Flexible word classes: typological studies of underspecified parts of speech
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| Format: | Buch |
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| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford Univ. Press
2013
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| Ausgabe: | 1. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIX, 339 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780199668441 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Flexible word classes
Autor: Rijkhoff, Jan
Jahr: 2013
Contents
Notes on contributors x
Lisi of abbreviations and symbols xiii
i Flexible word classes in linguistic typology and grammatical theory i
Eva van Lier and Jan Rijkhoff
l.i Introduction i
1.2 Categorization: approaches and problems 2
1.2.1 To cognize is to categorize 2
1.2.2 Categorization of flexible words 4
1.3 Lexical flexibility in theory and description 6
1.3.1 A brief history of lexical flexibility in the functional-typological
framework 6
1.3.2 Establishing flexibility 13
1.3.3 Summary 20
1.4 Flexibility beyond the lexicon 20
1.4.1 Flexibility and levels of grammatical analysis 20
1.4.2 Zero-marked (re-)categorization: approaches to conversion 21
1.4.3 Flexibility and functional transparency 23
1.4.4 Summary 26
1.5 This volume 26
2 Parts-of-speech systems as a basic typological determinant 31
Kees Hengeveld
2.1 Introduction 31
2.2 Flexibility, rigidity, and the parts-of-speech hierarchy 32
2.3 Four sets of predictions 37
2.4 Identifiability 38
2.4.1 Introduction 38
2.4.2 Clause 38
24.3 Phrase 40
2.4.4 Summary of correlations 41
2.5 Integrity 41
2.6 Unity 43
2.6.1 Introduction 43
2.6.2 Morphological subclasses 43
2.6.3 Semantic subclasses 44
2.6.4 Correlations 45
Contents
2.7 Pervasiveness 46
2.7.1 Introduction 46
2.7.2 Levels of analysis 46
2.7.3 Further functions 49
2.7.4 Correlations 49
2.8 Conclusions 50
2.9 Appendix: Samples used in the studies reported on in this chapter 52
3 Derivation and categorization in flexible and differentiated languages 56
Jan Don and Eva van Lier
3.1 Introduction 56
3.2 Categorization and interpretation 57
3.3 Kharia 61
3.3.1 Flexible simple roots in Kharia 61
3.3.2 Flexible derived roots in Kharia 63
3.3.3 Flexible multiple-root phrases in Kharia 65
3.3.4 Flexible nominalizations in Kharia 66
3.3.5 Summary 69
3.4 Tagalog 69
3.4.1 Lexical and syntactic zero-derivation in Tagalog 69
3.4.2 Voice-marked forms in Tagalog 72
3.4.3 Gerunds in Tagalog 74
34.4 Summary 76
3.5 Samoan 77
3.5.1 Lexical and syntactic (zero-)derivation in Samoan 77
3.5.2 Overt lexical and syntactic derivation in Samoan 80
3.5.3 Summary 84
3.6 A differentiated language: Dutch 84
3.7 Discussion and conclusions 87
4 Riau Indonesian: a language without nouns and verbs 89
David Gil
4.1 The English dual 89
4.2 Riau Indonesian 91
4.3 Nouns and verbs, and what it means not to have them 92
4.4 Seeking different distributional privileges for thing and activity
expressions 95
4.4.1 Standing alone as a complete sentence 95
4.4.2 Occurring in coordination with each other 97
4.4.3 Occurring in construction with existentials 98
4.4.4 Occurring in construction with topic markers 99
Contents vii
4.4.5 Occurring in construction with adpositions 100
4.4.6 Occurring in construction with demonstratives 101
4.4.7 Occurring in construction with distributive universal quantifiers 102
4.4.8 Occurring in construction with tense/aspect markers 103
4.4.9 Occurring in construction with yang 105
4.4.10 Occurring in construction with different negative markers 108
4.4.11 Interim summary 111
4.5 Bidirectionality, compositionality and exhaustiveness 111
4.5.1 Bidirectionality 112
4.5.2 Compositionality 112
