Atmospheric circulation dynamics and general circulation models:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2014
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Springer praxis books environmental sciences
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXVIII, 730 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 242 mm x 170 mm |
| ISBN: | 9783642135736 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Satoh, Masaki |d 1963- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)129046981 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Atmospheric circulation dynamics and general circulation models |c Masaki Satoh |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2014 | |
| 300 | |a XXVIII, 730 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. |c 242 mm x 170 mm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Springer praxis books environmental sciences | |
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| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a General circulation model |0 (DE-588)4466088-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a General circulation model |0 (DE-588)4466088-1 |D s |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION XV
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION XVI
LIST OF FIGURES XX
LIST OF TABLES XXVIII
PART I PRINCIPLE IDEAS 1
1 BASIC EQUATIONS 4
1.1 DRY AIR 4
1.1.1 EQUATION OF STATE AND THERMODYNAMIC VARIABLES 4
1.1.2 THERMODYNAMIC VARIABLES OF THE IDEAL GAS 8
1.2 CONSERVATION LAWS AND BASIC EQUATIONS 11
1.2.1 CONSERVATION LAW AND CONSERVATION OF MASS 11
1.2.2 CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM 13
1.2.3 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY 15
1.2.4 ENTROPY BALANCE 18
1.2.5 ENTHALPY BALANCE AND BERNOULLI'S THEOREM 19
1.3 ANGULAR MOMENTUM, VORTICITY, AND DIVERGENCE 20
1.3.1 CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM 20
1.3.2 THE CIRCULATION THEOREM 22
1.3.3 VORTICITY EQUATIONS 24
1.3.4 POTENTIAL VORTICITY 26
1.3.5 DIVERGENCE EQUATION 29
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 31
2 BASIC BALANCES AND STABILITY 32
2.1 HYDROSTATIC BALANCE 33
2.2 GEOSTROPHIC BALANCE AND THERMAL WIND BALANCE 36
2.3 STABILITY OF HYDROSTATIC BALANCE 40
2.4 STABILITY OF AXISYMMETRIC FLOWS 43
2.5 BALANCES AND STABILITY OF PARALLEL FLOWS ON THE /-PLANE 52
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 54
3 APPROXIMATIONS OF EQUATIONS 55
3.1 BOUSSINESQ APPROXIMATION 56
3.2 QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC APPROXIMATION 59
3.2.1 SCALING 59
V
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1002540070
IMAGE 2
VI CONTENTS
3.2.2 SYNOPTIC-SCALE QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC EQUATIONS 60
3.2.3 PLANETARY-SCALE QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC EQUATIONS 64
3.3 PRIMITIVE EQUATIONS 65
3.3.1 THE EQUATIONS IN SPHERICAL COORDINATES 65
3.3.2 TRANSFORMATION OF THE VERTICAL COORDINATE 67.
3.3.3 PRESSURE COORDINATES 70
3.3.4 SIGMA COORDINATES 71
3.3.5 ISENTROPIC COORDINATES 73
3.4 SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS 76
3.5 APPENDIX: DERIVATION OF A GENERALIZED PRESSURE GRADIENT 78
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 79
4 WAVES 80
4.1 WAVE THEORY 80
4.2 SOUND WAVES 84
4.3 GRAVITY WAVES 87
4.3.1 DISPERSION RELATION 87
4.3.2 GRAVITY WAVES IN THE HYDROSTATIC BOUSSINESQ APPROXIMATION 90 4.3.3
GROUP VELOCITY AND PHASE SPEED 92
4.3.4 THE STRUCTURE OF GRAVITY WAVES 93
4.4 INERTIAL WAVES 96
4.5 INERTIO-GRAVITY WAVES 97
4.5.1 DISPERSION RELATION 97
4.5.2 INERTIO-GRAVITY WAVES IN THE HYDROSTATIC BOUSSINESQ APPROXIMATION
101
4.5.3 GROUP VELOCITY AND PHASE SPEED 103
4.5.4 STRUCTURE OF INERTIO-GRAVITY WAVES 104
4.6 ROSSBY WAVES 107
4.6.1 TWO-DIMENSIONAL ROSSBY WAVES 108
4.6.2 ROSSBY WAVES IN A STRATIFIED FLUID 113
4.6.3 PROPAGATION OF ROSSBY WAVES 116
4.7 WAVES ON A SPHERE 118
4.7.1 SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS AND THE EQUATION OF VERTICAL STRUCTURE 118
4.7.2 SPHERICAL WAVES 121
4.7.3 EQUATORIAL WAVES 127
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 132
5 INSTABILITY 133
5.1 LINEAR STABILITY ANALYSIS 133
