International maritime security law:
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Leiden [u.a.]
Nijhoff
2013
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXI, 939 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789004233560 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a International maritime security law |c by James Kraska and Raul Pedrozo |
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Titel: International maritime security law
Autor: Kraska, James
Jahr: 2013
CONTENTS
List of Tables . xxiii
List of Annexes and Appendices . xxv
Chapter One Introduction to Maritime Security Law . 1
1.1 Introduction . 1
1.2 What is "Maritime Security Law"? . 5
1.2.1 The Protean Nature of Maritime Security Law . 7
1.2.2 The Influence of Law on Sea Power . 11
1.2.3 Influence of Law on Maritime Security . 12
1.3 Building a Public Order of the Oceans . 15
1.3.1 From Westphalia to Montego Bay . 16
1.3.2 Building a Global Maritime Partnership . 19
1.4 Conclusion . 23
Chapter Two American Maritime Security Policy and Strategy . 25
2.1 Introduction . 25
2.2 U.S. Maritime Security Policy . 27
2.3 National Strategy for Maritime Security . 30
2.4 National Strategy for Global Supply Chain Security . 33
2.5 U.S. Maritime Strategy for Homeland Security . 35
2.6 Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Sea Power . 36
2.6.1 Naval Operations Concept . 38
2.6.2 Expeditionary Sea Power . 40
2.6.3 Pivot to Asia and the Air-Sea Battle Concept . 42
Chapter Three European Maritime Strategy and Policy . 47
3.1 North Atlantic Treaty Organization . 47
3.1.1 NATO Alliance Maritime Strategy . 49
3.1.1.1 Collective Defense . 50
Vi CONTENTS
3.1.1.2 Crisis Management . 50
3.1.1.3 Cooperative Security . 51
3.1.1.4 Maritime Security Operations . 52
a. Nato Maritime Organization . 53
b. Operation Active Endeavor . 54
c. Ocean Shield: Counter-piracy . 55
3.1.1.5 Promotion of International Law . 57
3.2 European Union . 58
3.2.1 Blue Book-Integrated Maritime Policy . 62
3.2.1.1 Maritime Surveillance . 62
3.2.1.2 Naval Capabilities . 64
3.2.1.3 Anti-piracy Operations . 64
3.2.1.4 A Security Strategy for the Global Maritime
Domain . 66
3.3 Chiefs of European Navies Maritime Operational Concept . 66
3.4 U.K. Future Maritime Operational Concept . 70
Chapter Four Peacetime Zones and Control Measures . 75
4.1 Temporary Suspension of Innocent Passage . 75
4.2 Onshore Installation Safety Zones . 76
4.2.1 IMO Safety Zones . 78
4.2.2 U.S. Safety Zones . 82
4.2.3 U.K. Safety Zones . 84
4.3 World-Wide Navigational Warning Service . 85
4.3.1 U.S. Navigational Warnings . 88
4.3.1.1 HYDROPAC: Strait of Hormuz-Iranian Naval
Exercises . 88
4.3.1.2 HYDROLANT: Mediterranean Sea-Hazardous
Operations . 89
4.3.1.3 Special Warning: Cuba . 90
4.3.1.4 Special Warning: Papua New Guinea-Political
Unrest . 90
4.3.1.5 Special Warning: Morocco-Aggressive Maritime
Enforcement . 91
4.3.1.6 Special Warning: Persian Gulf-UN Security
Council Enforcement Action . 91
4.3.1.7 Special Warning: Sri Lanka-Combating Terrorist
Threats . 92
4.3.1.8 Special Warning: Yemen-Threats to U.S. Citizens 93
4.3.1.9 Special Warning: Iran-Danger to Shipping . 93
4.3.1.10 Special Warning: Sierra Leone-Dangerous Port . 94
4.3.1.11 Special Warning: United States-Worldwide
Defensive Measures . 94
CONTENTS Vii
4.3.1.12 Special Warning: Persian Gulf-Military
Operations . 95
4.3.1.13 Special Warning: East Africa-Terrorist Threat . 96
4.3.1.14 Special Warning: Yemen-Terrorist Threat . 96
4.3.1.15 Special Warning: Somalia-Piracy . 97
4.3.2 U.S. Maritime Administration Advisories . 97
4.3.2.1 Reporting Terrorist Incidents . 98
4.3.2.2 Regional Terrorist and Piracy Threat . 98
4.3.2.3 Vessels Transiting High Risk Waters (HRW)-
Maritime Piracy . 99
4.3.2.4 Japan Tsunami Radiological Threat and Debris
