Symeon I Wielki a Bizancjum: z dziejów stosunków bułgarsko-bizantyńskich w latach 893 - 927
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
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Łódź
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
2013
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| Ausgabe: | Wyd. 1. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Byzantina Lodziensia
15 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in bulg. u. engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Symeon I the Great and Byzantium Bibliogr. s. 294-327. Indeks |
| Beschreibung: | 368 s. Kt. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788375258141 |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Byzantina Lodziensia |v 15 | |
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in bulg. u. engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Symeon I the Great and Byzantium | ||
| 500 | |a Bibliogr. s. 294-327. Indeks | ||
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| 651 | 7 | |a Bizantyjskie, Cesarstwo / historia |2 jhpk | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1818866335444107264 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Spis
tresei
Wstęp
ROZDZIAŁ
1
Bizantyński etap w życiu Symeona
. 25
1.
Pobyt w Konstantynopolu
. 27
1.1.
Przekaz Liutpranda
. 27
1.2.
Konstantynopolitańska edukacja Symeona
. 29
1.3.
Mnich
. 34
2.
Powrót do
Bulgarii
. 39
viii Symeon
I Wielki a Bizancjum. Z dziejów stosunków.
ROZDZIAŁ
II
Przejęcie władzy
(893) . 43
1.
Upadek Włodzimierza-
Rasate
. 44
1.1.
Źródła
. 44
1.2.
Opinia o moralnej postawie Włodzimierza-Rasate
. 46
1.3.
Problem propogańskiej polityki Włodzimierza-Rasate
. 47
1.4.
Kwestia zmiany orientacji w polityce zagranicznej
. 52
1.5.
Nieudolność rządów Wiodzimierza-Rasate
. 5 5
1.6.
Usunięcie Włodzimierza
Rasate
z tronu
. 5 5
1.7.
Rola Symeona w wydarzeniach roku
893 . 58
2.
Tak zwany sobór presławski
893/894
r
. 64
ROZDZIAŁ III
Pierwsze rozdanie. Wojna bułgarsko-bizantyńska z lat
894—896 . 67
1.
Przyczyny wojny z Bizancjum
. 68
2.
Przebieg wojny
. 76
2.1.
Kampania roku
894 . 76
2.2.
Węgrzy
. 80
2.3.
Bulgarofygon
(89é)
. 92
3.
Wpływ wojny na Symeona
. 96
ROZDZIAŁ
IV
Dziwna wojna
(897-904) . 99
1.
Charakterystyka stosunków bułgarsko-bizantyńskich w latach
897 903 . . 100
2.
Symeon wobec Tesaloniki
(904) . 106
Spis
tresei
ix
ROZDZIAŁ
V
Rok913
. 117
1.
Symeon wobec Aleksandra
. 118
2.
Wyprawa Symeona na Konstantynopol
. 134
3.
Negocjacje pokojowe
. 138
4.
Koronacja? Błogosławieństwo? Duchowe usynowienie? Oszustwo?
. 150
ROZDZIAŁ
VI
Drogado
Anchialos
(914-917) 159
1.
Zoe
Karbonopsina na czele rady regencyjnej
. 160
2.
Adrianopol
914. 162
3.
Przygotowania do wojny
. 167
4.
Bitwa pod Anchialos
(20
sierpnia
917
r.)
. 177
5.
Bitwa pod Katasyrtami
(917) . 181
ROZDZIAŁ
VII
Czas wojny. Trudne drogi do pokoju
(917-927) . 187
1.
Działania wojenne w latach
917-919 . 188
2.
Dojście Romana Lekapena do władzy
. 191
3.
Rok
920 . 192
4.
Rok
921 . 194
5.
Rok
922 . 197
6.
Próba zawarcia sojuszu z Arabami
. 2,00
Symeon
I
Wielki a Bizancjum. Z dziejów stosunków.
7.
Misja papieska w
923
r
. 202
8.
Spotkanie Symeona z Romanem Lekapenem w
923
r. i jego następstwa
. . 205
9.
Kwestia serbska
. 215
10.
Problem chorwacki w polityce Symeona
. 218
11.