5.2 CONVECTIVE INSTABILITY 135
5.2.1 RAYLEIGH-BENARD CONVECTION 136
5.2.2 CONVECTIVE INSTABILITY IN A ROTATING FRAME 142
5.3 INERTIAL INSTABILITY 145
5.4 BAROTROPIC INSTABILITY 146
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS VII
5.4.1 FORMULATION 147
5.4.2 INTEGRAL THEOREMS 148
5.4.3 INSTABILITY OF THE FLOW U = TANH Y 150
5.4.4 INTERPRETATION OF BAROTROPIC INSTABILITY 151
5.5 BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY 153
5.5.1 EADY PROBLEM 154
5.5.2 CHARNEY PROBLEM 167
5.5.3 ENERGETICS 174
5.5.4 NECESSARY CONDITION FOR INSTABILITY 175
5.5.5 INTERPRETATION OF BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY 182
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 183
6 FORCED MOTIONS 185
6.1 GEOSTROPHIC ADJUSTMENT 185
6.2 FORCED MOTIONS ON THE /-PLANE .* 190
6.3 AXISYMMETRIC FLOWS 195
6.4 FORCED MOTIONS ON THE /3-PLANE 198
6.5 FORCED MOTIONS ON THE EQUATORIAL /3-PLANE 199
6.6 EKMAN TRANSPORT 201
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 206
7 EDDY TRANSPORT 207
7.1 TRANSPORT DUE TO FINITE AMPLITUDE WAVES 207
7.1.1 GENERALIZED LAGRANGIAN MEAN 207
7.1.2 EXAMPLES OF FINITE AMPLITUDE WAVES 209
7.2 DIFFUSION IN THE MERIDIONAL SECTION 216
7.2.1 GOVERNING EQUATIONS AND THE EULERIAN MEAN 216
7.2.2 TRACER TRANSPORT 217
7.3 RESIDUAL CIRCULATION 221
7.4 TRANSFORMED EULERIAN MEAN EQUATIONS 224
7.4.1 GENERALIZED TRANSFORMED EULERIAN MEAN EQUATIONS 224
7.4.2 QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC TEM EQUATIONS 227
7.5 EULERIAN MEAN EQUATIONS IN ISENTROPIC COORDINATES 230
7.6 APPENDIX: DERIVATION OF THE GENERALIZED ELIASSEN-PALM RELATION . .
233 REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 235
8 THERMODYNAMICS OF MOIST AIR 236
8.1 FORMULATION . 236
8.1.1 DEFINITION OF MOIST AIR 236
8.1.2 BASIC THERMODYNAMIC EQUATIONS 237
8.1.3 THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS OF A SINGLE COMPONENT 240
8.1.4 MIXING OF IDEAL GASES 241
8.1.5 THERMODYNAMIC VARIABLES OF LIQUID PHASE 244
8.1.6 THERMODYNAMIC VARIABLES OF MOIST AIR 247
8.1.7 MOIST ADIABAT 249
IMAGE 4
VIII CONTENTS
8.2 EXPRESSIONS OF THERMODYNAMIC VARIABLES 252
8.2.1 CONSTANTS 252
8.2.2 MASS CONCENTRATIONS AND SATURATION CONDITION 254
8.2.3 THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS 256
8.2.4 MOIST ADIABAT 258
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 261
9 BASIC EQUATIONS OF MOIST AIR 262
9.1 CONSERVATION OF MASS VARIABLES 262
9.2 RAIN PROCESS 265
9.3 CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM 267
9.4 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY AND ENTROPY 268
9.5 TRANSPORT PROCESS 270
9.6 APPROXIMATE EQUATIONS OF MOIST AIR 272
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 274
10 RADIATION PROCESS 276
10.1 BLACKBODY RADIATION 276
10.2 SOLAR RADIATION AND PLANETARY RADIATION 278
10.3 ABSORPTION BANDS 278
10.4 RADIATIVE TRANSFER EQUATION 280
10.5 INFRARED RADIATION IN A PLANE-PARALLEL ATMOSPHERE 283
10.6 GRAY RADIATION 286
10.7 RADIATIVE TRANSFER EQUATION OF SOLAR RADIATION 288
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 292
11 TURBULENCE 293
11.1 SIMILARITY THEORY 293
11.1.1 THREE-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE 293
11.1.2 TWO-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE 295
11.1.3 TRACER SPECTRUM 299
11.2 TURBULENCE MODELS 302
11.2.1 BASIC EQUATIONS 302
11.2.2 EDDY DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS AND TURBULENCE MODELS 304
11.2.3 THE MELLOR AND YAMADA MODEL 307
11.3 BOUNDARY LAYER 310
11.3.1 STRUCTURE OF THE PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER 310
11.3.2 SURFACE LAYER 311
11.3.3 BULK METHOD 312
11.3.4 BOUNDARY LAYER MODELS 314
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 321
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS IX
PART II ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURES 323
12 GLOBAL ENERGY BUDGET 326
12.1 ENERGY BUDGET 326
12.1.1 EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE AND GLOBAL RADIATIVE EQUILIBRIUM . . . 326
12.1.2 ENERGY CONVERSION 329
12.1.3 TOTAL POTENTIAL ENERGY 334
12.1.4 AVAILABLE POTENTIAL ENERGY 338
12.2 ENERGY BUDGET OF A MOIST ATMOSPHERE 340
12.3 ENTROPY BUDGET AND THERMAL EFFICIENCY 342