Field . 102
4.4 Aeronautical Information Services . 103
4.4.1 ICAO Aeronautical Information Service . 103
4.4.2 U.S. Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) . 105
Chapter Five Marine Environmental Protection and Control Measures . 113
5.1 The Marine Environment . 113
5.1.1 Evolution of Marine Environmental Law . 113
5.1.2 Framework Agreements to Protect the Marine
Environment . 116
5.2 Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas . 117
5.2.1 Western Europe PSSA and the 2005 Guidelines . 121
5.2.2 Malpelo Island PSSA (Colombia)-Regulation without
Protection . 126
5.2.3 Baltic Sea Area PSSA-Regulation without Concurrence . 130
5.2.4 Papahanaumokuakea PSSA (United States)-Regulation
without Need . 131
5.2.5 Mid-Pacific Ocean National Monuments (United States) . 135
5.3 Ships' Routeing, Vessel Traffic Services, and Ships' Reporting . 137
5.4 Mandatory Ship Reporting (United States) . 141
5.5 Marine Mammals . 146
5.5.1 Natural Resources Defense Council v. Winter (Sonar
Litigation) . 147
5.5.2 Navy Mitigation Measures during Sonar Operations . 151
Chapter Six U.S. Safety and Security Zones and Airspace Control
Measures . 155
6.1 Introduction to U.S. Zones . 155
6.2 Jurisdiction over the Navigable Waters of the United States . 156
6.2.1 Ports and Waterways Safety Act . 156
6.2.2 Presidential Proclamation No. 5928 . 157
6.3 Safety Zones . 160
viii CONTENTS
6.4 Security Zones . 162
6.4.1 Regulated Navigation Areas and Restricted Waterfront
Areas . 165
6.4.1.1 Naval Vessel Protection Zones . 165
6.4.1.2 Restricted Areas and Danger Zones . 168
a. Pacific Ocean, Hawaii; danger zones . 169
b. Pacific Ocean, Island of Oahu, Hawaii; danger
zone . 169
c. Pacific Ocean at Barber's Point, Island of Oahu,
Hawaii; danger zone . 170
d. Pacific Ocean at Keahi Point, Island of Oahu,
Hawaii; danger zone. 170
e. Kaneohe Bay, Island of Oahu, Hawaii-Ulupau
Crater Weapons Training Range; danger zone . 170
f. Pacific Ocean at Barking Sands, Island of Kauai,
Hawaii; missile range facility . 171
g. Pacific Ocean, at Barbers Point, Island of Oahu,
Hawaii; restricted area . 172
h. Pacific Ocean, at Makapuu Point, Waimanalo,
Island of Oahu, Hawaii, Makai Undersea Test
Range . 172
6.4.1.3 Naval Defensive Sea Areas and Naval Airspace
Reservations . 173
6.4.1.4 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands . 175
6.4.2 Airspace Control Measures . 178
6.4.2.1 Air Defense Identification Zone . 178
6.4.2.2 Special Use Airspace . 181
a. Prohibited Areas . 181
b. Restricted Areas . 181
c. Warning Areas . 182
d. Military Operation Areas . 182
e. Alert Areas . 183
f. Controlled Firing Areas . 183
g. National Security Areas . 183
Chapter Seven Sea Power, Grand Strategy, and Freedom of the Seas . 185
7.1 Seapower and Grand Strategy . 185
7.1.1 Littoral Regions . 186
7.1.2 Global System . 187
7.1.3 Freedom of the Seas in the Early Modern Period . 189
7.1.4 Freedom of the Seas in the World Wars and the Cold War 191
7.1.5 Freedom of the Seas, the Law of the Sea, and U.S. Policy . 196
7.2 U.S. Freedom of Navigation Program . 201
CONTENTS ix
Chapter Eight Freedom of Navigation in the Law of the Sea . 215
8.1 Baselines . 216
8.2 Internal Waters . 217
8.3 Territorial Sea . 218
8.4 Straits Used for International Navigation . 219
8.4.1 Corfu Channel Case . 219
8.4.2 The Straits Regime in UNCLOS . 222
8.4.3 Types of Straits Used for International Navigation . 224
8.4.3.1 Geographic Straits . 224
8.4.3.2 Long-standing Conventions . 225
8.4.3.3 Route of Similar Convenience . 226
8.4.3.4 Island Forming a Strait (Route of Similar
Convenience) . 227
8.4.3.5 Archipelagic Straits . 227
8.4.3.6 Dead-end Straits . 228
8.4.4 Transit Passage in the Approaches to the Strait . 229
8.4.5 Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage . 230
