Terrori komunist ne Shqiperi:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | Albanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Tiranë
Shtëpia Botuese Graphic Line-01
2012
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Einf. in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | [160] S. überw. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9789928410726 |
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| adam_text |
A book about the tragic memory of the Albanians
Prof.Dr.Luan Malltezi
Director of the National Historical Museum
The Albanian Secret Service history presents a grave situation under the communist reign in Albania. According to some incomplete data of the Ministry of
Interior's Archives, it ensues that
5157
people were killed and
9052
people died in prison during this regime;
17900
people were jailed as political prisoners,
30383
others were deported for political reasons.Those years, there were
23
prisons and
48
internment camps in this small country, called Albania.
There was a severe attitude toward his opponents, even nonexistent in reality, which went up to their physical annihilation.This attitude was noticed since
the wartime in the behavior of E. Hoxha', and showed again before his coming to power. On November 17-th,
1944,
the day of the liberation of Tirana,
Hoxha ordered by an urgent message the partisan commander,
Dali Ndreu:
"To organize the prisons and the concentration camps and jail all those individu¬
als, charged with Supreme Betrayal toward their country and having publicly collaborated with the so called enemy likewise the prominent criminals. All the
prisoners of war must be gathered in the concentration areas. Don't make round-ups (arrests), though such actions might frighten the population. Don't
imprison insignificant members of
Balli
Kombëtar,
if you don't have a place where to enclose them. You must be very careful for this operation and the way
you act as the dissenters and the opportunism are going to harm us immensely in this matter. We should give the impression that we are not inspired by
unconstrained principles, but that we are prudent and fair in our actions."3
The department of the State Security (bearing a different name in the beginning), adapted their activities in full compliance with the strict slogan of Hoxha:
"The security must keep under surveillance, ferret out and punish only the enemies of the people and the party". This slogan was written in capital letters
in all the public areas of the country. Under the banner of the struggle against "the wild enemies of the people and of the party", the red regime laid the
foundations of his reign and domination, which continued until its collapse with the initiation of the democratic processes in the
'90s.
The authorities composed the legislation in order to obtain and ensure the regime which had "come out from the gun-barrel".
Manol Konomi, former Minister of Justice announced in 1
945:
"The judges, on the basis of new legislation, will not be anymore be slaves of the law, but they
will judge independently according to their conscience and the spirit of our movement. Only such a decision represents the opinion of the people and it
will be the real voice of justice".4
On September l-st,
1952
it was effectuated the new Penal Code. Commenting on it, the former Minister of Justice (successor of Konomi), Bilbil Klosi
wrote:"We are inspired by the Soviet Penal Code in compiling the new code. But considering the repeated attempts for a possible uprising in our country
supported and run by foreign individuals we have been constrained to take some more severe measures and punishments than those of the Soviet Penal
Code".5 It is clear from these statements of the highest representatives of the Justice system, that Albania was the socialist country with the most vicious
dictatorship in the eastern communist countries.
Actually, things went worse.The Penal Code does not constitute any obstacle to the State Security organs, carrying people under terror; the party ran with
an iron fist and didn't shrink back from any law to hit any man, judged by her as a political opponent of the regime, from the origin, social position, class and
social background.This tough political line, which had serious consequences in the social life of the country, continued until the collapse of the communist
dictatorship after the democratic processes of the
90s.
The State Security and Justice Authorities in general, liquidated rapidly not only "traitors" and "criminals of the country" as stated in communist propaganda,
but also other new opponents of the regime. Often these opponents, who were declared "enemies of the government and the party" came from the ranks
of former brave partisans, freedom fighters.
Documents prove that Albania walked rapidly on the path of dictatorship and the strengthening of Hoxha's personal power. Within a short time in Albania
were liquidated honest nationalists, representatives of the clergy of different religions, many representatives of the intellectual elite educated in the West, and
other ordinary people who dare to speak about Kosovo, which remained in the hands of Serbs, former war allies and friends of Hoxha. This liquidation was
fatal. Hoxha and other senior communist leaders marked with red ink opponents who were to be executed, without first sending them in the courtroom.
The many other prisoners who survived were draggled in the jails of the communist dictatorship for years and years on the severe conditions of bondage,
hunger, naked and humiliated in the most extreme.
In miserable conditions were imposed even "political prisoners", which were divided into different camps in the country under strict security Department.
"The political prisoners," that emerged after the liberation of the country, remained suchlike in the Albanian society, until the collapse of the dictatorship.
Documents of the regime itself indicate here and there in their reports the bad situation of those unlucky people and their children; "the bread
-
it was
said in a report of
1945 -
was not given regularly to them, no shelter, no fire, no blankets; and do to these living conditions, the impurity, and from lack of
medicine and different epidemics some of them died."
According to these shocking written lines, we consider that it is superfluous to give here also the claims of persecuted people, who made these known in
their books and stories, published after the collapse of the dictatorship.This terrific and shocking misery remained permanent for the political prisoners
from the beginning to the end of the regime.Their stories prove that "socialist" Albania, had been for these unlucky people as wild and barbaric as the old
regimes of the past that we know today; regimes were overthrown by the people everywhere in their fight for a free and democratic society. In fingernails
of the dictatorship fell earlier former ministers and other senior figures of the regime of Hoxha, who had established the difficult system of dictatorship.
From their ranks comes the former communist Minister of Interior
Koci
Xoxe, appealing to his trial for crimes and terrible tortures inflicted on him from
the investigation in the prisons of the communist regime.
The publication of this book prepared on the basis of numerous facts and documents extracted from the archives of former collapsed communist regime
displays this living hell under which these hopeless people went through, suffered and which remained generally an unknown mystery for the Albanian citi¬
zens and employees.