12.4 SIMILARITY THEORY OF GENERAL CIRCULATION 346
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 350
13 LATITUDINAL ENERGY BALANCE 353
13.1 ENERGY BALANCE MODEL 353
13.2 LATITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION OF RADIATIVE BALANCE 355
13.3 LATITUDINAL TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE 359
13.4 ICE ALBEDO FEEDBACK 362
13.5 WATER BUDGET 366
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 368
14 VERTICAL STRUCTURE 370
14.1 VERTICALLY ONE-DIMENSIONAL ENERGY BALANCE 371
14.2 GREENHOUSE EFFECT 373
14.3 RADIATIVE EQUILIBRIUM 374
14.3.1 GRAY RADIATIVE EQUILIBRIUM 374
14.3.2 STATIC STABILITY OF GRAY RADIATIVE EQUILIBRIUM 378
14.3.3 APPROXIMATIONS OF RADIATIVE TRANSFER 379
14.4 RADIATIVE-CONVECTIVE EQUILIBRIUM 381
14.4.1 MIXING LENGTH THEORY 382
14.4.2 CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT 385
14.5 RADIATIVE-CONVECTIVE EQUILIBRIUM IN A MOIST ATMOSPHERE 388
14.5.1 ENERGY BALANCE 388
14.5.2 CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT 389
14.6 RUNAWAY GREENHOUSE EFFECT 391
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 393
15 MOIST CONVECTION 395
15.1 CIRCULATION STRUCTURES OF CONVECTION 396
15.2 STATIC STABILITY OF A MOIST ATMOSPHERE 401
15.2.1 CONDITIONAL INSTABILITY 401
15.2.2 CONVECTIVE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL ENERGY: CAPE 402
15.2.3 SATURATION CONDITION IN THE DIRECTION OF VERTICAL MOTION . . .
404 15.3 CIRCULATION STRUCTURE OF MOIST CONVECTION 406
15.3.1 THERMAL STRUCTURE 406
IMAGE 6
X CONTENTS
15.3.2 MASS FLUX 411
15.3.3 IMPLICATIONS FOR IMPROVED CUMULUS MODELS 413
15.4 MIXED LAYER 414
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 418
16 LOW-LATITUDE CIRCULATIONS 420
16.1 DYNAMICS OF WALKER CIRCULATION 421
16.1.1 LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION AS ORGANIZED MOIST CONVECTION . 421
16.1.2 LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION IN A NONROTATING FRAME 424
16.2 DYNAMICS OF HADLEY CIRCULATION 426
16.2.1 CYCLOSTROPHIC BALANCE 427
16.2.2 LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION IN A ROTATING SYSTEM 428
16.2.3 THE HELD AND HOU MODEL 434
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 439
17 CIRCULATIONS ON A SPHERE 441
17.1 SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS ON A SPHERE 442
17.2 THE HADLEY CELL MODEL 445
17.3 MIDLATITUDE CIRCULATIONS 450
17.3.1 MOMENTUM BALANCE OF BAROTROPIC FLOW 451
17.3.2 WEAK NONLINEAR THEORY OF ROSSBY WAVES 453
17.3.3 PROPAGATION OF ROSSBY WAVES: WKBJ THEORY 455
17.3.4 LATITUDINAL PROPAGATION OF ROSSBY WAVES 458
17.3.5 ANGULAR MOMENTUM CHANGE 460
17.3.6 BAROTROPIC INSTABILITY 461
17.4 TURBULENCE ON A SPHERE 463
17.4.1 TURBULENCE ON A /3-PLANE 463
17.4.2 TWO-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE ON A SPHERE 467
17.5 APPENDIX: EXPRESSIONS OF FRICTION TERMS ON A SPHERE 470
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 472
18 MIDLATITUDE CIRCULATIONS 474
18.1 MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION 474
18.1.1 EULERIAN MEAN CIRCULATION 474
18.1.2 ANGULAR MOMENTUM BALANCE BETWEEN THE HADLEY CELL AND THE FERREL
CELL 477
18.1.3 TRANSFORMED EULERIAN MEAN CIRCULATION 481
18.1.4 ISENTROPIC MEAN CIRCULATION 483
18.2 MERIDIONAL THERMAL STRUCTURE 488
18.2.1 STABILITY OF A ZONAL SYMMETRIC STATE 488
18.2.2 BAROCLINIC ADJUSTMENT 490
18.2.3 TROPOPAUSE HEIGHT 492
18.3 LIFE CYCLE EXPERIMENTS OF EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES 495
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 503
IMAGE 7
CONTENTS XI
19 GLOBAL MIXING 505
19.1 POTENTIAL VORTICITY AND POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 505
19.2 LAGRANGIAN CIRCULATION 508
19.3 STRATOSPHERE TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE 511
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 514
PART III GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELING 516
20 BASIC EQUATIONS OF HYDROSTATIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS 519
20.1 OVERVIEW 519
20.2 BASIC EQUATIONS 521
20.2.1 PRIMITIVE EQUATIONS 521
20.2.2 ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF THE EQUATIONS OF MOTION 523
