Plant litter: decomposition, humus formation, carbon sequestration
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2014
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. Ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 315 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783642388200 9783642388217 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804150523484438528 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 OVERVIEW OF PLANT LITTER DECOMPOSITION 1
1.2 A SHORT RETROSPECTIVE 2
1.3 THE ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF LITTER DECOMPOSITION
AND THE FORMATION OF HUMUS 3
1.4 FACTORS INFLUENCING DECAY AND HUMUS FORMATION 4
1.5 ACCUMULATION OF HUMUS AND NUTRIENTS 5
1.6 THE CONTENTS AND ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK 6
1.7 MOTIVES FOR THE PRESENT SYNTHESIS 9
1.8 NEW DEVELOPMENTS INCLUDED IN THE THIRD EDITION 10
2 DECOMPOSITION AS A PROCESS: SOME MAIN FEATURES 11
2.1 LITTER DECOMPOSITION: A SET OF DIFFERENT PROCESSES
INCLUDING SYNTHESIS 11
2.2 DEFINITION OF LITTER DECOMPOSITION 14
2.3 ASH DYNAMICS 16
2.4 DEGRADATION OF THE MAIN GROUPS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
IN LITTER 16
2.4.1 DEGRADATION AND LEACHING OF SOLUBLE
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES 17
2.4.2 DEGRADATION OF NON-LIGNIFIED ORGANIC SUBSTANCES ... 18
2.4.3 A PATTERN OF DEGRADATION OF THE MAIN ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS IN PINE NEEDLE LITTER 19
2.4.4 PATTERN FOR MAIN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BASED
ON AUR: GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSES OF LIGNIN 21
2.4.5
L3
C-NMR ANALYSIS APPLIED ONTO DECOMPOSING
FOLIAR LITTER 22
2.5 FACTORS REGULATING DEGRADATION OF LIGNIN/AUR 24
2.5.1 POTENTIAL EFFECTS AND POSSIBLE INTERACTIONS
ON LIGNIN/AUR DEGRADATION 24
2.5.2 EFFECTS OF LITTER MN CONCENTRATION ON
LIGNIN/AUR DEGRADATION AND LITTER MASS LOSS 25
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1034513699
XII CONTENTS
2.5.3 EFFECT OF N ON LIGNIN/AUR AND LATE-STAGE
LITTER DEGRADATION 26
2.6 PROPOSED MODEL FOR DECOMPOSITION FROM NEWLY SHED
LITTER TO THE HUMUS STAGE 28
2.6.1 THE EARLY STAGE 30
2.6.2 THE LATE STAGE MAY HAVE SUBSTAGES 30
2.6.3 THE HUMUS-NEAR OR LIMIT-VALUE STAGE 31
3 DECOMPOSER ORGANISMS 35
3.1 INTRODUCTION 35
3.2 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF A GIVEN MICROBIAL POPULATION 36
3.3 THE DEGRADATION OF THE MAIN POLYMERS IN LITTER 38
3.3.1 DEGRADATION OF CELLULOSE 38
3.3.2 DEGRADATION OF HEMICELLULOSES 41
3.3.3 DEGRADATION OF LIGNIN 41
3.4 DEGRADATION OF FIBERS 48
3.4.1 BACTERIA 48
3.4.2 SOFT ROT 48
3.4.3 BROWN ROT 49
3.4.4 WHITE ROT 49
3.5 MYCORRHIZAE 50
3.6 ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS 50
4 INITIAL LITTER CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 53
4.1 INTRODUCTION 53
4.2 ORGANIC-CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF PLANT LITTER
AND FIBER STRUCTURE 55
4.2.1 ORGANIC-CHEMICAL COMPONENTS 55
4.2.2 FIBER STRUCTURE 59
4.3 NUTRIENT AND HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATIONS IN NEWLY
SHED LITTER 61
4.3.1 GENERAL FEATURES 61
4.3.2 NUTRIENT RESORPTION AND WITHDRAWAL EFFICIENCY 62
4.3.3 NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION CHANGE; GREEN FOLIAGE
VERSUS BROWN LITTER 62
4.4 FACTORS INFLUENCING LITTER CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 64
4.4.1 GENERAL FACTORS 64
4.4.2 NUTRIENTS, HEAVY METALS AND AUR IN NEEDLE LITTER
OF TWO CONIFERS, PINE AND SPRUCE SPP: TWO CASE
STUDIES IN CLIMATE GRADIENTS 66
4.4.3 INFLUENCE OF SOIL PROPERTIES 73
4.5 SEVERAL DECIDUOUS AND CONIFEROUS LEAF LITTER SPECIES 74
4.5.1 VARIATION IN A EURASIAN TO GLOBAL GRADIENT*FOCUS
ON NITROGEN 74
CONTENTS
M1
4.5.2 CONIFEROUS VERSUS DECIDUOUS GENERA/SPECIES
AND INFLUENCE OF SPECIES: AN OLD CONCEPT 75
4.5.3 GENERAL (GLOBAL) RELATIONSHIPS 78
4.6 WOOD AND FINE ROOT LITTER 79
4.7
ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES ON INITIAL LITTER COMPOSITION 79
4.7.1 N-FERTILIZED SCOTS PINE AND NORWAY SPRUCE
MONOCULTURES 79
4.7.2 HEAVY METAL POLLUTION AND INITIAL LITTER
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 82
5 CHANGES IN SUBSTRATE COMPOSITION DURING DECOMPOSITION 85
5.1 INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS 85
5.2 ORGANIC-CHEMICAL CHANGES DURING LITTER DECOMPOSITION 86
5.2.1 TRADITIONAL ANALYTICAL FRACTIONS 86
5.2.2 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HOLOCELLULOSE AND AUR 91
