International maritime security law:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Leiden [u.a.]
Nijhoff
2013
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 939 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789004233560 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a International maritime security law |c by James Kraska and Raul Pedrozo |
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| 300 | |a XXI, 939 S. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804150419289538560 |
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| adam_text | Titel: International maritime security law
Autor: Kraska, James
Jahr: 2013
CONTENTS
List of Tables .................................................................................................................... xxiii
List of Annexes and Appendices ................................................................................ xxv
Chapter One Introduction to Maritime Security Law ..................................... 1
1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1
1.2 What is Maritime Security Law ? ............................................................. 5
1.2.1 The Protean Nature of Maritime Security Law ........................ 7
1.2.2 The Influence of Law on Sea Power ............................................ 11
1.2.3 Influence of Law on Maritime Security ..................................... 12
1.3 Building a Public Order of the Oceans ..................................................... 15
1.3.1 From Westphalia to Montego Bay ............................................... 16
1.3.2 Building a Global Maritime Partnership .................................... 19
1.4 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 23
Chapter Two American Maritime Security Policy and Strategy ................... 25
2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 25
2.2 U.S. Maritime Security Policy ...................................................................... 27
2.3 National Strategy for Maritime Security .................................................. 30
2.4 National Strategy for Global Supply Chain Security ............................ 33
2.5 U.S. Maritime Strategy for Homeland Security ...................................... 35
2.6 Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Sea Power ................................. 36
2.6.1 Naval Operations Concept ............................................................. 38
2.6.2 Expeditionary Sea Power ................................................................ 40
2.6.3 Pivot to Asia and the Air-Sea Battle Concept .......................... 42
Chapter Three European Maritime Strategy and Policy ................................. 47
3.1 North Atlantic Treaty Organization .......................................................... 47
3.1.1 NATO Alliance Maritime Strategy ............................................... 49
3.1.1.1 Collective Defense .............................................................. 50
Vi CONTENTS
3.1.1.2 Crisis Management ......................................................... 50
3.1.1.3 Cooperative Security ...................................................... 51
3.1.1.4 Maritime Security Operations ..................................... 52
a. Nato Maritime Organization .................................. 53
b. Operation Active Endeavor .................................... 54
c. Ocean Shield: Counter-piracy ................................. 55
3.1.1.5 Promotion of International Law ................................. 57
3.2 European Union .............................................................................................. 58
3.2.1 Blue Book-Integrated Maritime Policy .................................... 62
3.2.1.1 Maritime Surveillance .................................................... 62
3.2.1.2 Naval Capabilities ............................................................ 64
3.2.1.3 Anti-piracy Operations .................................................. 64
3.2.1.4 A Security Strategy for the Global Maritime
Domain ............................................................................... 66
3.3 Chiefs of European Navies Maritime Operational Concept .............. 66
3.4 U.K. Future Maritime Operational Concept ........................................... 70
Chapter Four Peacetime Zones and Control Measures .................................. 75
4.1 Temporary Suspension of Innocent Passage .......................................... 75
4.2 Onshore Installation Safety Zones ............................................................. 76
4.2.1 IMO Safety Zones .............................................................................. 78
4.2.2 U.S. Safety Zones ............................................................................... 82
4.2.3 U.K. Safety Zones ............................................................................... 84
4.3 World-Wide Navigational Warning Service ............................................ 85
4.3.1 U.S. Navigational Warnings ............................................................ 88
4.3.1.1 HYDROPAC: Strait of Hormuz-Iranian Naval
Exercises ............................................................................. 88
4.3.1.2 HYDROLANT: Mediterranean Sea-Hazardous
Operations ......................................................................... 89
4.3.1.3 Special Warning: Cuba ................................................... 90
4.3.1.4 Special Warning: Papua New Guinea-Political
Unrest .................................................................................. 90
4.3.1.5 Special Warning: Morocco-Aggressive Maritime
Enforcement ...................................................................... 91
4.3.1.6 Special Warning: Persian Gulf-UN Security
Council Enforcement Action ....................................... 91
4.3.1.7 Special Warning: Sri Lanka-Combating Terrorist
Threats ................................................................................ 92
4.3.1.8 Special Warning: Yemen-Threats to U.S. Citizens 93
4.3.1.9 Special Warning: Iran-Danger to Shipping .......... 93
