The law of letters of credit in China: commentary and materials on the Chinese Supreme People's Court's judicial interpretations of letters of credit
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Paris
International Chamber of Commerce Services
2013
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references |
| Beschreibung: | 192 S. Ill. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789284201662 |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The law of letters of credit in China |b commentary and materials on the Chinese Supreme People's Court's judicial interpretations of letters of credit |c by Jin Saibo |
| 264 | 1 | |a Paris |b International Chamber of Commerce Services |c 2013 | |
| 300 | |a 192 S. |b Ill. |c 24 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Letters of credit / China | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Letters of credit / China / Cases | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804150508584173568 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: The law of letters of credit in China
Autor: Saibo, Jin
Jahr: 2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD ...............................................................................................................15
AUTHOR S PREFACE...................................................................................................17
FOREWORD by James G. Barnes Professor James E. Byrne........................21
FOREWORD by Boris Kozolchyk............................................................................25
AUTHOR S BIOGRAPHY.............................................................................................29
PART ONE
COMMENTS ON THE PROVISIONS ON SEVERAL ISSUES CONCERNING THE
TRIAL OF DISPUTES OVER LETTERS OF CREDIT...................................................33
CHAPTER ONE: SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LC JUDICIAL INTERPRETATIONS..............................35
1.1 China s First Statute on Letters of Credit........................................................35
1.2 Conformity of China s LC System to International Practices, such as
International Standard Banking Practice........................................................36
1.3 Standardization of Chinese Court Adjudication of LC Disputes...................36
1.4 Standardization of Procedural and Substantial Issues related to LC Fraud
and Payment Suspensions................................................................................37
CHAPTER TWO:CAUSES FOR THE DRAFTING OF THE LC JUDICIAL INTERPRETATIONS AND
REVISIONS OF THE DRAFTS................................................................................................39
2.1 The Chaos of Ungrounded LC Suspension Orders Issued by Chinese Courts
during 1994 to 1997..........................................................................................39
2.2 The Report Submitted by the People s Bank of China to the Political and
Legislative Affairs Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC)
in 1998 ...............................................................................................................39
2 3 The 1999 Seminar Held by the Supreme People s Court in Fuzhou City Fujian
41
Province.............................................................................................................
2.4 The Supreme People s Courts First Draft of the Judicial Interpretations
Specifically on LC Fraud and Suspension of Payment....................................41
2.5 The Second Draft by Judge Gao Xiang of the Supreme People s Court.......42
2.6 Drafting of the Third Draft Presided over by Judge Wang Yun of the Supreme
People s Court...................................................................................................43
2.7 Exposure Draft Published by the Supreme People s Court.
.44
2.8 The Final Official Version Passed by the Judicial Committee of the Supreme
People s Court...................................................................................................44
CHAPTER THREE: ARTICLE-BY-ARTICLE COMMENTS ON THE LC JUDICIAL
INTERPRETATIONS..............................................................................................................45
3.1 Comments on Article 1.....................................................................45
3.1.1 The Provision......................................................................................45
3.1.2 Comments: The Sources of the LC Judicial Interpretations and the
Scope of LC Cases..............................................................................45
3.1.2.1 Sources ofjudicial Interpretation and Relevant Statutes................45
3.1.2.2 Sources Derived from International Practices.................................45
3-1.2.3 The Roles Played by Precedents or Previous Cases Decided by
Chinese Courts Especially the Supreme People s Court.................46
3.1.2.4 Definition of LC..................................................................................46
3.1.2.5 Scope of LC Cases..............................................................................46
3.2 Comments on Article 2.....................................................................47
3.2.1 The Provision.....................................................................................47
3.2.2 Comments: Application of International Practices.........................47
3.2.2.1 Application of International Practices: Party Autonomy Doctrine .47
3.2.2.2 Shall Provisions of the LC Judicial Interpretations Be Excluded or
Should Varied by Agreements of Parties in LC Terms.....................48
3.2.2.3 Application of International Practices: the Implied Choice of
International Practices by the Parties...............................................48
3.2.2.4 Application of International Practice: Application without Expressed
or Implied Choice of International Practices...................................49
3.2.2.5 Application of International Practices Concerning Standby Letters of
Credit (Standby LCs)..........................................................................49
3.2.2.6 Whether the LC Judicial Interpretations Apply to Domestic Letters
of Credit..............................................................................................50
3.3 Comments on Article 3.....................................................................50
3.3.1 The Provision.....................................................................................50
3-3.2 Comments: Applicable Law to LC Transactions and Relevant Legal
Relations.............................................................................................51
3-3-2.1 Independence of LC Transactions from Other Related
Transactions........................................................................................51
3-3.2.2 Scope of Application of the LC Judicial Interpretations..................51
3.4 Comments on Article 4.....................................................................52
