Medieval copper smelting in the Harz Mountains, Germany:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bochum
Dt. Bergbau-Museum
2012
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Bergbau-Museum Bochum
191 Montanregion Harz 10 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Kapitel teilw. engl., teilw. dt. - Zsfassung in dt. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 396 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783937203638 393720363X |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804150464849117184 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
VORWORT 11
1 THEOPHILUS UND DIE MITTELALTERLICHE VERHTITTUNGSTECHNOFOGIE 15
1.1 ERSTER NAMENTLICH BEKANNTER KIINSTLER DES 12. JAHRHUNDERTS 15 1.1.1
FRAGEN 17
1.1.2 FUNDE UND METHODEN 18
1.1.3 PROZESSREKONSTRUKTION 21
1.1.4 THEOPHILUS 27
1.1.5 SAIGERHIITTENPROZESS ODER NICHT? 29
2 INTRODUCTION 31
2.1 SOME INTRODUCTORY REMARKS ON THE HISTORY OF THE REGION 31
2.2 AIMS AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS 33
3 PREREQUISITES FOR METALLURGICAL ACTIVITIES IN THE HARZ MOUNTAINS 37
3.1 GEOLOGICAL HISTORY 37
3.1.1 ORE GEOLOGY 38
3.2 RAMMELSBERG 39
3.2.1 FORMATION OF THE DEPOSIT 40
3.2.2 ORE GRADES . 41
3.2.3 ORE MINERALS 44
3.2.4 GANGUE MINERALS 46
3.2.5 MINOR AND TRACE ELEMENTS AND ELEMENT RATIOS 46
3.3 OBER-AND MITTELHARZER GANGE ; 48
3.3.1 FORMATION OF THE DEPOSITS 48
3.3.2 ORE MINERALS 49
3.3.3 GANGUE MINERALS 50
3.3.4 MINOR AND TRACE ELEMENTS 50
3.4 FORESTS AS FUEL RESOURCES 51
3.4.1 IUS VILTBAN - ROYAL FORESTS AS FUEL RESOURCE 51
4 FUNDAMENTALS OF NON-FERROUS METALLURGY 53
4.1 FUNDAMENTALS OF METALLURGY . 53
4.2 METALLURGICAL PROCESSES AND THEIR MATERIALS 54
4.2.1 ROASTING 54
4.2.2 MATTE 55
4.2.3 SPEISS, SPEISSE OR SPEISE 58
4.2.4 SMELTING 58
4.2.5 LIQUATION 61
4.2.6 CUPELLATION 62
IMAGE 2
CONTENTS
4.2.7 LITHARGE 62
4.2.8 ALLOYS, SOLID SOLUTIONS AND INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS 62
METHODS 65
5.1 APPROACH 65
5.2 SCIENTIFIC ANALYSES 65
5.3 SAMPLE PREPARATION 66
5.3.1 POLISHED BLOCKS FOR SEM, OM AND XRF 67
5.3.2 XRF POWDER PELLETS 67
5.4 OPTICAL MICROSCOPY 68
5.4.1 SCIENTIFIC IMAGE PROCESSING AND THE QUANTIFICATION OF PHASES . ..
69 5.5 METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR POWDER PELLET ANALYSIS WITH (P)ED-XRF 71
