
Rasputin,
159-160
Recouly, Raymond,
335—336
Reichsrat, 34
456
INDEX
Reinìnghaus,
Gina von,
24и
Reininghaus, Hermann von, 24n
Reinsurance Treaty of
1887, 40
Reshad
V,
315-316
Rhemen,
Baron,
23
Riezler, Kurt,
233-234
Ritter von Storck, Wilhelm, 29, 48
Robién,
Louis de, 157
Rodzianko, M.
V.,
296, 300, 398
Romania
Franz Ferdinand and, 386
lack of support for Germany,
352,
353
need to bring into Triple Alliance,
41
as potential Serbian ally,
110, 138,
139
recruitment as ally for Entente,
383-384
treaty with Germany,
340
Rudolf, Crown Prince,
28
Russia
annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina
and,
3—4
assassination of Franz Ferdinand
as factor in lead-up to First
World War,
388-390
Austrian ultimatum and,
175,
182-185
early battles in war,
383
fear of British-built Ottoman
dreadnoughts in Black Sea,
74-75
February war council,
59, 60—61
fragility of empire,
53—54
France and Britain as allies in
war,
390
Franco-Russian summit,
145—166
German declaration of war on,
338, 345-347, 350
information on Austrian
intentions regarding Serbia
and,
129-135
invasion of East Prussia,
352—353
military strength of,
25, 47-^48,
404
naval talks with Britain,
72, 74
relations with Vienna,
37, 40
repatriation of funds from
Germany,
178,184-185
response to assassination,
48—49,
55-61
responsibility for First World
War,
287-288, 395-400
role in Balkans,
47
Serbian request for advice/
support,
185—186
strikes,
153,191
Turkey and,
59-61, 388-389
willingness for war,
59-61
See also Nicholas II; Russian
mobilisation; Sazonov, Sergei
Russian mobilisation
acceleration of,
220-221
alleging Austrian mobilisation as
cause of,
282-283
argument over significance of
partial vs. general,
397
British knowledge of,
238-239
expansion of,
246-249, 265
expected speed of,
149
as factor in cause of First World
War,
395-396, 397-398
French knowledge of,
262-263,
264-265
French response to early,
290—296
general,
271-273, 303-304, 305
general, significance of,
400
George V s query regarding,
329-330
German intelligence on,
341
German knowledge of,
220-222
German response to,
214—217,
266-267, 286-290
Germans seeking confirmation of,
306-309
Grey on,
314—315
knowledge of among European
nations,
213-214
Nicholas II and,
256, 258-259, 271,
272, 296-297, 302
partial,
178-182,184-185,190,
192-196, 207-222, 229-230
phases of,
208-209
repeal of orders,
273, 296-297
Sazonov and case for general
mobilisation,
297-302
timetable revealed for Germans,
283
Russkii Invalid (newspaper),
179
Russo-Ottoman
War
(1877-1878), 388
Said
Halim,
Pasha,
354
St Virus s Day (Vidov Dan),
5-6, 12
457
INDEX
Salisbury, Lord,
73
Sanders,
Liman
von, 74, 353.
