Konsenzus a kompromis: budování politického systému první Československé republiky 1918 - 1922
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Czech Slovak |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Praha
Historický Ústav
2013
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Práce Historického Ústavu AV ČR
Řada A, Monographia ; 44 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Rezension Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Text teilw. slowak., teilw. tschech. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Consensus and compromise: building of the political system of the First Czechoslovak Republic |
| Beschreibung: | 242 S. |
| ISBN: | 9788072862092 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804150687051808768 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | JOSEF HARNA
Konsenzus a kompromis
Budování politického systému
první Československé republiky
1918-1922
Historický ústav
Praha 2013
Obsah
Předmluva 7
1 Politické strany a stranictví jako prostor pro kompromisy
1 1 Role politických stran v teorii a realita první republiky 13
1 2 Poznámky ke struktuře politického stranictví v první republice 22
2 Poměr sil a charakter kompromisů
2 1 Teorie konsenzu a kompromisu a praxe první republiky 34
2 2 Síla politických stran jako významný faktor koaličních kompromisů 38
2 3 Typy koalic a stabilita vládnutí 41
3 Počátky koaliční spolupráce
3 1 Národní výbor a vznik první koaliční vlády 45
3 2 Kramářova vláda jako výraz všeobecné koaliční dohody 50
4 Rudozelená koalice
4 1 Stabilizující role agrární strany 63
4 2 První Tusarova vláda 72
4 3 Druhá Tusarova vláda 77
5 Návrat k celonárodní koalici
5 1 Epizoda úřednické vlády 85
5 2 Vláda Benešova 99
5 3 Parlamentní Pětka přebírá odpovědnost 106
Závěr: funkční parlamentní systém 112
Přflohy 115
Prameny a literatura 229
Resumé 237
Jmenný rejstřík 241
Resumé
Consensus and
compromise.
Building
of the political system of the First Czechoslovak Republic
The Czechoslovak Republic appeared in the map of Europe as a brand new
state entity in the time of fundamental geopolitical and political transformations
taking place at the end of the First World War. First of all, the new state had to
seek and create forms and mechanisms of its existence and action. In spite of
having emerged amidst a revolutionary process it endeavored from the very be¬
ginning to create a parliament-based political system providing the citizens with
a wide range of democratic rights and freedoms. This has been confirmed in recent
years by a number of studies resulting from erudite historical research. However,
they mostly concentrate on analyzing the problems that the top political bodies
of the arising state had to face and cope with while avoiding the factors that made
it possible for the leading political establishment to overcome the critical moments
of development and maintain the continuity of the democratic system.
Of utmost importance for the constitution and stabilization of parliament
structures was the first five-year period of Czechoslovakia s existence, which was
once referred to by Ferdinand
Peroutka,
a leading Czech journalist and critical
political commentator, as a period of building the state . In those years all the
top policy making institutes were established and also the methods and norms of
action of the most important political subjects had developed that were then used
in the following years. Despite the progressing crisis of European democracy the
Czechoslovak Republic could preserve its character of stable democratic state
throughout the whole interwar period and it eventually succumbed to a brutal
pressure from abroad that concentrated in the Munich Dictate opening the gate
to Nazi Germany s expansion in Central Europe.
The establishment and embodiment of democratic principles of rule in the
First Czechoslovak Republic was enabled by a number of historical and cultural
factors; however, the most important role in that process was played by several
Czech political mass parties that were able upon the collapse of the
Habsburg
Empire to take initiative and create a new state structure in a part of its territory.
It was essential for the future character of the Czechoslovak state that the parties
in question strived from the very beginning for a functional parliamentary system.
Evidence of this is also the speed of creating the substantial attributes of a de-
237
mocratic state:
constitution,
parliament, government, and other control and ad¬
ministrative institutions. As none of the political parties was strong enough to
seize the decisive amount of power it was necessary for the success of their action
to create coalitions representing a sufficient democratic majority. A necessary
condition of this was the need for the parties to push into the background their
narrow particular interests and concentrate on the common interests of society and
of the emerging state. They proved this ability and thus, immediately after the
1918
revolution, it was possible to achieve a relatively well-balanced equilibrium
of the consensus in general questions and the compromise in specific party require¬
ments. An essence of the application of the two principles can be seen in the
government declarations made by each Prime Minister at the National Assembly
plenary session upon the start of work of the new government.
We cannot omit the fact that also a number of specific and sometimes incidental
factors played an important role in seeking the consensus. Apart from the historical
traditions and political culture it was also the role of the original Czech Agrarian
Party that was of utmost importance. Owing to its central position the Party could
collaborate with both the liberal and the socialist streams and became a backbone
of the political system in the new state. Its specific feature consists also in the fact
that the Agrarian Party was able to play the above role in the milieu of a relatively
advanced industrial state. Apart from that, owing to its moderate national attitude it
could also achieve cooperation of a part of the German political spectrum. A weak
point of the system consisted in the Slovakian political Catholicism abandoning
the idea of common state.
