Physics around us: how and why things work
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New Jersey, NJ [u.a.]
World Scientific
2012
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben. - Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke |
| Beschreibung: | XIX, 361 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 981435063X 9789814350631 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Physics around us |b how and why things work |c Ernest M. Henley and J. Gregory Dash |
| 264 | 1 | |a New Jersey, NJ [u.a.] |b World Scientific |c 2012 | |
| 300 | |a XIX, 361 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804150538587078656 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Physics around us
Autor: Henley, Ernest M
Jahr: 2012
Contents
Foreword vii
Introduction xvii
Mechanics 1
1. The Sizes of Typical Objects, and How We Know 3
1.1 Introduction.......................... 3
1.2 Atoms............................. 3
1.3 Earth and the Solar System................. 5
1.3.1 Parallax ....................... 7
1.3.2 Galaxies....................... 8
1.4 The Expanding Universe, and the Big Bang........ 8
1.4.1 Search for extraterrestrial life ........... 9
1.5 A Rough Table of Sizes................... 10
2. Linear Motion 15
2.1 Introduction.......................... 15
2.2 The Kinematics of One-Dimensional Motion........ 16
2.3 Proportions.......................... 16
2.4 Acceleration.......................... 17
2.5 Kinematics of Two- and Three-Dimensional Motion.
Vectors ............................ 18
2.6 Relative Motion........................ 20
x Contents
3. Galileo; Free Fall, Projectile Motion 27
3.1 Galileo s Observations vs. Aristotelian Ideas on
Motion............................. 27
3.2 Projectile Motion....................... 30
3.3 Range of a Projectile..................... 31
4. Newtonian Mechanics ™
4.1 Newton s Laws........................ 40
4.1.1 The First Law.................... 40
4.1.2 The Second Law................... 40
4.1.3 The Third Law ................... 43
4.2 Frames of Reference..................... **
4.3 Friction............................ 45
4.3.1 Air resistance. Terminal velocity.......... 4
5. Work and Energy
5.1 The Quest for Perpetual Motion.............. ^5
5.2 Mechanical Work....................... ^5
5.3 Potential Energy....................... 57
5.4 Kinetic Energy........................ 58
5.4.1 Non-constant forces................. ^
5.5 Power............................. 60
5.6 Conservation of Energy................... 60
5.6.1 Experimental tests of the law of conservation
of energy; Other forms of energy.......... 1
5.6.2 Energy conservation is not conservation of
energy........................ 63
5.7 Simple Machines....................... 63
6. Impulse and Momentum 73
6-1 Impulse............................ 73
6.2 Momentum.......................... 74
6-2.1 Collisions....................... 76
6.2.2 Balloons, squids, and rockets............ 78
6.3 Center of Mass...................... 79
6.4 Energy and Collisions.................... 80
6.4.1 Collisions in 2-dimensions.............. 82
Contents xi
7. Rotational Dynamics 91
7.1 Circular Motion, Centripetal Acceleration......... 91
7.2 Rotational Motion of Solid Objects............. 94
7.3 Vector Multiplications.................... 96
7.4 Torque............................. 97
7.5 Moment of Inertia...................... 99
7.6 Angular Momentum..................... 100
7.7 Rotational Kinetic Energy.................. 103
7.8 Center of Gravity....................... 104
7.9 Equilibrium Conditions ................... 106
7.10 Rolling Motion........................ 106
8. Solar System and Gravitation 115
8.1 Earth-centered and Sun-centered Theories......... 115
8.2 Copernicus and Heliocentrism................ 117
8.3 Brahe and Kepler....................... 118
8.4 Newton and Universal Gravitation............. 121
8.5 Tides and Phases of the Moon ............... 123
8.6 Satellites............................ 125
8.7 Gravitational Potential Energy............... 126
8.8 Dark Energy......................... 127
8.9 Antigravity.......................... 127
9. Oscillations and Waves 133
9.1 Oscillatory Motion - Elastic Spring............ 133
9.2 Harmonic Motion of a Pendulum.............. 136
9.3 Waves............................. 138
9.4 Standing Waves........................ 141
9.5 The Doppler Effect for Sound - Echoes.......... 144
9.6 Beats ............................. 145
10. Thermal Physics 151
10.1 Heat is a Form of Energy.................. 151
10.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics............. 153
10.3 Temperature......................... 154
10.4 Heat Capacity ........................ 155
10.4.1 Food energy..................... 157
10.5 Phase Changes........................ 157
Contents
.......... 158
158
159
10.6 Heat Flow.........................
10.6.1 Heat conduction................... 158
10.6.2 Heat convection.................
10.6.3 Heat radiation.................... 160
10.7 Entropy and Reversibility. The Second Law of
Thermodynamics....................... 161
10.8 Heat Engines and Thermodynamic Efficiency....... 162
11. States of Matter: Solids, Liquids and Gases I69
11.1 Gases............................. 169