Śmierć Symeona.
. 225
1
1.1.
Kwestia ostatniej wyprawy Symeona na Konstantynopol
. 225
11.2.
Data zgonu Symeona
.227
11.3.
Sprawa następstwa tronu. Pokój z Bizancjum
927
r
.231
ROZDZIAŁ
VIII
Cele bizantyńskiej polityki Symeona
.235
1.
Ewolucja bizantyńskiej polityki Symeona
.236
2.
Kwestia patriarchatu bułgarskiego za Symeona
. 248
ROZDZIAŁ
IX
Wizerunek Symeona w źródłach bizantyńskich i bułgarskich
w świetle jego polityki wobec Bizancjum
. 259
1.
Człowiek
.261
2.
Władca
.
*66
2Л.
Idealny władca
.266
2.2.
Tyran
.268
3.
Wódz
. 274
4.
Bułgarska perspektywa
. 276
Zakończenie
. 279
Spis treści
xi
Mapy
.2,84
Wykaz skrótów
.2.89
Bibliografia
.294
Źródła
.294
Opracowania
. 303
Summary
. 329
Резюме
. 339
Indeks osób
. 349
Indeks nazw geograficznych i etnicznych
. 359
Summary
Symeon I the Great and Byzantium
Bulgarian-Byzantine relations,
893-927
he reign of Symeon I the Great
(893-927)
is commonly considered
to be the apogee of the significance of Bulgaria during the Middle Ages.
It attracted
-
and continues to attract
-
the interest of scholars from
Bulgaria, as well as from other countries. One particularly important
aspect of Symeon
s
reign was his policy towards the Byzantine Empire. It
has inspired a considerable number of works devoted to the subject. The
way in which it is portrayed, however, is far from unified. It would seem
that there is a need to summarize the current state of research and create
33°
Summary
a comprehensive approach to this problem. The book presented here is
an attempt to respond to such demands.
The book is divided into
9
chapters. Chapter I {The Byzantine phase
in the life of Symeon, p.
2.5)
presents Symeon's life until
889,
with special
regard to his stay in Constantinople
(878?—886/887?).
This was a key
phase for the intellectual and spiritual development of the future ruler
of Bulgaria. It was here that he received a thorough education, soaked up
Byzantine culture, and became a monk (882./883
?).
The author casts doubt
on the hypothesis according to which the latter step was undertaken with
the intention of preparing Symeon to become the head of the Bulgarian
Church. That Boris-Michael was not motivated by such an idea may be
seen from the fact that he did not attempt any steps towards carrying it
out after Symeon's return to Bulgaria.
After returning to Bulgaria, Symeon settled in a monastery. Until the
year
893
there is no evidence of Symeon's involvement in the political
lire of Bulgaria. His path as a man of the Church (generally speaking)
seemed to have been clearly and permanently laid out. In the year
889
Boris-Michael gave up power and transferred it to
Vladimir-Rasate,
his
eldest son, and began a monastic life himself.
Chapter II {The acquisition of power
(893),
p.
43)
is devoted to the
events of
893.
The analysis of the sources detailing the removal of
Vladimir-
Rasate
from the throne by Boris-Michael has led the author to conclude
that it was caused by the incompetence in the ruling of the latter; as it was
put by
Regino
of
Prüm —
he was inferior to his father in
(.)
action. Taken
separately, the various aspects of Vladimir-Rasate's rule (such as religious
attitude or foreign policy) were not serious enough to justify taking dras¬
tic measures; taken together, they caused Boris-Michael to make the dra¬
matic decision to remove his son for the sake of the state.
Acquisition of power by Symeon happened on the initiative of Boris-
Michael with the former's consent, and perhaps even active involvement.
It does not appear as if the new ruler of Bulgaria was merely a tool in
his father's hands. Symeon was approaching the age of thirty and he was
knowledgeable in the affairs of state. Although he had no experience of
Symeon I the Great and Byzantium Bulgarian-Byzantine relations,
893-927 331
holding offices or military posts, he certainly had the intellectual qualities
that offered hope that he would quickly gain the appropriate experience,
which would allow him to govern the country efficiently.