3.4.1 The Provision.....................................................................................52
3.4.2 Comments: Applicable Law of LC Cases..........................................52
3.4.3 When Parties Agree on the Applicable Law in an LC, Chinese Courts
Will Honour Such Agreement...........................................................52
3.4.4 Absent an Agreement on Applicable Law, the Principle of Proximate
Connection Should be Applied........................................................53
3.4.5 Application of International Customs by Chinese Courts..............53
3.4.6 The Applicability of Foreign Law and Chinese Law in Fraud and
Payment Suspension Cases...............................................................54
3.4.7 Apply the Laws to the Underlying Contract and the LC
Separately...........................................................................................55
3.4.8 The Independent Consideration on Applicable Law in the Contracts
Relating to LCs and Demand Guarantee Such As the Guarantee
Contract..............................................................................................55
3.5 Comments on Article 5.....................................................................56
3.5.1 The Provision....................................................................................56
3.5.2 Comments: Payment Obligations and Defenses of the Issuing
Bank...................................................................................................56
3.5.2.1 LC is a Conditional Payment Undertaking: the Prerequisite for
Payment by the Issuing Bank...........................................................56
3.5.2.2 The Independence Principle of LC: the Independence of Payment
Obligations of the Issuing Bank and the Defense of Dishonour....57
3.5.2.3 Fraud Exception of the Independence of the Payment Obligation
Under LCs...........................................................................................58
3.6 Comments on Article 6.....................................................................58
3.6.1 The Provision.....................................................................................58
3.6.2 Comments: Standards for Document Examination........................59
3.6.2.1 Compliance on their face, Strict Compliance, Substantial Compliance
and Mirror-Image Rule......................................................................59
3.6.2.2 UCP or ISBP: Which Standard to Follow?.........................................59
3-6.2.3 Standard for Documents Examination as Agreed by the Parties....61
3.6.2.4. Inconsistencies between Documents..............................................61
3.6.2.5 Should All Documents Be Treated as a Whole? Remedies involving
Other Documents..............................................................................62
3.6.2.6 Standard of Reasonable Document Examiner.................................63
3.6.2.7 Inconsistency between Documents That Does Not Lead to Different
Meaning..............................................................................................65
3.6.2.8 The Interpretation of Different Meaning by the Supreme People s
Court in a Recent Retrial Case..........................................................66
3.7 Comments on Article 7.....................................................................67
3.7.1 The Provision.....................................................................................67
3.7.2 Comments: Determination, Acceptance and Waiver of Discrepancies
by the Issuing Bank and the LC Applicant.......................................68
3.7.2.1 The Legal Relationship between Issuing Banks and LC Applicants. 68
3.7.2.2 Issuing Banks Right to Determine Discrepancies..........................70
3.7.2.3 Should the Issuing Bank be Bound by the Instruction for a Waiver of
Discrepancy from the LC Applicant?................................................71
3.7.2.4 Prior Agreement between the Issuing Bank and the LC Applicant
upon Acceptance/Refusal of Discrepancies.....................................73
3.7.2.5 The Beneficiary Cannot Claim against the Issuing Bank on ground
of the LC Applicants Waiver..............................................................74
3.7.2.6 The Latest Position Held by the Supreme People s Court in a Recent
Leading Case......................................................................................75
3.8 Comments on Article 8.....................................................................77
3.8.1 The Provision.....................................................................................77
3.8.2 Comments: Fraud Exception to the Independence of LCs............78
3.8.2.1 Balance among the Independence of LC, Fraud Exception, and the
Immunity of Fraud Exception...........................................................78
3.8.2.2 Determination of LC Fraud...............................................................79
3.8.2.3 The Beneficiary Forges Documents or Provides Documents with
False Information...............................................................................80
3-8.2.4 Ante-dated Bill of Lading...................................................................80
3-8.2.5. Clause 2: The Beneficiary Fails to Deliver Goods or Delivers Goods
of No Value.........................................................................................81
3-8.2.6 Clause 3: Forged Documents Presented in Conspiracy..................82
3-8.2.7 Other Circumstances Involving LC Fraud........................................83
3.8.2.8 Procedure of LC fraud when Crime is Involved...............................83
3.9 Comments on Article 9.....................................................................86
3.9.1 The Provision.....................................................................................86
3.9.2 Comments: Rights and Procedures as to Applications for Suspension
Orders on the Ground of LC Fraud..................................................86
3.9.2.1 Who Has the Cause of Action to Apply for the Payment Suspension
Order under the LC?..........................................................................86
3.9.2.2 Forms of Judicial Remedies for LC Fraud: Injunction, Property
Preservation, and Payment Suspension...........................................87
3.9.2.3 Preliminary and Permanent Suspension Orders..............................88
3.9.2.4 What is Irreparable Damage..............................................................89
3.9.2.5 Determination of Jurisdiction over Disputes Arising from LC Fraud... 89
3.9.2.6. Mutual Independence of Jurisdiction over Underlying Contract,
Letter of Credit/Guarantee................................................................89
3.9.2.7. Jurisdiction over Cases Involving Foreign Interests........................90
3.9.2.8 Long-arm Jurisdiction of People s Courts of China.........................91
3.9.2.9 Long-arm Jurisdiction of Hong Kong Courts and Inconvenient
Forum Jurisdiction of Mainland Courts............................................92