During the first years after the
1918
revolution the leading establishment
tested various forms of state administration and was able immediately after the
war to manage both the social upheavals and the tensions inside coalitions. It be¬
came clear that the basis of stability for the political system and the continuity of
ruling was a nation-wide coalition of the largest Czech and/or Czechoslovak parties
whose core had already been formed during the revolution of
1918.
Viewed from
this point the existence of what is known as red-green coalition of socialist parties
and of the Agrarian Party in
1919-1920
appears to be of episodic type. Worth
mentioning is also the position of the parties that for the time being refused to
join the government coalition. These parties, namely the National Democratic Party
and the People s Party, although they disagreed with some partial steps taken by
the two Tusar-led governments, were ready to support the government in the
parliament whenever the legislation needed in the state s common interest was at
stake. These attitudes constituted also the starting point for establishing a temporary
informal body known as The Five that cannot be viewed as an attempt to curb
democracy, but rather as a specific form of representation of the largest parties
intended to restore the nation-wide coalition. One may ask what supported the
238
cohesion of coalitions. Obviously, one of the important factors consisted in the
constant concern of the constitutional parties about the state s position in inter¬
national context. They were also pushed toward a compromise by the existence
of a relatively strong internal opposition represented by the nationalist streams
among national minorities and also by the existence of a comparatively strong
off-system extreme left, namely the large Communist Party.
The maturity of the political system was confirmed in
1922
by the self-
confident start and subsequent action of the sixth Czechoslovak government headed
by the Agrarian leader
Antonín Švehla.
The system stability is also evidenced by
the striking personal continuity in the composition of particular governments. In
conflict situations emerging in the following years of existence of the First Czecho¬
slovak Republic the mechanisms that had proved successful during the first years
of its existence were but repeating.
239
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Harna, Josef 1939-2015 |
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| author_facet | Harna, Josef 1939-2015 |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Harna, Josef 1939-2015 |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041238434 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)859378656 (DE-599)BVBBV041238434 |
| era | Geschichte 1918-1922 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1918-1922 |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV041238434 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:42:53Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788072862092 |
| language | Czech Slovak |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026212668 |
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| physical | 242 S. |
| publishDate | 2013 |
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| series | Práce Historického Ústavu AV ČR |
| series2 | Práce Historického Ústavu AV ČR : Řada A, Monographia |
| spelling | Harna, Josef 1939-2015 Verfasser (DE-588)135571332 aut Konsenzus a kompromis budování politického systému první Československé republiky 1918 - 1922 Josef Harna Praha Historický Ústav 2013 242 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Práce Historického Ústavu AV ČR : Řada A, Monographia 44 Text teilw. slowak., teilw. tschech. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Consensus and compromise: building of the political system of the First Czechoslovak Republic Geschichte 1918-1922 gnd rswk-swf Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd rswk-swf Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 gnd rswk-swf Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 g Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 s Geschichte 1918-1922 z DE-604 Práce Historického Ústavu AV ČR Řada A, Monographia ; 44 (DE-604)BV004856116 44 https://www.recensio.net/r/1a9dc21cb84e4376a352c7e25efe83f9 rezensiert in: Český časopis historický, 2014, 1, S. 168 Rezension HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026212668&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026212668&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Harna, Josef 1939-2015 Konsenzus a kompromis budování politického systému první Československé republiky 1918 - 1922 Práce Historického Ústavu AV ČR Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4078435-6 |
| title | Konsenzus a kompromis budování politického systému první Československé republiky 1918 - 1922 |
| title_auth | Konsenzus a kompromis budování politického systému první Československé republiky 1918 - 1922 |
| title_exact_search | Konsenzus a kompromis budování politického systému první Československé republiky 1918 - 1922 |
| title_full | Konsenzus a kompromis budování politického systému první Československé republiky 1918 - 1922 Josef Harna |
| title_fullStr | Konsenzus a kompromis budování politického systému první Československé republiky 1918 - 1922 Josef Harna |
| title_full_unstemmed | Konsenzus a kompromis budování politického systému první Československé republiky 1918 - 1922 Josef Harna |
| title_short | Konsenzus a kompromis |
| title_sort | konsenzus a kompromis budovani politickeho systemu prvni ceskoslovenske republiky 1918 1922 |
| title_sub | budování politického systému první Československé republiky 1918 - 1922 |
| topic | Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Politik Tschechoslowakei |
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