There is no reason to hypothesise that the Byzantines, to whom he
might have seemed like the perfect candidate, played a role in his eleva¬
tion to the throne. Vladimir's removal and elevation of Symeon were
done by Bulgarian hands.
Chapter III {Thefirst round. The Bulgarian-Byzantine war of
8Ç4-
896
y p.
67).
The unilateral introduction of new trading conditions by the
Byzantines (perhaps during Vladimir
s
reign), unfavourable for Bulgarian
merchants, could not be left without a response from Symeon. He was not
interested in resolving the issue by force and started negotiations. It was
only the unyielding Byzantine attitude that drove him to take military
measures. The decision to go to war was not, however, only a consequence
of Symeons desire to protect the interests of Bulgarian merchants. For
him, only beginning his reign, it was more of an excuse for action, as he
could not afford to leave this matter unresolved. He had to show that he
was a strong ruler, capable of defending the interests of his subjects and
the independence of his state. The author does not consider the opinion
that the Byzantines observed development of a Bulgarian Church inde¬
pendent from Constantinople and the dynamic growth of Slavic liter¬
ary culture with wariness, or even hostility, as supported by the primary
sources. Thus Symeon's strong reaction should not be seen as an attempt
to defend the nascent Bulgarian, Slavic identity.
The war, the course of which the author describes in detail, ended after
the battle of Bulgarophygon in the autumn of
896.
The author shares the
views of the scholars (and provides new arguments in support of them)
who believe that it was then that a new peace treaty was concluded, the
terms of which amounted to the restoration of the status quo existing
before the war.
The war of
894-896
has demonstrated that Symeon was not mere¬
ly an armchair scholar, but a statesman, a talented commander and
a skilled negotiator.
ЗЗ2·
Summary
Chapter IV {A strange war
(8Q7-Ç04),
p.
99).
The conclusion or
peace in
896
did not lead to lasting stable relations between Bulgaria
and Byzantium. In the examined period of
897—904,
the military activ¬
ity towards the south-west (Dyrrachium, Thessalonica) most likely took
place after
899
and ended before May
902.
In all likelihood, it was the
Byzantines who were the more powerful side. In
904,
no military strug¬
gle between Bulgaria and the Empire took place, due to the capture and
sack of Thessalonica by the Arabs.
The analysis of Bulgarian-Byzantine relations during
897-904
has led
to the rejection of Ivan
Božilov's
hypothesis of three phases of the armed
conflict between Bulgaria and Byzantium during this period.
At this time, both sides not only devoted their attention to conducting
military operations, but also made attempts at diplomatic negotiations,
which can be clearly seen from the two missions of Leo Choerosphactes
and the conclusion of a treaty that delineated the south-western Bulgarian
border with Byzantium. It would seem that Symeon did not make attempts
at becoming an equal of the Byzantine Emperor by demanding an impe¬
rial title during that time. The sources clearly indicate that Symeon was
satisfied with the title 'by Gods will Archon'
(εκ θεοϋ άρχων)
of Bulgaria
and recognized the leading role of Byzantium in the Balkans.
Chapter V
(
Year
913,
p.
117).
In the year
913,
a Bulgarian military expedi¬
tion arrived at Constantinople. It was a result of the Emperor Alexander s,
Leo VI's successor, unfavourable policy towards Bulgaria. It appears
that during this time Symeon decided to proclaim himself
Basileus
(of
the Bulgarians).
The author analyses the previously debated issues related to negotiations
conducted between Symeon and Nicholas
Mysticus
who headed the regen¬
cy council, ruling on behalf of the minor
Constantine
VII,
Alexander
s
nephew and successor.