20.2.3 THE EQUATION FOR SIGMA VELOCITY 524
20.2.4 THE THERMODYNAMIC EQUATION 525
20.2.5 VORTICITY AND DIVERGENCE EQUATIONS 526
20.2.6 THE MOISTURE EQUATION 528
20.2.7 SUMMARY OF GOVERNING EQUATIONS 528
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 529
21 SPECTRAL METHOD ON A SPHERE 531
21.1 THE SPECTRUM METHOD 531
21.2 SPECTRAL EXPANSION ON A SPHERE 533
21.2.1 SPHERICAL HARMONICS 533
21.2.2 SPECTRAL EXPANSION BY SPHERICAL HARMONICS 537
21.2.3 TRUNCATION OF SPECTRAL EXPANSION 538
21.3 QUADRATURE ON A SPHERE 540
21.3.1 GAUSS-LEGENDRE METHOD 540
21.3.2 GAUSS TRAPEZOIDAL QUADRATURE 543
21.4 SPECTRAL INTEGRATION METHOD 544
21.4.1 NONDIVERGENT BAROTROPIC EQUATION 544
21.4.2 INTERACTION COEFFICIENTS METHOD 546
21.4.3 TRANSFORM METHOD 546
21.4.4 PROCEDURE OF THE TRANSFORM METHOD 549
21.4.5 GRID NUMBER OF PENTAGONAL TRUNCATION 551
21.4.6 ALIASING 553
21.5 CONSERVATION LAWS OF THE NONDIVERGENT BAROTROPIC EQUATION 553
21.5.1 VORTICITY 554
21.5.2 ANGULAR MOMENTUM 554
21.5.3 KINETIC ENERGY 556
21.5.4 ENSTROPHY 557
21.6 SHALLOW-WATER SPECTRAL MODEL 558
21.7 PRIMITIVE EQUATION SPECTRAL MODEL 561
21.7.1 EQUATIONS OF SPECTRAL MODELS 561
IMAGE 8
XII CONTENTS
21.7.2 HORIZONTAL DIFFUSION AND CONSERVATION 563
21.8 APPENDIX A: ASSOCIATED LEGENDRE FUNCTIONS 564
21.9 APPENDIX B: GAUSSIAN WEIGHTS 568
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 571
22 VERTICAL DISCRETIZATION OF HYDROSTATIC MODELS 572
22.1 CONSERVATION OF PRIMITIVE EQUATIONS 572
22.1.1 CONSERVATION OF MASS 573
22.1.2 CONSTRAINT ON THE VERTICAL INTEGRAL OF PRESSURE GRADIENT . . .
574 22.1.3 CONSERVATION OF TOTAL ENERGY 574
22.1.4 CONSERVATION OF POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 576
22.2 CONSERVATION OF VERTICALLY DISCRETIZED EQUATIONS 577
22.2.1 CONSERVATION OF MASS 577
22.2.2 TRANSFORMATION TO THE FLUX FORM 579
22.2.3 CONSTRAINT ON THE VERTICAL INTEGRAL OF THE PRESSURE GRADIENT .
581 22.2.4 HYDROSTATIC BALANCE 583
22.2.5 THE THERMODYNAMIC EQUATION 588
22.3 SUMMARY 589
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 591
23 TIME INTEGRATION METHODS OF THE SPECTRAL MODEL 592
23.1 TIME INTEGRATION SCHEME AND STABILITY 592
23.1.1 WAVE EQUATION 593
23.1.2 DAMPING EQUATION 595
23.1.3 TIME FILTER 596
23.2 THE SEMI-IMPLICIT SCHEME 596
23.2.1 STABILITY ANALYSIS 597
23.2.2 THE SHALLOW-WATER MODEL 598
23.3 THE SEMI-IMPLICIT METHOD FOR THE PRIMITIVE EQUATION MODEL 600
23.3.1 INTRODUCTION OF THE SEMI-IMPLICIT SCHEME 600
23.3.2 MATRIX EXPRESSION OF VERTICAL DISCRETIZATION 602
23.3.3 A METHOD FOR SOLVING THE SEMI-IMPLICIT SCHEME 604
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 607
24 NONHYDROSTATIC MODELING 608
24.1 INTRODUCTION 608
24.2 TARGET OF THIS NONHYDROSTATIC SCHEME 610
24.3 NUMERICAL SCHEME 612
24.3.1 THE BASIC EQUATIONS 612
24.3.2 THE PRESSURE EQUATION 613
24.3.3 TIME DISCRETIZATION 614
24.3.4 STABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLICIT SCHEME 618
24.3.5 TERRAIN-FOLLOWING COORDINATE 621
24.4 ENERGY BUDGET 623
24.4.1 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY 623
IMAGE 9
CONTENTS XIII
24.4.2 INTEGRATION OF TOTAL ENERGY 624
24.4.3 INTEGRATION OF ENTROPY 625
