Muzealnicy i kolekcjonerzy: zbiory rodziny Tyszkiewiczów i ich rola w zaborze rosyjskim
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Wrocław
Wrocławskie Towarzystwo Naukowe - Wydawnictwo
2013
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 298, [2] s. il. 21 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788373740853 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV041197224 | ||
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| 008 | 130731s2013 |||| |||| 00||| pol d | ||
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| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV041197224 | ||
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| 041 | 0 | |a pol | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Narkowicz, Liliana |d 1961- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)13338859X |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Muzealnicy i kolekcjonerzy |b zbiory rodziny Tyszkiewiczów i ich rola w zaborze rosyjskim |c Liliana Narkowicz |
| 264 | 1 | |a Wrocław |b Wrocławskie Towarzystwo Naukowe - Wydawnictwo |c 2013 | |
| 300 | |a 298, [2] s. |b il. |c 21 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache | ||
| 600 | 3 | 7 | |a Tyszkiewicz |c Familie |d 1437- |0 (DE-588)135657008 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Tyszkiewicz |c Familie |d 1437- |0 (DE-588)135657008 |D p |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026172179&sequence=000007&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804150621648977920 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
Rola zbiorów, bibliotek, archiwów i placówek muzealnych w zaborze
rosyjskim
..................................................3
Dwory, pałace i ich mieszkańcy na ziemiach dawnych Kresów
.......17
Właściciele kolekcji dworskich na Litwie
..........................33
Uczeni i zbieracze rodem z Łohojska
.............................44
Zbiory ordynacji birżańskiej i ich właściciele. Utrata Berdyczowa
.....62
Wołożyńskie gniazdo Tyszkiewiczów
.............................96
Rezydencja na Wace
..........................................108
Ostatni wielki polski magnat na Litwie i jego Kretynga
............123
Antykwarysta i właściciel białych kruków z Landwarowa
...........148
W Zatroczu nad jeziorem Galwe
................................163
Pan na Kojranach i jego mecenat nad Wilią
......................174
Połąga za Tyszkiewiczów
......................................194
Zbiory Tyszkiewiczów na Czerwonym Dworze
....................218
Związki rodu Tyszkiewiczów z Europą Zachodnią
.................239
Zakończenie. Tyszkiewiczowie jako ród
..........................247
Podsumowanie
..............................................259
Summary
...................................................263
Źródła archiwalne i czasopiśmiennicze
.........................266
Przypisy
...................................................268
Indeks osób
................................................283
Indeks miejscowości
..........................................295
SUMMARY
The setting up of museums, libraries, galleries and archives became widespread in Eu¬
rope at the time of the Reformation, contributing to the formation of humanists as a new so¬
cial class. Archives, collections of books and curios were seen as places for acquiring and wid¬
ening knowledge. Private exchanges between collectors, owners and enthusiasts of various
types led to the need for organisation of public auctions. At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries,
at auctions held abroad (in Venice, Paris, Rome) interested persons came together, including
those from the former territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Such initiatives
were not always motivated by curiosity, with the object of gaining education and knowledge.
In some cases the motives were pride and the desire for status and wealth.
The partitions, of Poland carried out by Russia, Prussia and Austria in the period from
1772-1795
led to Polish citizens loss of their national identity. Especially severe suppression
of local culture and languages was imposedd by Imperial Russia on the area of North-East
Poland, including the regions of Grodno, Minsk and Vilnius. The severe regime and forced
russification
were intensified even more after the uprisings of
1830-31
and
1863-64
and the
granting of ownership rights to peasants in the Russian Sector
(1861).
The noble families
which, in previous times, had exercised great influence over the way of life in the Republic
and in the Great Duchy of Lithuania, were excluded from national politics and administra¬
tion in which only persons of Russian nationality could take part. Ruled by a foreign regime,
suffering deprivation of nationality, confiscations and forced sales of ancestral estates, Poles
were obliged to act illegally in order to safeguard family estates, prevent the dispersal of pri¬
vate collections or of national and historical treasures. They were also fighting the threat of
loss of national identity.