8.4.5.1 Indonesia . 231
8.5 Contiguous Zone . 232
8.6 Exclusive Economic Zone . 233
8.6.1 Coastal State Competence in the EEZ . 234
8.7 Continental Shelf . 241
8.8 High Seas . 242
Chapter Nine Excessive Maritime Claims: Territorial Seas, Straits,
and Archipelagos . 243
9.1 Introduction . 243
9.2 Illegal Straight Baselines . 246
9.2.1 Libya's "Line of Death" in the Gulf of Sirte . 247
9.3 Excessive Claims over the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone . 252
9.3.1 Black Sea Bumping Incident . 255
9.3.2 Jackson Hole Agreement . 258
9.4 Excessive Claims over Straits Used for International Navigation . 259
9.4.1 Strait of Hainan . 261
9.4.2 Head Harbor Passage . 261
9.4.3 Northwest Passage . 262
9.4.4 Torres Strait. 264
9.4.5 Strait of Hormuz . 269
9.5 Excessive Claims over Archipelagic Sea Lanes . 270
9.5.1 Indonesia's 1960s Archipelagic Claims . 271
9.5.2 The Philippines . 273
9.5.3 Maldives . 275
X CONTENTS
Chapter Ten Security Claims in the Exclusive Economic Zone . 277
10.1 Security Claims in the Exclusive Economic Zone . 277
10.2 China's Oceans Law and the EEZ . 279
10.3 North Korea's Military Zone . 283
10.4 Military Activities in the EEZ . 284
10.4.1 Marine Data Collection . 285
10.4.2 International Airspace of the EEZ . 289
10.4.2.1 Peruvian Attack on a U.S. C-130 State Aircraft
(1992) . 289
10.4.2.2 Chinese Collision with a U.S. EP-3 State
Aircraft (2001) . 290
10.4.2.2.1 Law of the Sea . 291
10.4.2.2.2 Aviation Law . 292
10.4.2.3 State Aircraft Sovereign Immunity . 293
10.4.2.4 Schooner Exchange . 294
10.4.2.5 Military Interception of Civil Aircraft in
International Airspace . 296
10.4.2.5.1 U.S. Practice . 299
10.4.3 "Peaceful Purposes" . 304
10.4.4 Offshore Environmental Regulation as Maritime Strategy . 309
Chapter Eleven Flashpoint: South China Sea . 313
11.1 The Political Seascape and Regional Stability . 313
11.1.1 Chinese Maritime Claims . 315
11.1.1.1 The U-Shaped Line (The "Cow Tongue") . 316
11.1.1.2 Sansha City . 318
11.1.1.3 Regional Reaction to China's Claims . 319
11.1.2 Vietnam's Maritime Claims . 321
11.1.3 The Philippines' Maritime Claims . 325
11.1.4 ASEAN and the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties . 330
11.2 American Security Relationships and the South China Sea . 334
11.2.1 U.S.-Philippine Cooperation . 340
11.2.2 U.S.-Australian Cooperation . 348
11.2.3 U.S.-New Zealand Cooperation . 351
11.2.4 Trans-Pacific Partnership . 353
Chapter Twelve Securing the Marine Transportation System . 355
12.1 Threats to International Ship and Port Facility Security . 355
12.1.1 Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea . 358
12.1.2 Maritime Terrorism . 358
12.1.3 Cargo Tampering, Sabotage, or Theft . 359
12.1.4 Smuggling of Contraband . 359
12.1.5 Illegal Migrants, Stowaways, Refugees, and Asylum
Seekers . 359
CONTENTS Xi
12.1.6 Environmental Extremists . 359
12.1.7 Weather and Natural Disasters . 360
12.1.8 Accidents . 360
12.1.9 Organized Labor Activities and Labor Violence . 360
12.2 The Law of the Sea and the IMO . 362
12.3 Exclusive Flag State Jurisdiction . 365
12.3.1 SOLAS . 368
12.3.2 Load Lines . 372
12.3.3 MARPOL . 373
12.3.4 STCW . 373
12.3.5 TONNAGE 69 . 374
12.3.6 IMO Member State Audit Scheme . 375
12.3.7 ILO Instruments . 376
12.4 The ISPS Code . 378
12.4.1 Special Measures . 385
12.4.2 Security Levels . 387
12.4.3 Declaration of Security . 389
12.4.4 Security Plans for Port Facilities and Ships . 392
12.4.5 Interagency Government Coordination . 393
12.4.6 Regional Organizations . 395
12.4.7 Recognized Security Organizations . 395
12.4.8 Government Oversight and Enforcement . 397
12.5 Maritime Domain Awareness . 399
12.5.1 U.S. Maritime Domain Awareness Policy . 400
12.5.2 Automatic Identification System . 404