5.5.1 XRF METHODS FOR BULK CHEMICAL ANALYSES 73
5.6 QUENCHED BEADS FOR EPMA-WDS 74
5.7 PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 81
5.7.1 PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRON PROBE MICRO ANALYSIS EPMA-WDS 83 5.7.2 MASS
QUANTITATION AND MATRIX CORRECTION 84
5.7.3 CONSTRAINTS OF SEM-EDS MEASUREMENTS 89
5.8 ELEMENTAL MAPPING AND THE BULK CHEMISTRY OF HETEROGENEOUS METALS .
.. 92 5.9 DATA QUALITY 95
5.9.1 REFERENCE MATERIALS 95
5.9.2 NORMALISATION OR NOT? 99
5.9.3 CORROSION OF SLAGS 99
5.10 APPLICABILITY OF LEAD ISOTOPE RATIOS 103
5.10.1 LEAD ISOTOPE MEASUREMENT CONDITIONS 104
MEDIEVAL HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY 105
6.1 THE 12 LTL CENTURY 106
6.2 HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE 107
6.2.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF MONEY 108
6.2.2 OTTOMAN MINTS AND SAXONY S ECONOMIC RISE 109
6.2.3 WHEN DID THE MINING BEGIN? 112
6.2.4 HOME OF THE GERMAN KINGS AND EMPERORS 115
6.3 WHO IS IN CONTROL? 118
6.3.1 VOGTEI GOSLAR-AN APPLE OF DISCORD 118
6.3.2 UNIVERSITATIS MONTANORUM IN GOSLARIA 120
6.3.3 GOSLAR - A CENTRE FOR THE METAL TRADE 122
6.3.4 ALBCRIUS MAGNUS AND THEOPHILIUS PRESBYTER 123
6.4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE 124
6.4.1 FURNACES OF THE HARZ MOUNTAIN S HIGH MEDIEVAL PERIOD 128 6.4.2
STRUCTURAL FEATURES 131
6.4.3 WESTERN FURNACE 132
6.4.4 CENTRAL FURNACE 135
6.4.5 EASTERN FURNACE 138
6.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 142
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS
7 RESULTS 147
7.1 ORE 147
7.1.1 COPPER ORE FIND IDS 75 AND 3267 148
7.1.2 FIND IDS 3548, 3088, 3551 AND 63 149
7.1.3 FINDID65 151
7.1.4 GEOLOGICAL COMPARATIVE ORE SAMPLES 151
7.1.5 FAHLORES AND BULK SILVER CONCENTRATION 155
7.1.6 IRON, ARSENIC AND PYRITE 159
7.1.7 SPHALERITE 159
7.1.8 SUMMARY 160
7.2 CLAY, BRASQUE, DIABASE AND SOIL 160
7.3 SLAG 163
7.3.1 DESCRIPTION OF SLAG FINDS FROM THE EASTERN FURNACE 168
7.3.2 SUMMARY 170
7.3.3 DESCRIPTION OF SLAG FINDS FROM THE CENTRAL FURNACE 171
7.3.4 SUMMARY 174
7.3.5 DESCRIPTION OF SLAG FINDS FROM THE WESTERN FURNACE 174
7.3.6 SUMMARY 175
7.4 MATTE 176
7.4.1 MATTE OF THE EASTERN FURNACE 178
7.4.2 MATTE OF THE CENTRAL FURNACE 182
7.4.3 MATTE FROM THE WESTERN FURNACE 187
7.4.4 MATTE BULK CHEMISTRY 191
7.5 METAL 194
7.5.1 METAL SAMPLES FROM THE EASTERN FURNACE 196
7.5.2 METAL SAMPLES FROM THE CENTRAL FURNACE 200
7.5.3 METAI FROM THE WESTERN FURNACE 209
7.6 LITHARGE 212
7.6.1 LITHARGE AT THE CENTRAL FURNACE 215
7.6.2 LITHARGE FROM THE WESTERN FURNACE 218
7.7 LEAD ISOTOPE RATIOS 222
8 DISCUSSION, INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS 225
8.1 ORE OR ORES? 225
8.1.1 SOURCES OF LEAD, ANTIMONY AND SILVER 230
8.2 ZINC SULPHIDE PHASE 231
8.3 SLAG AND MATTE 236
8.3.1 SLAG AND MATTE AT THE EASTERN FURNACE 236
8.3.2 SLAG AND MATTE AT THE CENTRAL FURNACE 237
8.3.3 SLAG AND MATTE AT THE WESTERN FURNACE 239
8.3.4 COMPARISON OF ALL SLAG FINDS 239
8.4 METAL 243
8.4.1 METAL AT THE EASTERN FURNACE 243
8.4.2 METAL AND LITHARGE AT THE CENTRAL FURNACE 244
8.4.3 LITHARGE AT THE WESTERN FURNACE 244
8.4.4 COMPARISON OF THE A-COPPER 244
IMAGE 4
8 CONTENTS
8.5 FUNCTION OF FURNACES 246
8.5.1 FUNCTION AND USAGE OF THE EASTERN FURNACE 246
8.5.2 FUNCTION AND USAGE OF THE CENTRAL FURNACE 247
8.5.3 FUNCTION AND USAGE OF THE WESTERN FURNACE 247
8.6 PROCESS HYPOTHESIS 248
8.6.1 PROCESS INTERPRETATION 248
8.6.2 OF RAW MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS 250
8.6.3 GROSS METAL OUTPUT 25 I
8.7 CONCLUSION 253
9 THOUGHTS 255
9.1 WHAT SLAG TELLS US-AND WHAT IT DOESN T 255
9.2 WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED FROM THIS SITE? 256
9.3 FUTURE STUDIES 256
9.4 SOME PERSONAL AFTERTHOUGHTS 257
A SOURCES AND TRANSLATIONS 259
A. 1 THEOPHILUS, CHAPTER 63 DE CUPRO 259
A.2 THEOPHILUS, CHAPTER 68 DE PURFICATIONE CUPRI 260
A.3 THEOPHILUS, CHAPTER 23 DE PURFICANDO ARGENTO 261
B THERMODYMAMICS 263
C PHASE IDENTIFICATION 265
C.I ABBREVIATIONS 265
C.2 ZINC SULPHIDE (ZN,FE,CU)S 265
C.3 SULPHATES: ANGLESITE, BARYTE, ANHYDRITE 269
C.3.1 CORROSION OR PRECIPITATION FROM MELT? 270
C.4 CORING AND SPEISS AT THE EASTERN FURNACE 273
C.5 SILVER ANTIMONIDE 275
C.6 LEAD ANTIMONATE 276
C.7 TENORITE 277
C.8 WILLEMITE AND FAYALITC 277
C.9 MAGNETITES AND OTHER SPINELS 280
CIO LEUCITE 280
C.LL ISCORITE 281
D PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION 283
D. 1 ARCHAEOLGICAL EXCAVATION 283
D.2 MICROGRAPHS 295
D.3 METAL AND LITHARGE 311
E ELEMENT MAPS 317
E.I ELEMENT MAPS AND EPMA-WDS LINE SCANS 317
E.2 EASTERN FURNACE 317
E.3 CENTRAL FURNACE 324