5.2.3
L3
C-NMR TECHNIQUE 92
5.3 NUTRIENT AND HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS DURING DECAY 94
5.3.1 CHANGES IN CONCENTRATIONS OF ELEMENTS
IN DECOMPOSING LITTER 94
5.4 SPECIAL STUDIES ON MN AND N DYNAMICS 99
5.4.1 MN DYNAMICS 99
5.4.2 NITROGEN CONCENTRATION DYNAMICS OVER
A CLIMATIC GRADIENT J 02
6 CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AS RATE REGULATING: INITIAL VARIATION
AND CHANGES DURING DECOMPOSITION. NEW AND TRADITIONAL
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES 109
6.1 INTRODUCTION 109
6.2 NEW FINDING, POSSIBLE TO RELATE TO A PHASE-BASED MODEL .... 110
6.3 A THREE-PHASE MODEL APPLIED TO DIFFERENT LITTER SPECIES
OF DIFFERENT CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ILL
6.3.1 EARLY DECOMPOSITION STAGE: DOMINATED BY CELLULOSE
AND HEMICELLULOSES 114
6.3.2 DECOMPOSITION IN THE LATE STAGE: LIGNIN-REGULATED
PHASE 123
6.4 LITTER AT HUMUS-NEAR OR LIMIT-VALUE STAGE 136
6.4.1 GENERAL COMMENTS 136
6.4.2 GENERAL RELATIONSHIPS 136
6.4.3 DO LIMIT VALUES INDICATE A STABLE FRACTION? 140
6.5 DOES CHEMICAL COMPOSITION INFLUENCE LEACHING
OF COMPOUNDS FROM HUMUS? 141
XIV CONTENTS
7 CLIMATIC ENVIRONMENT 143
7.1 INTRODUCTION 143
7.2 MICROBIAL RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE 144
7.3 EFFECTS OF VARIATION IN WEATHER AND TOPOGRAPHY 144
7.3.1 DECOMPOSITION AT ONE SITE: VARIATION IN WEATHER . . . 144
7.3.2 EFFECTS OF LOCAL TOPOGRAPHY 146
7.4 DECOMPOSITION OVER CLIMATIC GRADIENTS 146
7.5 MULTI-SPECIES GRADIENT ACROSS ASIA AND EUROPE 150
7.5.1 FIRST-YEAR MASS LOSS VERSUS CLIMATE AND LITTER
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 150
7.6 CLIMATE AND DECOMPOSITION OF SPRUCE (PICEA)
NEEDLE LITTER 158
7.6.1 FIRST-YEAR MASS LOSS 158
7.7 CLIMATE AND DECOMPOSITION OF OAK SPECIES (QUERCUS)
LEAF LITTER 159
7.7.1 CLIMATE VERSUS FIRST-YEAR MASS LOSS 159
7.8 DECOMPOSITION IN CLIMATE GRADIENTS AND THE 3-STAGE MODEL . . 160
7.8.1 SCOTS PINE LITTER 160
7.8.2 NORWAY SPRUCE 166
7.9 A SERIES OF LIMITING FACTORS 168
7.10 CLIMATE AND THE DECOMPOSITION OF HUMUS AND LITTER
IN HUMUS-NEAR STAGES 169
8 DECOMPOSITION OF FINE ROOT AND WOODY LITTER 171
8.1 INTRODUCTION 171
8.2 WOODY LITTER DECOMPOSITION 174
8.2.1 METHODS 174
8.2.2 DECOMPOSITION RATES VERSUS CLIMATE 176
8.2.3 CARBON DIOXIDE RELEASE 178
8.2.4 ORGANIC CHEMICAL CHANGES 179
8.2.5 CHANGES IN NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS 179
8.3 FINE ROOT DECOMPOSITION 182
8.3.1 FINE ROOT LITTER 182
8.3.2 MASS-LOSS RATES 183
8.3.3 CHANGES IN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 186
9 MODELS THAT DESCRIBE LITTER DECOMPOSITION 189
9.1 INTRODUCTION 189
9.2 FOUR COMMONLY USED MODELS 191
9.3 MODELS 192
9.3.1 SINGLE EXPONENTIAL 192
9.3.2 THE DOUBLE EXPONENTIAL 193
9.3.3 ASYMPTOTIC MODELS 193
CONTENTS
XV
9 4