The establishment of non-Russian cultural and scientific institutions was also restricted
at this time. Defeat of the uprisings led to emigration and exile, while the suppression of cen¬
tres and institutes of learning caused an exodus of the best academics. Following the closure
of Vilnius University
(1832)
for half a century the only scientific body in the town on the riv¬
er
Wilia
was the Imperial Medical Association
(1805-1915),
which however had limited scope
for action because of its specific scientific field. The museum existing alongside it in fact con¬
tained exhibits partly on natural history and partly anatomical, while the library was high¬
ly specialised. It is no surprise that, having lost independence, Polish and Lithuanian society
sought comfort in mementos and in patriotic memoirs
,
in an attempt to recreate the former
glory of the non-existant nation. Interest in antiquity and in archaeological discoveries in
Europe inspired similar researches also in Vilnius and surroundings. Amateur consideration
of past national events needed to be based on facts. This situation gave rise to a need for ar¬
chaeologists, ethnographers and historians. Since the authorities at that time did not allow
Poles to establish academic bodies, it was decided to create a museum and library as back¬
ground support for active educators. Furthermore it was decided not only to make the mu¬
seum exhibits accessible to a wider public but also to open a reading room and to promote
263
the publication of periodicals in the Polish language. Count
Eustachy
(Eustace) Tyszkiewicz
of the
Łohojsk
branch, a Vilnius devotee of antiquity
,
collector of songs, of folk tales and of
historical memories
,
with help from relatives, friends and acquaintances from aristocratic
circles, in
1855
established the Museum of Antiquity and the Archaeological Committee in
Vilnius, housed within the walls (initially in one of the larger rooms) of the old university.
Although the Founder did not have a university degree, he was the author of essays and
academic papers and had carried out archaeological digs in Scandinavia. Even though not
possessing any high academic distinction, he was confirmed by the authorities of the time
as President of the Museum and of the Committee, on the strength of his position in society,
his estates, his knowledge of the Russian language, his academic contacts in St. Petersburg
(with libraries, archives, academic bodies) as well as his loyalty to the throne and to the gov¬
ernment of the Tsar.
Tyszkiewicz s main purpose was to bring together the scattered group of Vilnius aca¬
demics. In a short time at the Museum of Antiquity and at the Archaeological Committee
a collection of several thousand books was put together. In
1865
it numbered
19.700
vol¬
umes, based on the private collections of the President himself. The following museum sec¬
tions were also organised: numismatics, archaeology, prints and lithographs, archival manu¬
scripts, sculptures, paintings and historical mementos. The museum enjoyed popularity and
received an average of
9.000
visitors per year, out of a total of
60.000
inhabitants. It was
open to visitors twice per week including on Sundays.
This institution had been active for barely ten years when it was shut by order of Tsar
Alexander II and his clique, who viewed its activities as promoting an unhealthy re-birth of
Polish patriotism. However this enterprise had a timeless dimension since the collected ar¬
chive, library and museum items were of service to society. Following closure of this institu¬
tion the inhabitants of Vilnius were deprived of their only non-Russian public place of learn¬
ing. In fact the Museum of Antiquity was the first freely accessible museum established on
the territory of today s Lithuania. At the time of the Russian partition, educated and think¬
ing non-Russian elites, deprived of their former rights and positions, were perfectly aware
that it is not enough to resurrect the nation, but to make it durable, it must have foundations.
These could be created by bringing-up young people to honour the past history of na¬
tions, knowing their own country s history, respecting the virtues of distinguished individu¬
als and following their example. Custodians were frequently employed in palaces, mansions
and residences where collecting all types of mementos of the past was a popular activity.
The dissemination of private collections
,
including family, national and historical me¬
mentos had great and significant meaning for the average citizen of an occupied country. In
practice, in every mansion or palace there were some mementos or collections. Collecting,
observing showing and discussing historical mementos or acquisitions belonged to the life¬
style of the higher ranks. The partitions severely clipped the wings of the landowning aristoc¬
racy, but following closure of the Museum of Antiquity and of the Archaeological Committee,
in their own way they continued the task of making books, academic materials and muse¬
um items available to the public. In
1906,
at the initiative of the Tyszkiewiczes, the Associa¬
tion of the Museum of Learning and Art was created
,
situated at the junction of the former
Katedralna
and Nadbrzeznia streets, in the building of the Birze Tyszkiewicz entail. Collec¬
tors never were, nor ever will be equal to each other. Yet it is their collections which usually
sow the seeds from which public museums grow. The seeds of the Museum of Antiquity were
the numerous collections of the Founder and President himself
-
Eustachy
(Eustace) Tyszk¬
iewicz. The Museum of Learning and Art
,
established by a general assembly of the Tyszkie¬
wiczes and operating in Vilnius until
1914,
was largely created on the basis of exhibits donat¬
ed or left on deposit by the Tyszkiewicz family. In
1907,
for example, it counted
1634
items.