See also
Liman
von
Sanders affair
San Giuliano,
Antonio,
328
Sazonov, Sergei,
51—53
advice to Serbia,
185-186, 190
anti-ultimatum
ultimatum,
169—170
Austrian ultimatum and,
157—158,
164, 167-168, 176-178, 186-190
blaming Austrian mobilisation for
Russian mobilisation,
282—283
chance meeting with
Pourtalès,
209-210
Council of Ministers and,
182—185
deception to manipulate British
response/policy,
247—248
deniability regarding Russian
mobilisation,
248-249
discussions with allies over
mobilisation,
194—196
fear of British dreadnoughts in
Black Sea,
74-75
February war council and,
59,
60-61
Franco-Russian summit and,
147,
160
French support for plans,
257—258,
259
general mobilisation and,
271-273, 303-304, 305
German ultimatum to stop
Russian mobilisation and,
337-338
German warning against
mobilisation and,
270—271
information on Austrian
intentions regarding Serbia
and,
132-135
informing France regarding
Russian mobilisation,
293-295
issuing warnings to Austria,
168-169
making case for general
mobilisation,
297-302
mediation plans and,
245, 256
meeting with
Szapáry
on Russian
response to ultimatum,
210—214
on offensive against
Constantinople,
389
photograph of,
52
readiness to enact mobilisation
and,
178-182
receipt of German declaration of
war,
346-347
report on meeting with
Szapáry,
219
response to assassination,
55,
56-58
responsibility for First World
War,
395, 396, 397, 398, 399
securing tsar s support for
mobilisation,
258-259
support for military alliance with
France,
54
Schilling,
Moritz F., 157, 395
Austrian ultimatum and,
176
Foreign Ministry diary of,
132,
271, 300-301, 395
on likelihood of war,
178
on meeting between Sazonov and
Paléologue,
257-258
on meeting between Sazonov and
Pourtalès,
270
Russian warning to Austria and,
131-132, 133
on Sazonov s attempt to convince
tsar to mobilise,
300, 301
understanding that mobilisation
meant war,
398
Schlieffen, Alfred
von, 268
Schlieff
en Plan,
317, 401
Schoen,
Willhelm von, 312
British offer of neutrality and,
345
declaration of war on France and,
370
French neutrality and,
333-334
meeting with Viviani on Russian
and German mobilisation,
320-321
relaying threat to invoke
Kriegsgefahr, 268
suggestion that Austria modify its
terms,
227
on Viviani as moderating
influence,
228, 240
Second Balkan War,
25, 84-85
Seeley, John,
70
Serbia
Austrian accusation of guilt in
assassination,
120
Austrian arguments over
annexation of,
140—141
Austrian declaration of war on,
396-397, 400-^01
458
INDEX
Austrian ultimatum,
110—111,
112-113
Austrian ultimatum, delivery of,
172-175
Austrian ultimatum, response to,
197-200, 232-233
Hartwig
and,
49-50
mobilisation,
200-201, 248-249
reaction to Hartwig s death,
118-119
response at Kosovo
Polje
to news
of assassination,
29
request for Russian support and
advice,
185-186
responsibility for First World
War,
390-391
Wilhelm
II and,
84-85
Serbs
anger at annexation of Bosnia-
Herzegovina,
25
Franz Ferdinand and,
3-4
Franz Ferdinand s visit to
Sarajevo and,
5—6
planning assassination of Franz
Ferdinand,
6—13
Shebeko, Nikolai,
125, 129-130,157,
168, 213, 219-220, 245
Simon, John,
359, 360, 363, 364, 365
Smith,
F. E., 331-332
SMS Goeben,
353, 380-381
Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg,
1, 2,
3, 5, 12, 15, 20, 44, 79
Sophie (daughter of Franz
Ferdinand),
2
Souchon,
Wilhelm, 380-381
Spalaiković,
M.,
185-186, 199
Srbobran (newspaper),
6
Steed, Henry Wickham,
357
Stolypin, Peter,
53-54
Stolypin programme,
53
Stumm, Wilhelm von, 90, 91, 255
Stürgkh,
Karl,
31,108, 109,
111,
137,
140
Sukhomlinov, V.