TYPE OF MODEL AND SOME DOMINANT INFLUENCING FACTORS 195
9.4.1 SOME ASPECTS OF LITTER CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 195
9.4.2 EXTENT AND QUALITY OF THE DATASET 199
10 SOME POSSIBLE INFLUENCES ON DECOMPOSITION PATTERN, REGRESSION
MODEL, STABLE FRACTION, AND C SEQUESTRATION 201
10.1 INTRODUCTION 201
10.1.1 BACKGROUND 201
10.1.2 POTENTIAL INFLUENCE 203
10.2 TWO MAIN PATTERNS AND TWO MAIN MODELS? 204
10.3 SPECIFIC FACTORS THAT MAY DETERMINE A PATTERN:
AND A MODEL? 204
10.3.1 LITTER TYPE VERSUS LITTER CHEMISTRY
REVEALING A PATTERN 204
10.3.2 LITTER CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: SPECIFIC FACTORS
FOR FOLIAR LITTER 206
10.3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 208
10.4 WHAT IS THE RELEVANCE OF A LIMIT VALUE OR A COMPLETE
DECOMPOSITION? LONG-TERM STABILITY AT THE LIMIT VALUE
AND IN HUMUS: LOW OR NO DECOMPOSITION? 210
10.4.1 CAN WE USE LIMIT VALUES TO ESTIMATE ORGANIC
MATTER OR CARBON BUDGETS? 210
10.4.2 HUMUS IN SCOTS PINE AND NORWAY SPRUCE STANDS,
STABILITY VERSUS HUMUS N CONCENTRATION 212
11 DOES HUMUS ACCUMULATE AND WHERE? WHAT FACTORS
MAY INFLUENCE? 215
11.1 INTRODUCTION 215
11.2 AMOUNTS OF HUMUS AND INCREASE IN ORGANIC LAYERS.
IS THERE A STEADY STATE? 217
11.3 ACCUMULATION OF STABILIZED HUMUS/CARBON IN ORGANIC
LAYERS OF BOREAL AND TEMPERATE FORESTS 219
11.3.1 ACCUMULATION WITH STAND AGE 219
11.4 VARIATION IN CARBON SEQUESTRATION RATES AMONG TREE
SPECIES AND SOIL PROPERTIES: DATA FOR NORTHERN EUROPE 222
11.4.1 LARGE-SCALE COMPARISONS AMONG SPECIES
OVER NORTHERN EUROPE 222
11.4.2 ACCUMULATION OF SOM-C WITH CLIMATE: CONIFEROUS
FORESTS IN GRADIENTS 225
11.5 SOME FACTORS RELATED TO MINERAL SOIL MAY INFLUENCE
ORGANIC LAYER C SEQUESTRATION 226
11.5.1 SOIL TEXTURE AND MINERAL SOIL NUTRIENTS 227
11.5.2 ORGANIC LAYERS NATURAL NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY 227
XVI
CONTENTS
11.6 HUMUS LAYER STABILITY VERSUS ITS TURNOVER 230
11.7 CARBON IN THE MINERAL SOIL 230
11.7.1 DOES THE AMOUNT OF ORGANIC MATTER IN THE MINERAL
SOIL CHANGE? 230
11.7.2 ORGANIC MATTER MIXED INTO THE MINERAL SOIL 231
11.7.3 IS THERE ANY EFFECT OF DISTURBANCE? 232
12 ESTIMATING CARBON SEQUESTRATION RATES ON A REGIONAL SCALE .... 235
12.1 LONG-TERM ACCUMULATION OF CARBON IN ORGANIC LAYERS
(O HORIZON): GENERAL COMMENTS 235
12.2 INFLUENCES ON CARBON SEQUESTRATION RATES IN FORESTED
LAND: REGIONAL LEVEL 237
12.2.1 UNDISTURBED SITES AND ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE 237
12.2.2 GENERAL CONSIDERATION AS REGARDS A DATABASE
FOR REGIONAL MODELING 238
12.3 TWO CASE STUDIES 239
12.4 CASE STUDY FOR A REGION: DIRECT MEASUREMENTS
OF HUMUS DEPTH 240
12.4.1 BACKGROUND 240
12.4.2 GENERAL DESIGN OF THE HUMUS INVENTORY 240
12.4.3 SCALING UP FROM FIELD MEASUREMENTS ON HUMUS
DEPTH IN PLOTS TO C SEQUESTERED ON COUNTRY
LEVEL: OVERVIEW 241