12.5.3 Long-Range Identification and Tracking . 408
Chapter Thirteen Port and Port Facility Security . 411
13.1 Ports in the Global Transportation System . 411
13.2 Port State Control . 416
13.2.1 IMO Protocols . 418
13.2.2 Port State Regional MoUs . 423
13.2.2.1 Paris MoU . 424
13.2.2.2 Acuerdo de Vina del Mar . 424
13.2.2.3 Tokyo MoU . 425
13.2.2.4 Caribbean MoU . 425
13.2.2.5 Mediterranean MoU . 425
13.2.2.6 Indian Ocean MoU . 426
13.2.2.7 Abuja MoU . 427
13.2.2.8 Black Sea MoU . 427
13.2.2.9 Riyadh MoU . 427
13.2.2.10 PERSGA . 428
13.2.3 US. Port State Control . 429
Xii CONTENTS
13.3 Port Facility Security . 434
13.3.1 Designated Authority . 436
13.3.2 Declaration of Security . 436
13.3.3 Port Facility Security Officer . 438
13.3.4 Port Facility Security Plan . 439
13.3.5 Port Facility Security Level . 442
13.3.5.1 Port Access . 443
13.3.5.2 Restricted Areas within the Port Facility . 444
13.3.5.3 Cargo Handling . 445
13.3.5.4 Delivery of Ships'Stores . 446
13.3.5.4.1 Security Level 1 . 446
13.3.5.4.2 Security Level 2 . 447
13.3.5.4.3 Security Level 3 . 447
13.3.5.5 Monitoring the Port Facility . 448
13.3.6 Port Facility Security Assessment . 449
13.4 Port State Control Certifications and Documents . 451
13.5 Questionnaire for Designated Authorities . 452
13.6 Security Checklist for Port Facility Operators . 455
13.6.1 Guidance for Port Facility Operators . 456
13.6.1.1 Performance of Port Facility Security Duties . 456
Part A . 456
Part B . 457
13.6.1.2 Controlling Access to the Port Facility . 458
Part A . 458
Part B . 458
13.6.1.3 Monitoring of the Port Facility, Anchoring and
Berthing Area . 459
Part A . 459
Part B . 459
13.6.1.4 Monitoring of Restricted Areas . 460
Part A . 460
Part B Establishment of Restricted Areas . 460
Part C Security Measures . 461
13.6.1.5 Supervising the Handling of Cargo . 462
Part A . 462
Part B . 462
13.6.1.6 Supervising the Handling of Ship's Stores . 463
Part A . 463
Part B Ship's Stores Security Measures . 463
13.6.1.7 Communications Security . 464
Part A . 464
Part B Effectiveness and Protection of
Communications . 464
CONTENTS Xiii
13.6.1.8 Training, Drills, and Exercises . 464
Part A . 464
Part B Training, Drills, and Exercises . 465
13.6.1.9 Miscellaneous . 465
Part B . 465
Chapter Fourteen Ship and Ship Operator Security . 467
14.1 Shipping Company Responsibilities . 467
14.1.1 Applicability of IMO Maritime Security Measures . 467
14.1.2 Alternative Security Agreements . 468
14.1.3 Equivalent Security Agreements . 470
14.2 Checklist for Shipping Companies . 471
14.2.1 Checklist . 471
14.2.1.1 Continuous Synopsis Record . 471
14.2.1.2 Ship Security Alert System . 471
14.2.1.3 Master's Discretion for Ship Safety and Security . 472
14.2.1.4 Obligations of the Company . 472
Part A Obligations of the Company . 472
Part B Obligations of the Company . 473
14.2.1.5 Control and Compliance Measures . 473
14.2.1.6 Verification and Certification for Ships . 474
Part A Verification and Certification for Ships 474
14.2.1.7 Ship Security Assessment . 474
Part A Ship Security Assessment . 474
Part B Company Security Officer
Requirements to Conduct an
Assessment . 475
Part C Content of the Ship Security
Assessment. 476
14.2.1.8 Ship Security Plan . 477
Part A Ship Security Plan. 478
PartB Content of the Ship Security Plan . 479
14.2.1.9 Records . 479
Part A Records . 479
14.2.1.10 Company Security Officer . 480
Part A Company Security Officer . 480
14.2.1.11 Training, Drills, and Exercises on Ship Security . 481
Part A Training, Drills, and Exercises . 481
Part B Training, Drills, and Exercises . 481
14.2.1.12 Information and Cooperation (Best Practice) . 482
14.3 Ship Security . 482
14.3.1 Ship Security Levels . 482
14.3.2 Declarations of Security . 483
Xiv CONTENTS