3.10 Comments on Article 10..................................
3.10.1 The Provision....................................................
3.10.2 Comments: Immunity of LC Fraud Exception
94
.94
.94
3.10.2.1 Clause 1: A Party Nominated or Authorized by the Issuing Bank Has
Made the Payment in Good Faith Pursuant to the Issuing Banks
Nomination.......................................................................................94
3.10.2.2 Clause 2: The Issuing Bank or Its Nominated Person or Authorized
Person Has Accepted the Draft under the LC in Good Faith........95
3.10.2.3 Clause 3: Confirming Bank Has Performed its Payment Obligation
in Good Faith..................................................................................101
3.10.2.4 Clause 4: Negotiating Bank Has Negotiated in Good Faith.........103
3.10.2.5 Other Situations Where Immunity Shall Apply: A Controversial Issue.....104
3.11 Comments on Article 11...............................................................105
3.11.1 The Provision...................................................................................105
3.11.2 Comments: Conditions of Suspension of LC Payment.................105
3.11.2.1 Distinction Made by the Supreme People s Court between
Conditions of Application for Suspension of LC Payment before and
during a Lawsuit..............................................................................105
3.11.2.2 Clause 1: The Court which the Application for Suspension Order is
Filed with Has the Jurisdiction over LC Cases...............................106
3.11.2.3 Clause 2: The Evidence Submitted by the Applicant Proves the
Existence of the Situations Provided in Article 8..........................107
3.11.2.4 Clause 3: The Applicant s Lawful Rights and Interests will Suffer
Irreparable Damage if Payment under the LC were not Suspended 109
3.11.2.5 Clause 4: The Applicant Provides Reliable and Adequate Security.............109
3.11.2.6 Clause 5: Except for the Circumstances Provided in Article 10, the
Exemption to the Fraud Exception does not Apply.....................110
3.11.2.7 Negative and Positive Effects of Article 11.....................................Ill
3.12 Comments on Article 12...............................................................112
3.12.1 The Provision...................................................................................112
3.12.2 Comments: The Enforcement of Court Order Suspending LC
Payment and the Parties.................................................................112
3.12.2.1 Procedures Subsequent to the Court Accepting an Application for
Suspension of Payment under the LC...........................................112
3.12.2.2 Plaintiff and Defendant in the LC Litigation and the Role of the
Issuing Bank or the Intermediary Bank.........................................112
3-12.2.3 Order to Suspend Payment under the LC Rendered by Chinese
Courts..............................................................................................114
3.12.2.4 Time Limit of the Payment Suspension Order Rendered by Chinese
Courts...............................................................................................115
3.12.2.5 Consequences of Disobeying the Order of the Court by the Parties.........116
3.12.2.6 Revocation and Expiration of Court Ruling to Suspend Payment
under the LC....................................................................................117
3.13 Comments on Article 13...............................................................118
3.13.1 The Provision...................................................................................118
3.13.2 Comments: Objection, Review Procedures of the Suspension Order
and Time Limit.................................................................................119
3.13.2.1 Reviewing the Payment Suspension Order by Courts and the Time
Limit..................................................................................................119
3.13.2.2 Time Limit of the Review by the Court at a Higher Level.............120
3.13.2.3 Enforcement of the Order during Review.....................................120
3.13.2.4 Question: Who May Apply for Review?..........................................121
3.13.2.5 Historic Judgment of Supreme People s Court on Application for
Reconsideration of LC Payment Suspension Order......................122
3.14 Comments on Article 14...............................................................122
3.14.1 The Provision...................................................................................122
3.14.2 Comments: Consolidation of Disputes Concerning LC and
Underlying Transactions..................................................................123
3.14.2.1 Consolidation of Disputes Concerning LC and Underlying
Transactions.....................................................................................123
3.14.2.2 Who Are the Interested Parties.......................................................123
3.14.2.3 The Third Party in LC Litigation and the Role of the Intermediary
Bank..................................................................................................124
3.14.2.4 Issues of Third Parties with and without an Independent Claim... 124
3.15 Comments on Article 15...............................................................125
3.15.1 The Provision...................................................................................125
3.15.2 Comments: Defense of Fraud and Termination of the Payment
Undertaking.....................................................................................125