Α.,
300
lies regarding mobilisation,
221,
228
mobilisation orders and,
271, 273,
296, 297
partial mobilisation plan of,
178-179
Period Preparatory to War and,
193, 196, 208
photograph of,
274
plan for war for Ottoman Straits,
60
rejection of Serbian request for
arms,
58—59
Sazonov placing blame for
mobilisation on,
347
on start of war,
404
understanding that mobilisation
meant war,
396, 398
Sultan
Osman Ï,
74^-75, 315-316, 381,
388, 389
Szapáry,
Friedrich,
56, 245
as Austrian representative in
Russia,
130, 132-133
knowledge regarding Russian
mobilisation,
213
meetings with Sazonov,
175, 219
meeting with Sazonov on Russian
response to ultimatum,
210—214
Poincaré
and,
155—156
on Sazonov s rejection of Austrian
terms,
177, 187, 188
Szécsen,
Count,
324-325
SzÖgyény, Ladislaus,
90, 96
Austrian notes on response to
Serbia and,
96-100,102, 104
German support for action against
Serbia and,
114-115, 218
report that Germans want action
against Serbia,
119-120
Taliban,
391
Tankositch,
Voja,
7-8, 106-107, 120,
197,391
Tanneberg,
battle at,
383
Tatistchev (General),
301-302
Three Emperors League,
40
Three-Year Service Law,
64-65, 67
The Times (newspaper),
68, 69, 250,
357
Tirpitz, Alfred
von, 80, 222, 223
on Bethmann,
378
British offer of neutrality and,
343
on declaration of war on France,
351-352
German navy s readiness for war
and,
84
on likely positions of Italy and
Romania,
340
Potsdam meeting and,
274, 275
understanding that mobilisation
meant war,
311
459
INDEX
Tisza,
Stefan
Berchtold s
attempts to break
resistance to war,
115—116
diplomatic notes to Berlin and,
97
dispelling suspicion about
Austrian intentions,
126
Franz Ferdinand and,
386
maintenance of control over
Hungary s nationalities,
45—46
memorandum on expanding
Triple Alliance,
41-^2
mobilisation and,
325
news of Serbian rejection of
ultimatum and,
202
opposition to war with Serbia,
32,
34-35, 105, 107, 108-111,
112-113, 116
peace plan,
95
response to assassination,
28,
31-32, 34-35
responsibility for First World
War,
392
Second Balkan War and,
85
support for war with Serbia,
122-123
war councils and,
108-113, 137,
138-141
Wilhelm
II and,
79
Tolstoy, Ivan, Mayor of
St Petersburg,
153
Transylvania,
138—139
Treaty of Berlin of
1878, 187
Treaty of London of
1867, 357
Trevelyan, G. M.,
365, 369
Triple Alliance,
40-41, 328
Tschirschky, Heinrich von, 30
on Austrian plan to declare war,
230
Bethmann and four-country
mediation,
235—236
blame for war and,
347
Franz Josef and,
37
halt in Belgrade proposal and,
253, 254
instructed to ask Austria to
resume talks with Russia,
281-282
as liaison between Germany
and Austria on action against
Serbia,
114, 115-116, 117,
120-121, 123
Ministerial Council and,
108
relaying news of German support
for action against Serbia,
94
response to assassination,
85—86
support of war against Serbia,
218, 219
ultimatum and,
142—143
Tuchman, Barbara,
43, 398
Turkey,
59-61
alliance with Germany,
353—354
recruitment of as ally,
383
relations with Russia,
59—61,
388-389
Triple Alliance and,
41
Wilhelm
II and,
83-84
See also Ottoman Straits
Tyrrell, William,
329, 330-331, 345
Ujedinjenje ili Smrt.
See Black Hand
United States
Afghanistan War and,
391-392
entry into war,
384
Vareshanin (General),
17
Villain,
Raoul,
322
Viviani,
René, 228
anti-ultimatum ultimatum,
169
attempt to influence Russia,
240
briefing on European events upon
return from summit,
262—263,
264-266
Carnet
В
and,
323
claim of German invasion of
France,
328-329
debate over war and,
375-376
Franco-Russian summit and,
145-146, 151, 153, 154, 160-161,
164, 166
German declaration of war and,
370
meeting with
Schoen
on Russian
and German mobilisation,
320-321
on neutrality of Belgium,
324
notice of and response to Russian
mobilisation,
294-296
notice to Britain of mobilisation
by Germans,
304-305
opinion of Russians,
67—68
order for general mobilisation
and,
334-335
response to German request for
French neutrality,
333-334
460
INDEX
return to France after Franco-
Russian summit,
260—261
Russian mobilisation and,
399
at sea returning from summit,
195,
196, 197
second thoughts on mobilisation,
336-337
Three-Year Service Law and,
Wangenheim., Hans von, 353, 380
War credits, German,
376
Waugh, Evelyn, 364n
Wiesner, Friedrich, 120
Wilhelm
II,
37
alliance talks with Ottoman
Turkey,
353
Franz Ferdinand s funeral and,
42-43, 44-^5
halt in Belgrade proposal and,
254, 256-257
lack of information given to,
223,
224-227, 240
Moltke and,
343, 344
order for general mobilisation
and,
341
order for
Kriegsgefahrzustand,
309-310
Pašić s
reply and,
199
personality of,
80-82
photograph of,
81
pressing for mediation between
Austria and Serbia,
242-244
rebuke of Bethmann,
251, 274
relation with Britain,
82-83
response to assassination,
78—80,
85-86
response to British offer of
neutrality,
343-344, 345
response to learning of secret
Russian mobilisation measures,
285-286, 288, 290
responsibility for First World
War,
393-394
return to Berlin on
27
July,
222,
223
Serbian reply to ultimatum and,
241-244
statesmanship of,
82-86
support for Austrian action
against Serbia,
104-105, 107,
109
Szögyény
and response to
diplomatic notes,
98—100
telegram from George V on
misunderstanding of neutrality
offer,
347-349
telegrams to and from Nicholas II,
147, 255-256, 272-273, 285, 287,
311, 345, 346
understanding of strategic
position
vis à vis
Russia, France
and England,
310-311
Wilson, Henry,
71, 73-74
Witte,
Sergei,
54
The World Crisis (Churchill),
76-77
World War. See First World War
Yanushkevitch, Nedjelko.