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS 9
F DATA TABLES 331
G PHASE DIAGRAMS 353
H REFERENCE MATERIALS 359
H.I USED STANDARDS 359
LIST OF FIGURES 365
LIST OF TABLES 371
BIBLIOGRAPHY 375
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Asmus, Bastian |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1030211647 |
| author_facet | Asmus, Bastian |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Asmus, Bastian |
| author_variant | b a ba |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041089414 |
| classification_rvk | NW 3000 ZK 2900 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)828198978 (DE-599)DNB1030113076 |
| dewey-full | 622.34309431827 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 622 - Mining and related operations |
| dewey-raw | 622.34309431827 |
| dewey-search | 622.34309431827 |
| dewey-sort | 3622.34309431827 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Bergbau / Hüttenwesen Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1100-1200 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1100-1200 |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV041089414 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:39:21Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783937203638 393720363X |
| language | English German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026066033 |
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| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-83 DE-188 DE-210 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| physical | 396 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 24 cm |
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| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
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| publisher | Dt. Bergbau-Museum |
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| series | Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Bergbau-Museum Bochum Montanregion Harz |
| series2 | Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Bergbau-Museum Bochum Montanregion Harz |
| spelling | Asmus, Bastian Verfasser (DE-588)1030211647 aut Medieval copper smelting in the Harz Mountains, Germany Bastian Asmus Bochum Dt. Bergbau-Museum 2012 396 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Bergbau-Museum Bochum 191 Montanregion Harz 10 Kapitel teilw. engl., teilw. dt. - Zsfassung in dt. Sprache Zugl.: Diss. Geschichte 1100-1200 gnd rswk-swf Hüttenindustrie (DE-588)4160760-0 gnd rswk-swf Kupfergewinnung (DE-588)4166113-8 gnd rswk-swf Rammelsberg (DE-588)4116901-3 gnd rswk-swf Harz (DE-588)4023568-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Harz (DE-588)4023568-3 g Rammelsberg (DE-588)4116901-3 g Kupfergewinnung (DE-588)4166113-8 s Hüttenindustrie (DE-588)4160760-0 s Geschichte 1100-1200 z DE-604 Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Bergbau-Museum Bochum 191 (DE-604)BV021607779 191 Montanregion Harz 10 (DE-604)BV035419919 10 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026066033&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Asmus, Bastian Medieval copper smelting in the Harz Mountains, Germany Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Bergbau-Museum Bochum Montanregion Harz Hüttenindustrie (DE-588)4160760-0 gnd Kupfergewinnung (DE-588)4166113-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4160760-0 (DE-588)4166113-8 (DE-588)4116901-3 (DE-588)4023568-3 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Medieval copper smelting in the Harz Mountains, Germany |
| title_auth | Medieval copper smelting in the Harz Mountains, Germany |
| title_exact_search | Medieval copper smelting in the Harz Mountains, Germany |
| title_full | Medieval copper smelting in the Harz Mountains, Germany Bastian Asmus |
| title_fullStr | Medieval copper smelting in the Harz Mountains, Germany Bastian Asmus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Medieval copper smelting in the Harz Mountains, Germany Bastian Asmus |
| title_short | Medieval copper smelting in the Harz Mountains, Germany |
| title_sort | medieval copper smelting in the harz mountains germany |
| topic | Hüttenindustrie (DE-588)4160760-0 gnd Kupfergewinnung (DE-588)4166113-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Hüttenindustrie Kupfergewinnung Rammelsberg Harz Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026066033&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV021607779 (DE-604)BV035419919 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT asmusbastian medievalcoppersmeltingintheharzmountainsgermany |