11.1.1 Perfect gases..................... 170
11.2 Liquid State.......................... 174
11.2.1 Hydrostatics..................... 175
11.3 Buoyancy........................... 178
11.4 Flowing Liquids........................ 180
11.4.1 Bernoulli s principle................. I 1
Electricity and Magnetism 18
12. Static Electricity 189
12.1 Amber, Amusements, and the Beginnings of Serious Study 189
12.2 Lightning is an Electrical Discharge ............ l^4
12.3 Coulomb Force........................ 198
12.4 Insulators and Conductors.................. 1
12.4.1 How does rubbing cause electrification?...... 200
12.5 Electric Fields......................... 201
12.6 Induced Polarization..................... 202
12.7 Electric Potential....................... 202
12.8 Special Cases......................... 203
12.8.1 Field between parallel plates............ 203
12.8.2 Field from a pointed conductor .......... 205
12.8.3 Capacitance..................... 205
12.9 Field Ionization........................ 205
12.10 Some Applications of Electrostatics............. 206
13. Currents and Circuits 213
13.1 Power Sources......................... 213
13.1.1 Household power................... 213
Contents xiii
13.1.2 Batteries....................... 213
13.2 Electrical Current and Resistance.............. 215
13.2.1 A microscopic description of an electric
current........................ 216
13.3 Electrical Power ....................... 217
13.4 Lamps, Circuit Breakers, Switches............. 218
13.5 Series and Parallel Connections............... 219
13.6 Semiconductors, Transistors and Computer Chips..... 222
14. Magnetism 227
14.1 Beginnings of the Study of Magnetism........... 227
14.2 The Earth is a Magnet.................... 227
14.3 Basic Magnetism....................... 228
14.3.1 Magnetic materials................. 230
14.3.2 Magnetic domains and atomic magnetism..... 231
14.3.3 Magnetic recording................. 231
14.4 Magnetic circuits....................... 232
14.5 Electromagnetism ...................... 232
14.6 Forces and Torques on Currents............... 234
14.6.1 Electric meters and motors............. 235
14.7 Force on a Charged Particle................. 236
14.8 Earth s Magnetism...................... 237
15. Electromagnetism - II 243
15.1 Michael Faraday....................... 243
15.2 Generating Electricity from Motion............. 243
15.2.1 Lenz s law and Eddy currents........... 245
15.2.2 Electrical power generators............. 246
15.3 Transformers......................... 247
15.4 Battle over Electric Power.................. 247
16. Electromagnetic Waves 253
16.1 Electromagnetic Waves.................... 253
16.2 Light.............................. 256
16.3 Refraction........................... 257
16.4 Color.............................. 260
16.5 The Eye and Color...................... 262
16.6 Doppler Effect ........................ 262
Contents
269
17. Geometrical Optics - Image Formats
269
17.1 Reflection from a Mirror...................272
17.2 Lenses................ ........275
17 3 Light Polarization.............
281
18. Physical Optics 281
18.1 Interference Phenomena...................283
18 2 Diffraction Gratings.......... .284
18 3 Diffraction from a Single Slit or Obstacle ...... 2g6
18.4 Some Other Interference Phenomena.........
293
Modern Physics
295
19. The Beginning of Modern Physics 2Q
19.1 Blackbody Radiation................. 297
19.2 The Discovery of the Electron.............. .299
19.3 The Electric Charge of the Electron............ 3Q0
19.4 The Photoelectric Effect.................. 303
19.5 Compton Scattering...................
309
20. Atoms
. . 309
20.1 The Hydrogen Atom................... ^4
20.2 The Structure of Atoms...................
. 010
21. Particles and Waves - An Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
319
21.1 Matter Waves.........................
321
.322
21.2 Electron Waves - Diffraction. . . •
21.3 The Uncertainty Principle......
21.4 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
22. The Special Theory of Relativity 327
22.1 Relative Motion........................ 327
22.2 Special Relativity....................... 328
22.3 The Relativity of Time.................... 329
22.4 The Contraction of Lengths................. 331
22.5 The Addition of Velocities, Momentum, Energy......332
Contents xv
22.6 Introduction to General Relativity - The Principle of
Equivalence.......................... 336
23. Nuclear and Particle Physics 343
23.1 The Nucleus.......................... 343
23.2 Energetics of Nuclear Reactions............... 345
23.3 Fission and Fusion...................... 348
23.4 Particle Physics........................ 349
23.5 Cosmology .......................... 350
Index of Famous Scientists 355
Subject Index 357
|
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| title_auth | Physics around us how and why things work |
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| title_full | Physics around us how and why things work Ernest M. Henley and J. Gregory Dash |
| title_fullStr | Physics around us how and why things work Ernest M. Henley and J. Gregory Dash |
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| title_short | Physics around us |
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