12.4.4 CHANGES IN ORGANIC LAYER THICKNESS OVER TIME .... 243
12.4.5 CALCULATIONS OF CARBON BULK DENSITY
IN THE HUMUS LAYER 250
12.4.6 CALCULATED CARBON SEQUESTRATION RATES
AND SOME PATTERNS 250
12.4.7 POSSIBLE SOURCES OF ERROR IN ESTIMATES
OF C SEQUESTRATION RATES 252
12.5 CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN MINERAL SOIL. OBSERVATIONS
ON A REGIONAL SCALE 253
12.5.1 DIFFERENT SEQUESTRATION PATTERNS? 253
12.6 REMAINING STABLE FRACTION: A THEORY AND A POSSIBLE
REGIONAL APPROACH 256
12.6.1 SHORT BACKGROUND 256
12.6.2 GEOGRAPHICAL DATABASE 256
12.6.3 EXPANDING TO A REGIONAL SCALE 258
12.6.4 CALCULATION OF THE BUILDUP OF HUMUS AND CARBON . . . 259
12.6.5 POTENTIAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION RATES 259
12.6.6 THE EFFECT OF TREE SPECIES ON CARBON SEQUESTRATION
RATES IN THE HUMUS LAYER 260
CONTENTS XVN
12.6.7 SOURCES OF ERROR IN THE LIMIT-VALUE APPROACH 261
12.7 CARBON SEQUESTRATION RATES IN THE CASE STUDIES
COMPARED TO QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTS IN SINGLE STANDS
AND CHRONOSEQUENCES AS WELL AS AMONG THEM 262
APPENDIX I: GLOSSARY 265
APPENDIX II: COMMENTS TO DESIGN OF LITTER-BAG EXPERIMENTS
AND SOME CALCULATIONS 269
APPENDIX III: SHORT OVERVIEW TO SOME COMMON ANALYTICAL
METHODS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN LITTER
WITH FOCUS ON LIGNIN 275
APPENDIX IV: SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF VASCULAR PLANTS 283
REFERENCES 287
INDEX 311
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Berg, Björn MacClaugherty, Charles |
| author_facet | Berg, Björn MacClaugherty, Charles |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Berg, Björn |
| author_variant | b b bb c m cm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041130315 |
| classification_rvk | WI 2500 WI 5085 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)864668864 (DE-599)DNB1034513699 |
| dewey-full | 577.314 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 577 - Ecology |
| dewey-raw | 577.314 |
| dewey-search | 577.314 |
| dewey-sort | 3577.314 |
| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie |
| edition | 3. Ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV041130315 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:40:17Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783642388200 9783642388217 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026106151 |
| oclc_num | 864668864 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-634 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-634 |