4.3.1.10 Special Warning: Sierra Leone-Dangerous Port ... 94
4.3.1.11 Special Warning: United States-Worldwide
Defensive Measures ........................................................ 94
CONTENTS Vii
4.3.1.12 Special Warning: Persian Gulf-Military
Operations .......................................................................... 95
4.3.1.13 Special Warning: East Africa-Terrorist Threat .... 96
4.3.1.14 Special Warning: Yemen-Terrorist Threat ............ 96
4.3.1.15 Special Warning: Somalia-Piracy ............................ 97
4.3.2 U.S. Maritime Administration Advisories .................................. 97
4.3.2.1 Reporting Terrorist Incidents ...................................... 98
4.3.2.2 Regional Terrorist and Piracy Threat ........................ 98
4.3.2.3 Vessels Transiting High Risk Waters (HRW)-
Maritime Piracy ................................................................ 99
4.3.2.4 Japan Tsunami Radiological Threat and Debris
Field ..................................................................................... 102
4.4 Aeronautical Information Services ............................................................ 103
4.4.1 ICAO Aeronautical Information Service .................................... 103
4.4.2 U.S. Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) .................................................. 105
Chapter Five Marine Environmental Protection and Control Measures ... 113
5.1 The Marine Environment ............................................................................. 113
5.1.1 Evolution of Marine Environmental Law .................................. 113
5.1.2 Framework Agreements to Protect the Marine
Environment ....................................................................................... 116
5.2 Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas ................................................................. 117
5.2.1 Western Europe PSSA and the 2005 Guidelines ..................... 121
5.2.2 Malpelo Island PSSA (Colombia)-Regulation without
Protection ............................................................................................ 126
5.2.3 Baltic Sea Area PSSA-Regulation without Concurrence .... 130
5.2.4 Papahanaumokuakea PSSA (United States)-Regulation
without Need ...................................................................................... 131
5.2.5 Mid-Pacific Ocean National Monuments (United States) .... 135
5.3 Ships Routeing, Vessel Traffic Services, and Ships Reporting ......... 137
5.4 Mandatory Ship Reporting (United States) ............................................ 141
5.5 Marine Mammals ............................................................................................ 146
5.5.1 Natural Resources Defense Council v. Winter (Sonar
Litigation) ............................................................................................. 147
5.5.2 Navy Mitigation Measures during Sonar Operations ............. 151
Chapter Six U.S. Safety and Security Zones and Airspace Control
Measures ....................................................................................................................... 155
6.1 Introduction to U.S. Zones ........................................................................... 155
6.2 Jurisdiction over the Navigable Waters of the United States ............ 156
6.2.1 Ports and Waterways Safety Act ................................................... 156
6.2.2 Presidential Proclamation No. 5928 ............................................ 157
6.3 Safety Zones ...................................................................................................... 160
viii CONTENTS
6.4 Security Zones .................................................................................................. 162
6.4.1 Regulated Navigation Areas and Restricted Waterfront
Areas ...................................................................................................... 165
6.4.1.1 Naval Vessel Protection Zones ..................................... 165
6.4.1.2 Restricted Areas and Danger Zones ........................... 168
a. Pacific Ocean, Hawaii; danger zones .................... 169
b. Pacific Ocean, Island of Oahu, Hawaii; danger
zone ................................................................................ 169
c. Pacific Ocean at Barber s Point, Island of Oahu,
Hawaii; danger zone ................................................. 170
d. Pacific Ocean at Keahi Point, Island of Oahu,
Hawaii; danger zone................................................. 170
e. Kaneohe Bay, Island of Oahu, Hawaii-Ulupau
Crater Weapons Training Range; danger zone ... 170
f. Pacific Ocean at Barking Sands, Island of Kauai,
Hawaii; missile range facility ................................. 171
g. Pacific Ocean, at Barbers Point, Island of Oahu,
Hawaii; restricted area ............................................. 172
h. Pacific Ocean, at Makapuu Point, Waimanalo,
Island of Oahu, Hawaii, Makai Undersea Test
Range ............................................................................. 172
6.4.1.3 Naval Defensive Sea Areas and Naval Airspace
Reservations ........................................................................ 173
6.4.1.4 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands ......................... 175
6.4.2 Airspace Control Measures ............................................................ 178
6.4.2.1 Air Defense Identification Zone .................................. 178
6.4.2.2 Special Use Airspace ........................................................ 181
a. Prohibited Areas ......................................................... 181
b. Restricted Areas .......................................................... 181
c. Warning Areas ............................................................. 182
d. Military Operation Areas ......................................... 182
e. Alert Areas .................................................................... 183
f. Controlled Firing Areas ............................................ 183