3.15.2.1 Order or Judgment?........................................................................125
3.15.2.2 Definition of Substantive Trial........................................................125
3.15.2.3 Conditions of Termination of the Payment under the LC............126
3.15.2.4 Positive Effects of the LC Judicial Interpretations on LC Payment
Suspension......................................................................................126
16 Comments on Article 16...............................................................126
3.16.1 The Provision...................................................................................126
3.16.2 Comments: Defense of the Guarantor of the LC applicant..........127
3.16.2.1 Conflict with Article 20 of the GuarantyLaw of China...................127
3.16.2.2 LC as Contingent Liability of the Issuing Bank and the Influences on
Guarantor s Liability due to Waiver of Discrepancy......................127
17 Comments on Article 17...............................................................128
3.17.1 The Provision...................................................................................128
3.17.2 Comments: Defense of the Guarantor..........................................128
3.17.2.1 Contradictions between Article 16 and Article 17........................128
3.17.2.2 The Supreme People s Courts Judgment on Chongqing Branch of Bank
of China v. Fandong Sub-branch of Agriculture Bank of China..........129
3.17.2.3 The Supreme People s Court s Judgment of China Tiancheng Group
v. Tianjin Branch of Bank of China.................................................129
3.17.2.4 The Supreme People s Courts Judgment: Xinjiang Branch of Bank
of China (appellant) v. Guobiao (Xinjiang) Trade Ltd. (appellee),
Jinbang (Xinjiang) Steel., Ltd (the plaintiff in the trial).................129
18 Comments on Article 18...............................................................130
3.18.1 The Provision...................................................................................130
3.18.2 CommentThe Nature of the LC Judicial Interpretations and the
Retrospective Effect........................................................................13O
3.18.2.1 The Nature of the LC Judicial Interpretations of the Supreme
People s Court.................................................................................I30
3.18.2.2 Application and Retrospective Effect of the LC Judicial
Interpretations................................................................................132
CHAPTER FOUR: ISSUES LACKING OR UNRESOLVED IN THE LC JUDICIAL INTERPRETATIONS
AND THE OUTLOOK...........................................................................................................133
4.1 Issues not Addressed or Unresolved in the LC Judicial Interpretations......133
4.1.1 Trust Receipt...................................................................................133
4.1.2 Banks Security Interests in Documents and Underlying Goods .134
4.1.3 Applicable Law and Jurisdictions over LC Cases...........................135
4.1.4 Applicable Law of Standby LCs and Independent Demand Guarantee... 135
4.1.5 Demonstration and Interpretations of Local Banking Practices.. 135
4.1.6 Subrogation and Relevant Issues in Bankruptcy Law under the LC . 136
4.1.7 Beneficiary s Warranty of Authenticity of Documents.................136
4.1.8 Assignment and Transfer of Rights under the LC.........................136
4.1.9 Statutory Limitations of Action in LC Disputes.............................137
4.1.10 Recovery for Damages and Reasonable Legal Fees in LC Disputes .. 137
4.1.11 Whether the LC Judicial Interpretations Shall Leave Room for
Development of Law Regarding Domestic LCs............................138
4.2 Positive and Negative Impacts of the LC Judicial Interpretations and
Issues Worth Noting in Training and Application.........................139
PART TWO
APPENDICES.....................................................................................................................141
Appendix I: Explanations of the Supreme People s Court on the Provisions on
Several Issues Concerning the Trial of Letter of Credit Dispute Cases.................142
Appendix 2: Provisions of the Supreme People s Court on the Issue of Whether
People s Courts may Adopt Measures to Freeze and Retain the Security for the
Issue of Letters of Credit..........................................................................................147
Appendix 3:Trial of Letter of Credit Cases in Response to the International Financial
Crisis Study Report on the Problems Encountered by People s Courts in the Trial
of Letter of Credit Cases under the Current International Financial Crisis and the
Measures in Response Thereto...............................................................................148
Appendix 4: Circular of the Supreme People s Court on the Issues to which
Attention Shall be Paid Concerning the Trial of Letter of Credit Dispute Cases by
People s Courts at Present.......................................................................................157
Appendix 5: Circular of the Supreme People s Court on the Prohibition of
Randomly Suspending Payments under Letters of Credit.....................................159
Appendix 6: Circular of the Supreme People s Court on Conscientious Study and
Thorough Implementation of the Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the
Litigation and Jurisdiction of Foreign-related Civil and Commercial Cases..........160