24.5 SOME RESULTS WITH THE NONHYDROSTATIC MODEL 626
24.5.1 MODEL 626
24.5.2 ONE-DIMENSIONAL VERTICAL PROPAGATION OF SOUND WAVES . 627
24.5.3 HORIZONTAL PROPAGATION OF GRAVITY WAVES 627
24.5.4 TOPOGRAPHIC WAVES 630
24.5.5 COLD-BUBBLE SIMULATION 631
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 633
25 ICOSAHEDRAL GRIDS 636
25.1 INTRODUCTION 637
25.2 ICOSAHEDRAL GRIDS 640
25.3 NUMERICAL DISCRETIZATION 643
25.4 GRID MODIFICATION 644
25.5 SPHERICAL SHALLOW-WATER MODEL 650
25.6 NUMERICAL RESULTS 651
25.6.1 TEST CASE 2: GLOBAL STEADY STATE NONLINEAR ZONAL GEOSTROPHIC FLOW
652
25.6.2 TEST CASE 5: ZONAL FLOW OVER AN ISOLATED MOUNTAIN 654
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 656
26 GLOBAL NONHYDROSTATIC MODELS 661
26.1 INTRODUCTION 662
26.2 THE BASIC EQUATIONS 664
26.2.1 OPERATOR NOTATION 664
26.2.2 CONTINUITY EQUATIONS 666
26.2.3 MOMENTUM EQUATION 667
26.2.4 ENERGY EQUATION 668
26.2.5 THE CONSERVATION OF TOTAL ENERGY 670
26.2.6 SUMMARY OF THE GOVERNING EQUATIONS 671
26.3 GOVERNING EQUATIONS 671
26.4 NUMERICAL METHODS 674
26.4.1 OVERVIEW OF NUMERICAL METHODS 674
26.4.2 ICOSAHEDRAL DISCRETIZATION 676
26.4.3 TIME INTEGRATION SCHEME 676
26.4.4 NUMERICAL FILTERS 679
26.4.5 CONSISTENCY WITH CONTINUITY 680
26.5 NUMERICAL RESULTS 680
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 683
27 STANDARD EXPERIMENTS OF ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS 689
27.1 LIFE CYCLE OF EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES EXPERIMENT 690
27.2 HELD AND SUAREZ EXPERIMENT 693
27.3 AQUAPLANET EXPERIMENT 697
IMAGE 10
XIV CONTENTS
27.4 ATMOSPHERIC MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT (AMIP) 700
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 701
APPENDIX AL: TRANSFORMATION OF COORDINATES 703
AL.L GENERAL TRANSFORMATION FORMULAS 703
A 1.2 TRANSFORMATION OF ORTHOGONAL COORDINATES 706
A1.3 BASIC EQUATIONS IN ORTHOGONAL COORDINATES 710
A1.4 CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES 711
A1.5 SPHERICAL COORDINATES 714
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING 718
APPENDIX A2: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS 719
APPENDIX A3: MERIDIONAL STRUCTURE 721
INDEX 726 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Satoh, Masaki 1963- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)129046981 |
| author_facet | Satoh, Masaki 1963- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Satoh, Masaki 1963- |
| author_variant | m s ms |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041236066 |
| classification_rvk | RB 10429 RB 10435 UT 6000 UT 6100 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)857636926 (DE-599)DNB1002540070 |
| dewey-full | 551.5170113 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 551 - Geology, hydrology, meteorology |
| dewey-raw | 551.5170113 |
| dewey-search | 551.5170113 |
| dewey-sort | 3551.5170113 |
| dewey-tens | 550 - Earth sciences |
| discipline | Geologie / Paläontologie Physik Geographie |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV041236066 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-03T00:53:12Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783642135736 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026210338 |