14.3.3 Model Declaration of Security for a Ship-to-Ship
Interface . 484
14.3.4 Ship Security Personnel . 486
14.3.4.1 Company Security Officers . 486
14.3.4.2 Ship Security Officers . 487
14.3.5 Ship Security Alert Systems . 488
14.3.6 Ship Security Assessments . 489
14.3.7 Ship Security Plans . 490
14.3.8 Responding to Requests to Board the Ship in Port or at
Sea . 494
14.3.9 Vessel Pre-arrival Information . 496
14.3.9.1 Ship and Contact Details . 496
14.3.9.2 Port and Port Facility Information . 497
14.3.9.3 Information Required by SOLAS Regulation
XI-2/9.2.1 . 497
14.3.9.4 Other Security-related Information . 498
14.3.9.5 Agent of the Ship at the Intended Port of
Arrival . 498
14.3.9.6 Identification of the Person Providing the
Information . 499
14.3.10 The International Ship Security Certificate . 499
14.3.11 Checklist for Flag State Administrations . 500
14.4 Checklist for Ship Security Personnel . 503
14.4.1 Basic Information for Ship Security Personnel. 503
14.4.1.1 Company and Ship Overview . 503
14.4.1.2 Total Manning of the Ship and Crew with
Security Duties on Board . 504
14.4.1.3 Ship Security Information in the Last
12 Months . 504
14.4.1.4 Security Agreements and Arrangements . 504
14.4.2 Checklist . 504
14.4.2.1 Ensuring the Performance of All Ship Security
Duties . 504
Part A Ensuring the Performance of All Ship
Security Duties . 504
Part B Organization and Performance of
Ship Security Duties . 505
14.4.2.2 Controlling Access to the Ship . 506
Part A Access to the Ship . 506
PartB Access to the Ship . 506
14.4.2.3 Controlling the Embarkation of Persons and
Their Effects .". 508
CONTENTS XV
Part A Embarkation of Persons and Their
Effects . 508
Part B.l Embarkation of Persons and Their
Effects . 508
Part B.2 Handling Unaccompanied Baggage . 508
14.4.2.4 Monitoring of Restricted Areas . 509
Part A Restricted Areas on the Ship . 509
Part B Restricted Areas on the Ship . 509
14.4.2.5 Monitoring of Deck Areas and Areas
Surrounding the Ship . 510
Part A Access to the Ship . 510
Part B.l Access to the Ship . 510
Part B.2 Monitoring the Security of the Ship . 510
14.4.2.6 Supervising the Handling of Cargo and Ship's
Stores . 511
Part A Handling of Cargo . 511
Part B.l Handling of Cargo . 511
Part B.2 Delivery of Ship's Stores . 512
14.4.2.7 Ensuring Security Communication is Readily
Available . 512
Part A Ensuring Security Communication . 512
14.4.2.8 Training, Drills, and Exercises . 513
Part A Training, Drills, and Exercises . 513
Part B Training, Drills, and Exercises . 513
14.4.2.9 Miscellaneous . 513
Part A Miscellaneous . 513
Part B Miscellaneous . 515
14.5 Yachts and Other Non-SOLAS Vessels . 515
Chapter Fifteen Global Authorities to Counter Drug Trafficking . 519
15.1 International Law and the Trade in Illegal Drugs . 519
15.2 The Multilateral Treaty Framework . 522
15.2.1 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea . 522
15.2.2 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, As Amended . 524
15.2.3 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances . 529
15.2.4 1988 Vienna Drug Convention . 531
15.2.4.1 Illicit Traffic by Sea . 538
15.3 International Maritime Organization . 541
15.3.1 IMO Guidelines . 541
15.3.2 Maritime Trafficking . 543
15.4 UN Basic Principles on the Use of Force . 549
15.4.1 Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms . 549
15.4.2 Use of Force in the Case of the M/V Saiga . 552
XVi CONTENTS
Chapter Sixteen Regional Authorities to Counter Drug Trafficking . 555
16.1 Regional Cooperation in Countering Maritime Drug Trafficking . 555
16.2 Caribbean Regional Maritime Agreement . 555
16.2.1 U.S. Declaration of the Agreement . 563
16.3 Caribbean Basin Security Initiative . 566
16.3.1 CBSI Joint Statement . 568
16.4 Organization of American States Model Operating Procedure . 569