| physical | XVII, 315 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Berg, Björn Verfasser aut Plant litter decomposition, humus formation, carbon sequestration Björn Berg ; Charles McClaugherty 3. Ed. Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2014 XVII, 315 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Waldökosystem (DE-588)4282537-4 gnd rswk-swf Humifizierung (DE-588)4298536-5 gnd rswk-swf Biologischer Abbau (DE-588)4145625-7 gnd rswk-swf Rest (DE-588)4194908-0 gnd rswk-swf Organischer Abfall (DE-588)4172777-0 gnd rswk-swf Kompostierung (DE-588)4164919-9 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd rswk-swf Waldökosystem (DE-588)4282537-4 s Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 s Rest (DE-588)4194908-0 s Biologischer Abbau (DE-588)4145625-7 s Humifizierung (DE-588)4298536-5 s DE-604 Organischer Abfall (DE-588)4172777-0 s 1\p DE-604 Kompostierung (DE-588)4164919-9 s 2\p DE-604 MacClaugherty, Charles Verfasser aut DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026106151&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Berg, Björn MacClaugherty, Charles Plant litter decomposition, humus formation, carbon sequestration Waldökosystem (DE-588)4282537-4 gnd Humifizierung (DE-588)4298536-5 gnd Biologischer Abbau (DE-588)4145625-7 gnd Rest (DE-588)4194908-0 gnd Organischer Abfall (DE-588)4172777-0 gnd Kompostierung (DE-588)4164919-9 gnd Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4282537-4 (DE-588)4298536-5 (DE-588)4145625-7 (DE-588)4194908-0 (DE-588)4172777-0 (DE-588)4164919-9 (DE-588)4045539-7 |
| title | Plant litter decomposition, humus formation, carbon sequestration |
| title_auth | Plant litter decomposition, humus formation, carbon sequestration |
| title_exact_search | Plant litter decomposition, humus formation, carbon sequestration |
| title_full | Plant litter decomposition, humus formation, carbon sequestration Björn Berg ; Charles McClaugherty |
| title_fullStr | Plant litter decomposition, humus formation, carbon sequestration Björn Berg ; Charles McClaugherty |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant litter decomposition, humus formation, carbon sequestration Björn Berg ; Charles McClaugherty |
| title_short | Plant litter |
| title_sort | plant litter decomposition humus formation carbon sequestration |
| title_sub | decomposition, humus formation, carbon sequestration |
| topic | Waldökosystem (DE-588)4282537-4 gnd Humifizierung (DE-588)4298536-5 gnd Biologischer Abbau (DE-588)4145625-7 gnd Rest (DE-588)4194908-0 gnd Organischer Abfall (DE-588)4172777-0 gnd Kompostierung (DE-588)4164919-9 gnd Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Waldökosystem Humifizierung Biologischer Abbau Rest Organischer Abfall Kompostierung Pflanzen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026106151&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bergbjorn plantlitterdecompositionhumusformationcarbonsequestration AT macclaughertycharles plantlitterdecompositionhumusformationcarbonsequestration |