The publication of the book "The Communist Terror in Albania", aims to remain stuck in the memory of the Albanians of today and future generations and
show the dark side of our national history. It is published in honor and respect of the victims who suffered the hell of the terrible communist camps and
prisons, where they were oppressed and exploited without mercy until the last drop of blood.
'Second Plenum of the Central Committee of the Albania's Communist Party (CC ofACP),
Berat,
November
1944,
prepared for publication from prof.
Ndreçi
Plasări
&
dr.Luan Malltezi.
Tirane
1996.
2
Nationalist organization
3 Dali
Ndreu, Member of CC of ACP since March
1943;
Commander of the Division I of UNCSH, then Commander of the Corporation I. Member of the great family of Ndreu
(Elezi)
ofDibra.
After the war, in
1956,
he is executed as a "traitor" with his wife
Liri (Gega)
Ndreu.
"M.Konomi. Fryma
e re në Drejtësi.(New
Breath in Justice), Magazine
"Bota e Re",(New
World), Tirana, July
1945,
nr.l, p,
25.
5S. Skendi. Gjendja
e Shqipërisë
sot dhe Detyra
e Shqiptarëvet.
(The situation of Albania today and the tasks of Albanians) Conference in Detroit on April
19,1953.
Detroit,
Michingan,
1953,
p.8. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1138857254 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041128391 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)856813676 (DE-599)BVBBV041128391 |
| era | Geschichte 1945-1990 gnd Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1945-1990 Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| publisher | Shtëpia Botuese Graphic Line-01 |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Terrori komunist ne Shqiperi Muzeu Historik Kombëtar. [Përgatiti botimin: Enver Kushi ...] Tiranë Shtëpia Botuese Graphic Line-01 2012 [160] S. überw. Ill. txt rdacontent sti rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Einf. in engl. Sprache Albanien Sigurimi i Shtetit (DE-588)7853225-5 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1945-1990 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Kommunismus (DE-588)4031892-8 gnd rswk-swf Politischer Gefangener (DE-588)4076230-0 gnd rswk-swf Unterdrückung (DE-588)4257314-2 gnd rswk-swf Arbeitslager (DE-588)4002716-8 gnd rswk-swf Politische Justiz (DE-588)4121487-0 gnd rswk-swf Gefängnis (DE-588)4071628-4 gnd rswk-swf Diktatur (DE-588)4149920-7 gnd rswk-swf Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit (DE-588)4124385-7 gnd rswk-swf Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 gnd rswk-swf Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4145395-5 Bildband gnd-content Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 g Kommunismus (DE-588)4031892-8 s Diktatur (DE-588)4149920-7 s Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 s Unterdrückung (DE-588)4257314-2 s Geschichte z DE-604 Politische Justiz (DE-588)4121487-0 s Politischer Gefangener (DE-588)4076230-0 s Gefängnis (DE-588)4071628-4 s Arbeitslager (DE-588)4002716-8 s Geschichte 1945-1990 z Albanien Sigurimi i Shtetit (DE-588)7853225-5 b Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit (DE-588)4124385-7 s Kushi, Enver ca. 20./21. Jh. Sonstige (DE-588)1138857254 oth Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026104263&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Terrori komunist ne Shqiperi Albanien Sigurimi i Shtetit (DE-588)7853225-5 gnd Kommunismus (DE-588)4031892-8 gnd Politischer Gefangener (DE-588)4076230-0 gnd Unterdrückung (DE-588)4257314-2 gnd Arbeitslager (DE-588)4002716-8 gnd Politische Justiz (DE-588)4121487-0 gnd Gefängnis (DE-588)4071628-4 gnd Diktatur (DE-588)4149920-7 gnd Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit (DE-588)4124385-7 gnd Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)7853225-5 (DE-588)4031892-8 (DE-588)4076230-0 (DE-588)4257314-2 (DE-588)4002716-8 (DE-588)4121487-0 (DE-588)4071628-4 (DE-588)4149920-7 (DE-588)4124385-7 (DE-588)4046565-2 (DE-588)4001028-4 (DE-588)4145395-5 |
| title | Terrori komunist ne Shqiperi |
| title_auth | Terrori komunist ne Shqiperi |
| title_exact_search | Terrori komunist ne Shqiperi |
| title_full | Terrori komunist ne Shqiperi Muzeu Historik Kombëtar. [Përgatiti botimin: Enver Kushi ...] |
| title_fullStr | Terrori komunist ne Shqiperi Muzeu Historik Kombëtar. [Përgatiti botimin: Enver Kushi ...] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Terrori komunist ne Shqiperi Muzeu Historik Kombëtar. [Përgatiti botimin: Enver Kushi ...] |
| title_short | Terrori komunist ne Shqiperi |
| title_sort | terrori komunist ne shqiperi |
| topic | Albanien Sigurimi i Shtetit (DE-588)7853225-5 gnd Kommunismus (DE-588)4031892-8 gnd Politischer Gefangener (DE-588)4076230-0 gnd Unterdrückung (DE-588)4257314-2 gnd Arbeitslager (DE-588)4002716-8 gnd Politische Justiz (DE-588)4121487-0 gnd Gefängnis (DE-588)4071628-4 gnd Diktatur (DE-588)4149920-7 gnd Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit (DE-588)4124385-7 gnd Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Albanien Sigurimi i Shtetit Kommunismus Politischer Gefangener Unterdrückung Arbeitslager Politische Justiz Gefängnis Diktatur Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit Politische Verfolgung Albanien Bildband |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026104263&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kushienver terrorikomunistneshqiperi |