16.5 The Paris Pact Initiative . 573
16.6 Republic of the Philippines National Coast Watch System . 578
16.6.1 Executive Order 57 . 579
16.7 Merida Initiative . 582
16.8 The Central America Regional Security Initiative . 585
Chapter Seventeen U.S. Maritime Counterdrug Law . 587
17.1 Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act . 587
17.1.1 Jurisdiction under MDLEA . 587
17.1.2 Offenses under MDLEA . 588
17.1.3 Intent to Commit an Offense under MDLEA . 589
17.2 Drug Trafficking Vessel Interdiction Act . 590
17.2.1 Self-propelled Semi-submersible (SPSS) Watercraft . 591
17.2.2 Criminal and Civil Penalties for Operation of SPSS . 592
17.2.3 Legal Challenges to DTVIA . 594
17.2.4 SPSS Model Law of the Organization of American
States . 597
17.3 Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act . 598
17.3.1 Executive Order 12978 . 599
17.3.2 Purpose of the Kingpin Act . 599
17.4 US. Coast Guard Authorities . 602
17.4.1 Plenary U.S. Maritime Law Enforcement Authority . 603
17.4.2 Use of Force . 604
17.4.3 Airborne Use of Force . 605
17.4.4 Maritime Enforcement of U.S. Immigration Law . 607
17.5 Department of Defense Legal Authorities . 607
17.5.1 Lead Agency for Detection and Monitoring . 608
17.5.2 Military Support for Civilian Law Enforcement . 608
17.5.2.1 Department of Defense Directive 5525.5 . 613
17.5.2.2 Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction
3710.01B . 617
17.5.2.3 Geographic Combatant Commander
Counterdrug Authority . 620
17.5.2.4 Maritime Counterdrug Rules of Engagement . 621
17.5.3 Joint Publication 3-07.4, Counterdrug Operations . 622
17.5.3.1 Coast Guard Law Enforcement Detachments . 622
CONTENTS XVii
17.5.3.2 Department of Defense Joint Interagency Task
Forces . 623
Chapter Eighteen U.S. International Maritime Counterdrug Policy . 627
18.1 The U.S. Policy and Operational Framework . 627
18.1.1 U.S. National Drug Threat Assessment . 628
18.1.2 U.S. National Drug Control Strategy . 632
18.1.3 Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime . 634
18.1.4 Department of Defense U.S. Southern Command . 636
18.2 U.S. Bilateral Maritime Counterdrug Instruments . 639
18.2.1 Agreement to Suppress Illicit Traffic by Sea
(U.S.-Colombia) . 641
18.2.2 Air Bridge Denial Agreement (U.S.-Colombia) . 643
18.3 Conclusion . 650
18.4 U.S. International Maritime Law Enforcement Instruments . 650
18.4.1 Bilateral Maritime Counterdrug Agreements . 650
18.4.2 Memorandums of Understanding and Operational
Procedures . 654
18.4.3 Forward Operating Location/Cooperative Security
Location Agreements . 655
18.4.4 Multilateral Counterdrug Agreements . 656
Chapter Nineteen Migrant Smuggling at Sea . 657
19.1 Transnational Threat of Irregular Migration . 657
19.2 Law of the Sea Convention . 659
19.3 Transnational Organized Crime Convention . 660
19.3.1 Executive Order 13581 . 661
19.4 Migrant Smuggling Protocol . 662
19.5 IMO Initiatives . 666
19.5.1 Assembly Resolution A.773(18) . 667
19.5.2 Assembly Resolution A.867(20) . 668
19.5.3 Maritime Safety Committee Circular 896 . 668
19.5.4 Guidelines on the Treatment of Persons Rescued at Sea . 673
19.6 Duty to Assist . 675
19.7 Salvage Conventions . 675
19.8 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea . 676
19.9 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue . 679
19.10 Refugee Convention . 680
19.11 The U.S. Experience in Law and Practice . 682
19.11.1 USS Morton (DD 948) . 683
19.11.2 USS Dubuque (LPD 8) . 684
19.11.3 US. Counter-Migrant Smuggling Initiatives . 686
19.12 Conclusion . 689
XViii CONTENTS
Chapter Twenty Maritime Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea . 691
20.1 The Historical Roots of the Law of Piracy . 692
20.1.1 Mediterranean Sea and the Rise of the Nation State . 693