The author concludes that the negotiations resulted in a peace trea¬
ty, the terms of which included the restoration of the tribute paid to the
Bulgarians, and perhaps the acceptance of Symeon
s
imperial title by the
Byzantines. It does not seem, however, that they included a promise of
Symeon I the Great and Byzantium Bulgarian-Byzantine relations,
893-927 333
marriage between
Constantine
VII
and Symeon
s
daughter. The ceremo¬
ny celebrated by Nicholas
Mysticus
in Hebdomon was, according to the
author, an expression of Byzantine approval of Symeon
s
adopting the
imperial title of
Basileus
(of the Bulgarians). As for the ceremony's char¬
acter, the author points to two possibilities
—
it was either a coronation in
the strict sense of the word, with the use of insignia of imperial power and
rituals appropriate for such a ceremony (assuming the Byzantine authors
deliberately distorted its image), or the rite of
άποκατάταστασις,
or con¬
firmation of an earlier imperial proclamation (here, the ruler already had
the insignia of his power).
Chapter VI {The road to Anchialos
(914-917),
p.
159).
In the first part of
the chapter, the author analyses the state of Bulgarian-Byzantine relations
in
914,
concluding that the hypothesis that an open military conflict erupt¬
ed between Byzantium and Bulgaria soon after
Zoe Carbonopsina
came
to power cannot be defended. The change of leadership in Byzantium did
bring deterioration of mutual relations, which might have been, among
other possibilities, a consequence of the Byzantine refusal to promise
a marriage between
Constantine
VII
and the daughter of Symeon.
The second part presents the course of the war of
917,
with particular
emphasis on the battles of Anchialos and of Katasyrtai. The author stress¬
es the importance of the victorious for the Bulgarians battle of Anchialos
that took place on zoA of August. He considers this success crucial for
Symeons policy towards Byzantium. He does not, however, agree with
the fairly common assessment of the Battle of Katasyrtai as another, after
Anchialos, major disaster for the Byzantine forces. In his view, this issue
should be treated with some caution. The battle had not ended with a total
defeat of the Byzantines, and it has was certainly not written down as
such in their historical memory.
The military campaign of
917
shattered Symeons hopes for peaceful
relations with Byzantium that would have led to, among other benefits,
a permanent bolstering of the Bulgarian ruler
s
position in the Byzantine
oecumene.
He then understood that this goal could only be attained
through a direct military confrontation with his southern neighbour.
33-4
Summary
The victory at Anchialos allowed Symeon to realize that Bulgaria already
had the potential necessary to achieve success in the struggle against the
Empire. It is possible that he came to believe that God, by granting him
victory at Anchialos, was indicating his favour towards Bulgarians and
would support them in further struggle against the Byzantines.
Chapter
VII
{The time of war. The difficult road to peace
(Ç17—Ç27),
p.
187).
The campaign of
917
shook the balance in Bulgarian-Byzantine
relations. From that point onwards, the Empire was on the defence, while
Symeon took a number of steps of a military nature that, for a period of
time, made Bulgaria, over which he held dominion,
a hegemon
of the
Balkan Peninsula. The author follows the course of the war during this
period. He points to the crucial importance of the meeting between
Symeon and Romanus Lecapenus in the November of
9x3
(the date sug¬
gested byj. Howard-Johnston). He believes that it was then that an agree¬
ment was made
—
it did not, admittedly, settle all of the contentious issues,
but it became a starting point for future negotiations. From that point
onwards, all the way until the end of Symeon's reign, there was no more
open armed conflict between the Bulgarians and the Byzantines.
During the final years of Symeon's reign there was an intensification of
aggressive policy towards the Serbs (inclusion of Serbian lands into the
Bulgarian state) and a conflict with Croatia
—
as well as further negotia¬
tions with Byzantium. The author rejects the view that near the end of
his reign Symeon was preparing an expedition against Constantinople.
Symeon's death and Peter's ascension to power led first to a brief mili¬
tary clash between Bulgaria and Byzantium, and subsequently to intense
diplomatic negotiations, -which resulted in the conclusion of peace. The
treaty regulated the matters that were points of contention during Symeon's
reign (the Bulgarian ruler's title, the status of the Bulgarian Church, terri¬
torial matters). The peace was strengthened by the marriage between Peter
and Mary-Irene of the house of Lecapeni.
Chapter
VIII
{The objectives of
Symeorìs
Byzantine policy, p.
2.35).
Symeon's political agenda towards Byzantium certainly evolved over
time. During the first stage of his reign, Symeon took steps aimed at
Symeon
I the Great and Byzantium Bulgarian-Byzantine relations,
893-927 335
defending the position the Bulgarian state and its ruler attained during
Boris-Michaels reign.