264
In the years
1907 - 1918,
the Tyszkiewiczes were also active in the Association of Friends of
Learning in Vilnius, in the role of ordinary or life members, donors and supporters. It must
be mentioned, however, that in all those institutions and in their associated museums, there
were people of nationalities other than Polish, though the percentage was low.
The above mentioned museums set academic objectives for themselves (collecting, cat¬
aloguing, describing) but their creators aimed also at gathering family and national memen¬
tos and preserving them in one place, for future generations. In the so-called Western Coun¬
try of Russia , this was a very meaningful social initiative of the higher social ranks on behalf
of the public in general. Since historical events had dispersed the local intelligentsia, at that
time, great importance was attached to the ownership of private collections and to the activ¬
ities of museums.
Public museums as opposed to private ones, are not destined to make profits. Acting
on behalf of society, they provide impressions, widen our knowledge and educate. Although
they arise on the basis of private collections, most often they outlive their creators. Private
collections which are not bequeathed by collectors or by their heirs to institutions, if they do
not cease to exist on expiry of their owners, after their death they become dispersed. In the
case of the Tyszkiewiczes in the territory of today s Lithuania, individual items which were
once kept in their private palace collections, today are found not only in Poland and Lithua¬
nia but also in national collections in England, France, Germany, Russia and Sweden among
others.
Public museums were established in Vilnius before the First World War by the Tyszkie¬
wiczes as competent, distinguished and publicly respected people. Their origins and posses¬
sions placed them at the highest level on the social ladder. The museums they created were
not state-financed nor designed for profit. Operating within the walls of the Vilnius Museum,
shut down by the Tsarist Russian authorities and in the private Tyszkiewicz palace, they re¬
ally did fulfil the role of academic institutions based on the humanities. They helped to main¬
tain the level of intellectual life in Vilnius
,
they strengthened the influence of Polish aristo¬
cratic culture and served to deepen national awareness
.
But above all, in their time, they
constituted an important centre of learning in Eastern Europe.
Translated by
Zygmunt
Tyszkiewicz (Cambridge)
|
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| spelling | Narkowicz, Liliana 1961- Verfasser (DE-588)13338859X aut Muzealnicy i kolekcjonerzy zbiory rodziny Tyszkiewiczów i ich rola w zaborze rosyjskim Liliana Narkowicz Wrocław Wrocławskie Towarzystwo Naukowe - Wydawnictwo 2013 298, [2] s. il. 21 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Tyszkiewicz Familie 1437- (DE-588)135657008 gnd rswk-swf Tyszkiewicz Familie 1437- (DE-588)135657008 p DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026172179&sequence=000006&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026172179&sequence=000007&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Narkowicz, Liliana 1961- Muzealnicy i kolekcjonerzy zbiory rodziny Tyszkiewiczów i ich rola w zaborze rosyjskim Tyszkiewicz Familie 1437- (DE-588)135657008 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)135657008 |
| title | Muzealnicy i kolekcjonerzy zbiory rodziny Tyszkiewiczów i ich rola w zaborze rosyjskim |
| title_auth | Muzealnicy i kolekcjonerzy zbiory rodziny Tyszkiewiczów i ich rola w zaborze rosyjskim |
| title_exact_search | Muzealnicy i kolekcjonerzy zbiory rodziny Tyszkiewiczów i ich rola w zaborze rosyjskim |
| title_full | Muzealnicy i kolekcjonerzy zbiory rodziny Tyszkiewiczów i ich rola w zaborze rosyjskim Liliana Narkowicz |
| title_fullStr | Muzealnicy i kolekcjonerzy zbiory rodziny Tyszkiewiczów i ich rola w zaborze rosyjskim Liliana Narkowicz |
| title_full_unstemmed | Muzealnicy i kolekcjonerzy zbiory rodziny Tyszkiewiczów i ich rola w zaborze rosyjskim Liliana Narkowicz |
| title_short | Muzealnicy i kolekcjonerzy |
| title_sort | muzealnicy i kolekcjonerzy zbiory rodziny tyszkiewiczow i ich rola w zaborze rosyjskim |
| title_sub | zbiory rodziny Tyszkiewiczów i ich rola w zaborze rosyjskim |
| topic | Tyszkiewicz Familie 1437- (DE-588)135657008 gnd |
| topic_facet | Tyszkiewicz Familie 1437- |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026172179&sequence=000006&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026172179&sequence=000007&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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