20.1.2 Renaissance Scholars Shape the Law . 693
20.1.3 Anglo-American Law of Piracy . 695
20.2 Contemporary Law of Maritime Piracy . 697
20.2.1 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea . 698
20.2.2 UN Security Council . 701
20.2.2.1 Somalia . 701
20.2.2.2 African Union Mission to Somalia . 707
20.2.2.3 Gulf of Guinea . 712
20.2.3 International Maritime Organization . 713
20.2.4 Djibouti Code of Conduct . 718
20.3 Counter-piracy Operations . 723
20.3.1 Combined Maritime Force-Task Force 151 . 724
20.3.2 North Atlantic Treaty Organization-Operation Ocean
Shield . 725
20.3.3 European Union Naval Force Somalia-Operation
Atalanta . 727
20.3.4 Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force . 733
20.3.5 Flag State Administrations and Best Management
Practices . 736
Chapter Twenty-One Maritime Terrorism and Weapons of Mass
Destruction at Sea . 739
21.1 Prevalence of Maritime Terrorism . 739
21.1.1 Palestine Liberation Front and the Achille Lauro . 740
21.1.2 Sri Lanka and the Tamil Tigers . 741
21.1.3 Al Qaeda and the USS Cole . 743
21.2 Non-Proliferation Treaty . 745
21.2.1 North Korea . 746
21.2.2 Iran . 747
21.2.3 Is the NPT Viable? . 750
21.3 Coastal State and Flag State Jurisdiction . 752
21.3.1 Coastal State Authorities . 752
21.3.2 Exclusive Flag State Jurisdiction . 754
21.3.3 Stateless Vessels . 756
21.3.4 Consent of the Master ._. 757
21.4 Cases on the Use of Force in Shipboarding . 758
21.4.1 The Caroline . 758
21.4.2 I'm Alone . 760
21.4.3 Red Crusader . 762
21.4.4 M/V Saiga . 763
CONTENTS xix
21.5 UN Security Council . 766
21.5.1 Resolution 1540 . 767
21.5.2 North Korea . 768
21.5.3 Iran . 774
21.5.4 Ineffectiveness of the Security Council . 783
21.6 Proliferation Security Initiative . 785
21.6.1 Statement of Interdiction Principles . 786
21.6.2 Bilateral Shipboarding Agreements . 787
21.7 Can the NPT Survive? . 795
Chapter Twenty-Two Commentary for the Convention on the
Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime
Navigation . 801
22.1 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts (SUA) . 801
22.1.1 1988 Convention . 804
Article 1 . 805
Article 2 . 806
Article 3 . 806
Article 4 . 809
Article 5 . 810
Article 6 . 810
Article 7 . 813
Article 8 . 814
Article 9 . 814
Article 10 . 814
Article 11 . 815
Articled . 816
Article 13 . 816
Article 14 . 817
Article 15 . 817
Article 16 . 817
Article 17 . 818
Article 18 . 818
Article 19 . 818
Article 20 . 818
Article 21 . 819
Article 22 . 819
22.1.2 2005 Convention . 820
Article 1 . 822
Article 2 . 823
Article Ibis . 824
Article 3 . 826
Article 3bis . 826
XX CONTENTS
Article 3ter . 828
Article 3quater . 829
Article 4 . 830
Article 5 and Article 5bis . 831
Article 6 . 832
Article 7 . 832
Article 8 . 833
Article Sbis . 833
Article 9 . 842
Article 10 . 843
Article 11 . 843
Article llbis . 844
Article liter . 844
Articled . 845
Article 126('s . 845
Article 13 . 846
Article 14 . 847
Article 15 . 847
Article 16 . 847
Article 16bis . 848
Article 17 . 848
Article 18 . 849
Article 19 . 849
Article 20 . 849
Article 21 . 850
Article 22 . 850
Article 23 . 851
Article 24 . 852
22.1.3 2005 Protocol (Safety of Fixed Platforms) . 853
Article 1 . 853
Article 2 . 854
Article Ibis . 854
Article 2ter . 854
Article 3 . 855
Article 4 . 855
Article 4bis . 856
Article 8 . 856
Article 9 . 856
Article 10 . 857
Article 11 . 857
Article 12 . 857
Article 13 . 858
CONTENTS XXi
Chapter Twenty-Three Irregular Naval Warfare and Blockade . 859
23.1 Irregular Naval Warfare . 859
23.1.1 Law of the Sea during Armed Conflict . 864
23.1.2 Combatants at Sea . 867
23.2 Quarantine . 869
23.2.1 Cuban Missile Crisis . 870
23.2.2 Legality of Quarantine . 877
23.3 Cordon Sanitaire . 880
23.4 Neutrality and Maritime Blockade . 882
23.4.1 Blockade in History . 882