| oclc_num | 857636926 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-703 |
| physical | XXVIII, 730 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 242 mm x 170 mm |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Springer praxis books environmental sciences |
| spelling | Satoh, Masaki 1963- Verfasser (DE-588)129046981 aut Atmospheric circulation dynamics and general circulation models Masaki Satoh 2. ed. Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2014 XXVIII, 730 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 242 mm x 170 mm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Springer praxis books environmental sciences Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd rswk-swf General circulation model (DE-588)4466088-1 gnd rswk-swf Strömungsmechanik (DE-588)4077970-1 gnd rswk-swf Allgemeine atmosphärische Zirkulation (DE-588)4202863-2 gnd rswk-swf General circulation model (DE-588)4466088-1 s Allgemeine atmosphärische Zirkulation (DE-588)4202863-2 s DE-604 Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 s Strömungsmechanik (DE-588)4077970-1 s Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-642-13574-3 text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3476716&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026210338&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Satoh, Masaki 1963- Atmospheric circulation dynamics and general circulation models Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd General circulation model (DE-588)4466088-1 gnd Strömungsmechanik (DE-588)4077970-1 gnd Allgemeine atmosphärische Zirkulation (DE-588)4202863-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003397-1 (DE-588)4466088-1 (DE-588)4077970-1 (DE-588)4202863-2 |
| title | Atmospheric circulation dynamics and general circulation models |
| title_auth | Atmospheric circulation dynamics and general circulation models |
| title_exact_search | Atmospheric circulation dynamics and general circulation models |
| title_full | Atmospheric circulation dynamics and general circulation models Masaki Satoh |
| title_fullStr | Atmospheric circulation dynamics and general circulation models Masaki Satoh |
| title_full_unstemmed | Atmospheric circulation dynamics and general circulation models Masaki Satoh |
| title_short | Atmospheric circulation dynamics and general circulation models |
| title_sort | atmospheric circulation dynamics and general circulation models |
| topic | Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd General circulation model (DE-588)4466088-1 gnd Strömungsmechanik (DE-588)4077970-1 gnd Allgemeine atmosphärische Zirkulation (DE-588)4202863-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Atmosphäre General circulation model Strömungsmechanik Allgemeine atmosphärische Zirkulation |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3476716&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026210338&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT satohmasaki atmosphericcirculationdynamicsandgeneralcirculationmodels |