Appendix 7: Provisions of the Supreme People s Court on Certain Issues
Concerning Jurisdiction over Civil and Commercial Cases Involving Foreign
Elements....................................................................................................................162
Appendix 8: Provisions of Various High People s Courts on the Jurisdiction over
Letter of Credit Cases...............................................................................................164
Appendix 8.1: The Provision on Jurisdiction of Foreign-related Cases of Beijing
High Court.................................................................................................................164
Appendix 8.2: Circular on Adjusting the Standards of Jurisdiction over First
Instance Civil Cases by Courts of Beijing Municipality of Beijing High People s
Court (No. Jing Gao Fa Fa [2008] 64 dated April 1, 2008).....................................165
Appendix 8.3: The Provision on Jurisdiction of Foreign-related Cases of Shanghai
High Court.................................................................................................................167
Appendix 8.4: The Provision on Jurisdiction of Foreign-related Cases of Liaoning
High Court.................................................................................................................168
Appendix 8.5: The Provision on Jurisdiction of Foreign-related Cases of Guizhou
High Court.................................................................................................................172
Appendix 8.6: The Provision on Jurisdiction of Foreign-related Cases of High Court
of Guangxi Autonomous Region..............................................................................170
Appendix 8.7: The Provision on Jurisdiction of Foreign-related Cases of Zhejiang
High Court.................................................................................................................174
Appendix 8.8: The Provision on Jurisdiction of Foreign-related Cases of Anhu High
Court..........................................................................................................................176
Appendix 8.9: The Provision on Jurisdiction of Foreign-related Cases of Guangdong
High Court.................................................................................................................178
Appendix 8.10: The Provision on Jurisdiction of Foreign-related Cases of Shandong
High Court.................................................................................................................182
Appendix 8.11: The Provision on Jurisdiction of Foreign-related Cases of Shanxi
High People s Court..................................................................................................186
The International Chamber of Commerce..............................................................190
Some ICC Specialized Divisions..............................................................................191
ICC Publications for Global Business
192
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| spelling | Saibo, Jin Verfasser aut The law of letters of credit in China commentary and materials on the Chinese Supreme People's Court's judicial interpretations of letters of credit by Jin Saibo Paris International Chamber of Commerce Services 2013 192 S. Ill. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references Letters of credit / China Letters of credit / China / Cases HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026094366&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Saibo, Jin The law of letters of credit in China commentary and materials on the Chinese Supreme People's Court's judicial interpretations of letters of credit Letters of credit / China Letters of credit / China / Cases |
| title | The law of letters of credit in China commentary and materials on the Chinese Supreme People's Court's judicial interpretations of letters of credit |
| title_auth | The law of letters of credit in China commentary and materials on the Chinese Supreme People's Court's judicial interpretations of letters of credit |
| title_exact_search | The law of letters of credit in China commentary and materials on the Chinese Supreme People's Court's judicial interpretations of letters of credit |
| title_full | The law of letters of credit in China commentary and materials on the Chinese Supreme People's Court's judicial interpretations of letters of credit by Jin Saibo |
| title_fullStr | The law of letters of credit in China commentary and materials on the Chinese Supreme People's Court's judicial interpretations of letters of credit by Jin Saibo |
| title_full_unstemmed | The law of letters of credit in China commentary and materials on the Chinese Supreme People's Court's judicial interpretations of letters of credit by Jin Saibo |
| title_short | The law of letters of credit in China |
| title_sort | the law of letters of credit in china commentary and materials on the chinese supreme people s court s judicial interpretations of letters of credit |
| title_sub | commentary and materials on the Chinese Supreme People's Court's judicial interpretations of letters of credit |
| topic | Letters of credit / China Letters of credit / China / Cases |
| topic_facet | Letters of credit / China Letters of credit / China / Cases |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026094366&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT saibojin thelawoflettersofcreditinchinacommentaryandmaterialsonthechinesesupremepeoplescourtsjudicialinterpretationsoflettersofcredit |