4.5.3 Exhaustiveness 115
4.5.4 Interim summary 121
4.6 Riau Indonesian in typological perspective 122
4.7 Conclusion 130
Acknowledgements 130
5 Parts of speech in Kharia: a formal account 131
John Peterson
5.1 Introduction 131
5.2 Kharia: a brief overview 132
5.2.1 General introduction 132
5.2.2 TAM/Person- and Case-syntagmas 136
5.2.3 The structure of the Case-syntagma 138
5.2.4 The structure of the (finite) TAM/Person-syntagma 142
5.2.5 TAM/Person- and Case-syntagmas in Kharia: a summary 144
5.3 A formal account 146
5.3.1 Co-heads 147
5.3.2 Words revisited: the question of lexical integrity 148
5.3.3 The Case-syntagma 151
5.3.4 The TAM/Person-syntagma 156
5.4 Summary and outlook 165
6 Proper names, predicates, and the parts-of-speech system of Santali 169
Felix Rau
6.1 Introduction 169
6.2 Previous accounts 170
6.2.1 The flexibility analysis 170
6.2.2 The analysis of Evans and Osada (2005) 171
6.3 Arguments and predicates in Santali 171
6.3.1 Main predicate position 172
6.3.2 Argument position 174
6.4 Nominal sentences 175
viii Contents
6.5 Predicate position and proper names 179
6.6 Conclusion 184
7 Unidirectional flexibility and the noun-verb distinction in Lushootseed 185
David Beck
7.1 Introduction 185
7.2 Flexibility in parts-of-speech systems 187
7.3 Unidirectional flexibility: noun and verb in Lushootseed 191
7.3.1 Neutralization in predicate position 193
7.3.2 Contrastive behaviour in argument position 199
7.3.3 Unidirectional flexibility in the Salishan lexicon 212
7.4 Omnipredicative and precategorial languages 213
8 Lexical categories in Gooniyandi, Kimberley, Western Australia 221
William B. McGregor
8.1 Introduction 221
8.1.1 Background 221
8.1.2 Problems with the received construal of parts of speech 222
8.1.3 Aims and organization of paper 224
8.2 Parts-of-speech categories in Gooniyandi 224
8.2.1 McGregor s (1990) characterization of Gooniyandi parts of speech 224
8.2.2 Revision and extension: Gooniyandi parts of speech in an
SG framework 229
8.2.3 Concluding remarks 242
8.3 The vague semantics of lexemes in Gooniyandi 243
8.4 Conclusions 245
9 Jack of all trades: the Sri Lanka Malay flexible adjective 247
Sebastian Nordhoff
9.1 Introduction 247
9.2 Sri Lanka Malay 248
9.3 Structuralist approach 249
9.3.1 Verbs 249
9.3.2 Nouns 251
9.3.3 Adjectives 253
9.3.4 Summary 258
9.4 Semantic correlates of the word classes 259
9.5 Functional approach 260
9.5.1 The verb 263
9.5.2 The noun 263
9.5.3 The Flexible Adjective 264
9.5.4 Summary 266
Contents ix
9.6 Diachrony of parts-of-speech systems 266
9.6.1 Specialization and generalization 266
9.6.2 Diachrony of the Sri Lanka Malay parts-of-speech system 267
9.6.3 Language contact 269
9.6.4 The cognitive factor: time stability 271
9.6.5 Comparison with other flexible languages 272
9.7 Conclusion 274
10 Word class systems between flexibility and rigidity: an integrative
approach 275
Walter Bisang
10.1 Introduction 275
10.2 Late Archaic Chinese: an LFLEXIBlE language whose G parameter
cannot be addressed 278
10.2.1 Precategoriality in Late Archaic Chinese 278
10.2.2 A short sketch of the history of approaches to parts of speech
in Late Archaic Chinese 283
10.2.3 Late Archaic Chinese between type 1 (LPI.EXIBLE/GPLEX,BlE) and
type 2 (Lnexibie/GRjgid) 286
10.3 The G parameter and morphology in Khmer 288
10.4 Parts-of-speech distinctions in LHIGID/GRIGID languages: the case
of Classical Náhuatl and Tagalog 295
10.4.1 Classical Náhuatl as an omnipredicative language 295
10.4.2 Tagalog: a type 4 language with a noun-based predicative
morphology 299
10.5 Conclusion 302
References 304
Index of authors 323
Index of languages 327
Index of subjects 330
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