general mobilisation and,
271—272,
273, 296
mobilisation and,
178, 179-180,
184,192, 207, 246, 302, 303, 347
mobilisation orders,
258-259
Sazonov and strategy to
convince tsar to order general
mobilisation,
297
understanding that mobilisation
meant war,
396, 398
Yellow Book, 303n
Young Bosnia,
6
Zenker (Captain),
100
Zherajitch,
Bogdan, 17
Zimmermann,
Arthur,
101-102, 104,
107, 114, 393
Zuber,
Terence,
387
Zweig,
Stefan,
23
461
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | McMeekin, Sean 1974- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)131526804 |
| author_facet | McMeekin, Sean 1974- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | McMeekin, Sean 1974- |
| author_variant | s m sm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041258519 |
| classification_rvk | NP 4440 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)852551493 (DE-599)BVBBV041258519 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV041258519 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:43:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026232397 |
| oclc_num | 852551493 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 |
| physical | XVIII, 461 S. Ill., Kt. 24 cm |
| psigel | BSBWK1 |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Icon Books |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | McMeekin, Sean 1974- Verfasser (DE-588)131526804 aut July 1914 countdown to war Sean McMeekin 1. publ. London Icon Books 2013 XVIII, 461 S. Ill., Kt. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier World War, 1914-1918 / Causes Weltkrieg (1914-1918) Kriegsursache (DE-588)4138422-2 gnd rswk-swf Julikrise (DE-588)4162889-5 gnd rswk-swf Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd rswk-swf Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 s Julikrise (DE-588)4162889-5 s Kriegsursache (DE-588)4138422-2 s DE-604 https://www.recensio.net/r/f08d194f4f064651b52005704c42b6ed rezensiert in: Südost-Forschungen, 72 (2013), S. 465-469 Rezension Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026232397&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026232397&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | McMeekin, Sean 1974- July 1914 countdown to war World War, 1914-1918 / Causes Weltkrieg (1914-1918) Kriegsursache (DE-588)4138422-2 gnd Julikrise (DE-588)4162889-5 gnd Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4138422-2 (DE-588)4162889-5 (DE-588)4079163-4 |
| title | July 1914 countdown to war |
| title_auth | July 1914 countdown to war |
| title_exact_search | July 1914 countdown to war |
| title_full | July 1914 countdown to war Sean McMeekin |
| title_fullStr | July 1914 countdown to war Sean McMeekin |
| title_full_unstemmed | July 1914 countdown to war Sean McMeekin |
| title_short | July 1914 |
| title_sort | july 1914 countdown to war |
| title_sub | countdown to war |
| topic | World War, 1914-1918 / Causes Weltkrieg (1914-1918) Kriegsursache (DE-588)4138422-2 gnd Julikrise (DE-588)4162889-5 gnd Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | World War, 1914-1918 / Causes Weltkrieg (1914-1918) Kriegsursache Julikrise Erster Weltkrieg |
| url | https://www.recensio.net/r/f08d194f4f064651b52005704c42b6ed http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026232397&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026232397&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mcmeekinsean july1914countdowntowar |