g. National Security Areas ............................................ 183
Chapter Seven Sea Power, Grand Strategy, and Freedom of the Seas ....... 185
7.1 Seapower and Grand Strategy ..................................................................... 185
7.1.1 Littoral Regions .................................................................................. 186
7.1.2 Global System ..................................................................................... 187
7.1.3 Freedom of the Seas in the Early Modern Period ................... 189
7.1.4 Freedom of the Seas in the World Wars and the Cold War 191
7.1.5 Freedom of the Seas, the Law of the Sea, and U.S. Policy .... 196
7.2 U.S. Freedom of Navigation Program ........................................................ 201
CONTENTS ix
Chapter Eight Freedom of Navigation in the Law of the Sea ....................... 215
8.1 Baselines ........................................................................................................... 216
8.2 Internal Waters .............................................................................................. 217
8.3 Territorial Sea ................................................................................................. 218
8.4 Straits Used for International Navigation .............................................. 219
8.4.1 Corfu Channel Case ........................................................................ 219
8.4.2 The Straits Regime in UNCLOS .................................................. 222
8.4.3 Types of Straits Used for International Navigation ............. 224
8.4.3.1 Geographic Straits ......................................................... 224
8.4.3.2 Long-standing Conventions ....................................... 225
8.4.3.3 Route of Similar Convenience ................................... 226
8.4.3.4 Island Forming a Strait (Route of Similar
Convenience) .................................................................. 227
8.4.3.5 Archipelagic Straits ....................................................... 227
8.4.3.6 Dead-end Straits ............................................................ 228
8.4.4 Transit Passage in the Approaches to the Strait ................... 229
8.4.5 Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage ................................................. 230
8.4.5.1 Indonesia .......................................................................... 231
8.5 Contiguous Zone ............................................................................................ 232
8.6 Exclusive Economic Zone ........................................................................... 233
8.6.1 Coastal State Competence in the EEZ ..................................... 234
8.7 Continental Shelf ........................................................................................... 241
8.8 High Seas .......................................................................................................... 242
Chapter Nine Excessive Maritime Claims: Territorial Seas, Straits,
and Archipelagos ....................................................................................................... 243
9.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 243
9.2 Illegal Straight Baselines .............................................................................. 246
9.2.1 Libya s Line of Death in the Gulf of Sirte ............................. 247
9.3 Excessive Claims over the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone ... 252
9.3.1 Black Sea Bumping Incident ....................................................... 255
9.3.2 Jackson Hole Agreement .............................................................. 258
9.4 Excessive Claims over Straits Used for International Navigation .. 259
9.4.1 Strait of Hainan ............................................................................... 261
9.4.2 Head Harbor Passage .................................................................... 261
9.4.3 Northwest Passage ......................................................................... 262
9.4.4 Torres Strait..................................................................................... 264
9.4.5 Strait of Hormuz ............................................................................. 269
9.5 Excessive Claims over Archipelagic Sea Lanes ..................................... 270
9.5.1 Indonesia s 1960s Archipelagic Claims .................................... 271
9.5.2 The Philippines ............................................................................... 273
9.5.3 Maldives ............................................................................................ 275
X CONTENTS
Chapter Ten Security Claims in the Exclusive Economic Zone ................... 277
10.1 Security Claims in the Exclusive Economic Zone ............................... 277
10.2 China s Oceans Law and the EEZ ............................................................. 279
10.3 North Korea s Military Zone ...................................................................... 283
10.4 Military Activities in the EEZ .................................................................... 284
10.4.1 Marine Data Collection ................................................................ 285
10.4.2 International Airspace of the EEZ ............................................ 289
10.4.2.1 Peruvian Attack on a U.S. C-130 State Aircraft
(1992) ............................................................................... 289
10.4.2.2 Chinese Collision with a U.S. EP-3 State
Aircraft (2001) ............................................................... 290
10.4.2.2.1 Law of the Sea ........................................ 291
10.4.2.2.2 Aviation Law .......................................... 292
10.4.2.3 State Aircraft Sovereign Immunity ......................... 293
10.4.2.4 Schooner Exchange ..................................................... 294
10.4.2.5 Military Interception of Civil Aircraft in
International Airspace ................................................ 296
10.4.2.5.1 U.S. Practice ............................................ 299