The dynamic development of the Bulgarian state after
896,
the increase
in Symeons personal authority and finally Boris-Michaels death in
907
gave Symeon complete freedom in governing the state. All of this allowed
him to take actions aimed at bringing relations with the Byzantine Empire
to a different level, which was reflected in attempts to gain the title of
Basileus.
The steps directed at achieving this were most likely first under¬
taken by Symeon during the first half of
913,
at the time of worsening rela¬
tions with Byzantium during Alexander
s
reign. Perhaps it was then that
Symeon declared himself
Basileus,
departing from the accepted title
εκ
θεού άρχων.
This change was accepted by the patriarch Nicholas
Mysticus.
The new stage 'm Symeon
s
dealings with Byzantium begins after the
battle of Anchialos
(917)·
At that time, the Bulgarian ruler time did not
so much intend to claim the title of the
Basileus
of Romans, which would
have made him equal to the Byzantine ruler, nor did he want to conquer
Constantinople and destroy the Empire in order to build on its ruins
a new Slavic-Greek universalistic state entity. Instead, he sought to limit
the influence of Byzantium in the Balkans and create a space in which
Bulgaria could play a dominant and fully independent role.
One of the key points of Symeon
s
political program was achieving
autocephaly for the Bulgarian church and making its head a Patriarch.
It is possible that the archbishop of Bulgaria was proclaimed a Patriarch
(913)
without Byzantine consent, but the sources only allow for attempt¬
ing to show that this matter was reflected in the peace treaty concluded
after Symeons death
(92.7).
Chapter IX {The portrayal of Symeon in Byzantine and Bulgarian-
sources in the light of his policy towards Byzantium, p.
259).
For the con¬
temporary Byzantines, Symeon must have been an exceptional figure.
Years of war which he waged against them must have had an impact on
how they saw him. Writers of the sources analysed by the author (Leo
Choerosphactes, Nicholas
Mysticus,
Theodore Daphnopates
-
among
others), although they were aware they were dealing with an intelligent
33^
Summary
and educated man and knew that his education was in large part received
in Constantinople, do not make a mention of this fact. It seems that by
hiding it they wanted to remove the responsibility from the Byzantines
for equipping Symeon with knowledge and skills which he later turned
against his teachers. It is as if they did not want to believe that their cul¬
ture did not turn Symeon into a Hellenophile: a man who, impressed
by the achievements of the Byzantines, recognized their superiority and
became their constant and faithful ally.
For the Byzantines, Symeon is a son who turned against the Emperor,
his spiritual father, an avaricious and warlike usurper, and a tyrant, who
did not know how to rule his subjects. He is a man who claims to be
a Christian, but at the same time is responsible for the spilling of Christian
blood, for the destruction of churches and monasteries, for the suffering
of much of the Byzantine populace.
It is symptomatic that the Bulgarian authors writing in Symeon's time
did not directly raise the topic of his Byzantine policy. Thus, there are
no words affirming his military successes, which were after all numerous,
nor criticism of his military undertakings. Instead, they stress his achieve¬
ments in the field of- generally speaking
-
culture.
Symeon
s
policy towards Byzantium resulted in the rise of Bulgaria's
importance in the Balkans and forty years of peace during Tsar Peter
s
reign. In the end, its consequences were not positive and not so much
because the wars had weakened Bulgaria, but primarily because they gave
Symeon I the Great and Byzantium Bulgarian-Byzantine relations,
893-927 337
a clear signal to the Byzantine Empire that despite accepting Christianity,
its northern neighbour remained a potentially very dangerous oppo¬
nent. In addition, the awareness that the Bulgarian state was created on
Byzantine lands was persistent in the Empire; it should therefore not be
surprising that John Tzimiskes assiduously used the opportunity to strike
at Bulgaria
(971)
and incorporated much of its territory back into the
Empire. Basil II followed in John's footsteps; after many years of strug¬
gle with Samuel and his successors, this led to the final breakdown of
the resurgent Bulgarian state (1018/1019). In comparison to these tragic
events, the reign of Symeon and his successes in the struggle against the
Byzantine Empire appeared exceptionally lustrous to future generations.