23.4.2 Law of Blockade . 885
23.4.2.1 Object of Blockade . 886
23.4.2.2 Geographic Scope . 886
23.4.2.3 Absolute and Conditional Contraband . 887
23.4.2.4 Belligerent Right of Visit and Search . 888
23.4.2.5 Attempted Breach . 889
23.4.3 Law of Neutrality . 891
23.5 Blockade in Non-International Armed Conflict . 892
23.5.1 U.S. Civil War . 892
23.5.2 Spanish Civil War . 895
23.5.3 Israel's Blockade of Gaza . 895
Appendix 1: Agreement on the Gaza Strip and Jericho Area . 900
Chapter Twenty-Four Security Council Maritime Enforcement . 903
24.1 Rhodesia Sanctions and the Beira Patrol (1965) . 904
24.2 The Maritime Blockade of Iraq (1990-91) . 907
24.3 Former Republic of Yugoslavia Armaments Embargo (1991-96) . 912
24.4 Haiti Sanctions (1994) . 915
24.5 Libya Embargo (2011) . 918
Index . 923 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Kraska, James 1965- Pedrozo, Raul A. |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1035844184 (DE-588)1035844303 |
| author_facet | Kraska, James 1965- Pedrozo, Raul A. |
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| id | DE-604.BV041056216 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-04-15T12:25:38Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789004233560 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2012049101 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026033427 |
| oclc_num | 854718762 |
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| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-521 |
| physical | XXI, 939 S. |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Nijhoff |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kraska, James 1965- Verfasser (DE-588)1035844184 aut International maritime security law by James Kraska and Raul Pedrozo Leiden [u.a.] Nijhoff 2013 XXI, 939 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Seeschifffahrt (DE-588)4054184-8 gnd rswk-swf Internationales Umweltrecht (DE-588)4027453-6 gnd rswk-swf Seevölkerrecht (DE-588)4132788-3 gnd rswk-swf Seeräuberei (DE-588)4128013-1 gnd rswk-swf Seevölkerrecht (DE-588)4132788-3 s Seeschifffahrt (DE-588)4054184-8 s Seeräuberei (DE-588)4128013-1 s DE-604 Internationales Umweltrecht (DE-588)4027453-6 s Pedrozo, Raul A. Verfasser (DE-588)1035844303 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-90-04-23357-7 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026033427&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kraska, James 1965- Pedrozo, Raul A. International maritime security law Seeschifffahrt (DE-588)4054184-8 gnd Internationales Umweltrecht (DE-588)4027453-6 gnd Seevölkerrecht (DE-588)4132788-3 gnd Seeräuberei (DE-588)4128013-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4054184-8 (DE-588)4027453-6 (DE-588)4132788-3 (DE-588)4128013-1 |
| title | International maritime security law |
| title_auth | International maritime security law |
| title_exact_search | International maritime security law |
| title_full | International maritime security law by James Kraska and Raul Pedrozo |
| title_fullStr | International maritime security law by James Kraska and Raul Pedrozo |
| title_full_unstemmed | International maritime security law by James Kraska and Raul Pedrozo |
| title_short | International maritime security law |
| title_sort | international maritime security law |
| topic | Seeschifffahrt (DE-588)4054184-8 gnd Internationales Umweltrecht (DE-588)4027453-6 gnd Seevölkerrecht (DE-588)4132788-3 gnd Seeräuberei (DE-588)4128013-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Seeschifffahrt Internationales Umweltrecht Seevölkerrecht Seeräuberei |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026033427&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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