Translated by
Michał Żytka |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Leszka, Mirosław J. 1963-2024 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1070407208 |
| author_facet | Leszka, Mirosław J. 1963-2024 |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Leszka, Mirosław J. 1963-2024 |
| author_variant | m j l mj mjl |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041097834 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)867137966 (DE-599)BVBBV041097834 |
| edition | Wyd. 1. |
| era | Geschichte 893-927 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 893-927 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Bułgaria / 681-1018 jhpk Bizantyjskie, Cesarstwo / historia jhpk Bułgaria / stosunki / Bizantyjskie, Cesarstwo jhpk Byzantinisches Reich (DE-588)4009256-2 gnd Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Bułgaria / 681-1018 Bizantyjskie, Cesarstwo / historia Bułgaria / stosunki / Bizantyjskie, Cesarstwo Byzantinisches Reich Bulgarien |
| id | DE-604.BV041097834 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-19T11:01:48Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788375258141 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026074299 |
| oclc_num | 867137966 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 368 s. Kt. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Byzantina Lodziensia |
| series2 | Byzantina Lodziensia |
| spelling | Leszka, Mirosław J. 1963-2024 Verfasser (DE-588)1070407208 aut Symeon I Wielki a Bizancjum z dziejów stosunków bułgarsko-bizantyńskich w latach 893 - 927 Mirosław J. Leszka Wyd. 1. Łódź Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego 2013 368 s. Kt. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Byzantina Lodziensia 15 Zsfassung in bulg. u. engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Symeon I the Great and Byzantium Bibliogr. s. 294-327. Indeks Geschichte 893-927 gnd rswk-swf Bułgaria / 681-1018 jhpk Bizantyjskie, Cesarstwo / historia jhpk Bułgaria / stosunki / Bizantyjskie, Cesarstwo jhpk Byzantinisches Reich (DE-588)4009256-2 gnd rswk-swf Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 gnd rswk-swf Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 g Byzantinisches Reich (DE-588)4009256-2 g Geschichte 893-927 z DE-604 Byzantina Lodziensia 15 (DE-604)BV012366978 15 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026074299&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026074299&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Leszka, Mirosław J. 1963-2024 Symeon I Wielki a Bizancjum z dziejów stosunków bułgarsko-bizantyńskich w latach 893 - 927 Byzantina Lodziensia |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4009256-2 (DE-588)4008866-2 |
| title | Symeon I Wielki a Bizancjum z dziejów stosunków bułgarsko-bizantyńskich w latach 893 - 927 |
| title_auth | Symeon I Wielki a Bizancjum z dziejów stosunków bułgarsko-bizantyńskich w latach 893 - 927 |
| title_exact_search | Symeon I Wielki a Bizancjum z dziejów stosunków bułgarsko-bizantyńskich w latach 893 - 927 |
| title_full | Symeon I Wielki a Bizancjum z dziejów stosunków bułgarsko-bizantyńskich w latach 893 - 927 Mirosław J. Leszka |
| title_fullStr | Symeon I Wielki a Bizancjum z dziejów stosunków bułgarsko-bizantyńskich w latach 893 - 927 Mirosław J. Leszka |
| title_full_unstemmed | Symeon I Wielki a Bizancjum z dziejów stosunków bułgarsko-bizantyńskich w latach 893 - 927 Mirosław J. Leszka |
| title_short | Symeon I Wielki a Bizancjum |
| title_sort | symeon i wielki a bizancjum z dziejow stosunkow bulgarsko bizantynskich w latach 893 927 |
| title_sub | z dziejów stosunków bułgarsko-bizantyńskich w latach 893 - 927 |
| topic_facet | Bułgaria / 681-1018 Bizantyjskie, Cesarstwo / historia Bułgaria / stosunki / Bizantyjskie, Cesarstwo Byzantinisches Reich Bulgarien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026074299&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026074299&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV012366978 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leszkamirosławj symeoniwielkiabizancjumzdziejowstosunkowbułgarskobizantynskichwlatach893927 |