10.4.3 Peaceful Purposes ....................................................................... 304
10.4.4 Offshore Environmental Regulation as Maritime Strategy .... 309
Chapter Eleven Flashpoint: South China Sea ..................................................... 313
11.1 The Political Seascape and Regional Stability ...................................... 313
11.1.1 Chinese Maritime Claims ............................................................. 315
11.1.1.1 The U-Shaped Line (The Cow Tongue ) ............. 316
11.1.1.2 Sansha City .................................................................... 318
11.1.1.3 Regional Reaction to China s Claims ..................... 319
11.1.2 Vietnam s Maritime Claims ......................................................... 321
11.1.3 The Philippines Maritime Claims ............................................. 325
11.1.4 ASEAN and the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties ..... 330
11.2 American Security Relationships and the South China Sea ............ 334
11.2.1 U.S.-Philippine Cooperation ........................................................ 340
11.2.2 U.S.-Australian Cooperation ........................................................ 348
11.2.3 U.S.-New Zealand Cooperation .................................................. 351
11.2.4 Trans-Pacific Partnership ............................................................. 353
Chapter Twelve Securing the Marine Transportation System ...................... 355
12.1 Threats to International Ship and Port Facility Security .................. 355
12.1.1 Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea ............................................. 358
12.1.2 Maritime Terrorism ........................................................................ 358
12.1.3 Cargo Tampering, Sabotage, or Theft ....................................... 359
12.1.4 Smuggling of Contraband ............................................................ 359
12.1.5 Illegal Migrants, Stowaways, Refugees, and Asylum
Seekers ................................................................................................ 359
CONTENTS Xi
12.1.6 Environmental Extremists ............................................................ 359
12.1.7 Weather and Natural Disasters ................................................... 360
12.1.8 Accidents ........................................................................................... 360
12.1.9 Organized Labor Activities and Labor Violence ................... 360
12.2 The Law of the Sea and the IMO .............................................................. 362
12.3 Exclusive Flag State Jurisdiction ............................................................... 365
12.3.1 SOLAS ................................................................................................. 368
12.3.2 Load Lines ......................................................................................... 372
12.3.3 MARPOL ............................................................................................ 373
12.3.4 STCW .................................................................................................. 373
12.3.5 TONNAGE 69 ................................................................................... 374
12.3.6 IMO Member State Audit Scheme ............................................ 375
12.3.7 ILO Instruments .............................................................................. 376
12.4 The ISPS Code ................................................................................................. 378
12.4.1 Special Measures ............................................................................. 385
12.4.2 Security Levels ................................................................................. 387
12.4.3 Declaration of Security .................................................................. 389
12.4.4 Security Plans for Port Facilities and Ships ............................ 392
12.4.5 Interagency Government Coordination ................................... 393
12.4.6 Regional Organizations ................................................................. 395
12.4.7 Recognized Security Organizations ........................................... 395
12.4.8 Government Oversight and Enforcement ............................... 397
12.5 Maritime Domain Awareness .................................................................... 399
12.5.1 U.S. Maritime Domain Awareness Policy ................................ 400
12.5.2 Automatic Identification System ............................................... 404
12.5.3 Long-Range Identification and Tracking ................................. 408
Chapter Thirteen Port and Port Facility Security ............................................. 411
13.1 Ports in the Global Transportation System ........................................... 411
13.2 Port State Control .......................................................................................... 416
13.2.1 IMO Protocols .................................................................................. 418
13.2.2 Port State Regional MoUs ............................................................ 423
13.2.2.1 Paris MoU ...................................................................... 424
13.2.2.2 Acuerdo de Vina del Mar .......................................... 424
13.2.2.3 Tokyo MoU .................................................................... 425
13.2.2.4 Caribbean MoU ............................................................ 425
13.2.2.5 Mediterranean MoU ................................................... 425
13.2.2.6 Indian Ocean MoU ..................................................... 426
13.2.2.7 Abuja MoU .................................................................... 427
13.2.2.8 Black Sea MoU ............................................................. 427
13.2.2.9 Riyadh MoU .................................................................. 427
13.2.2.10 PERSGA .......................................................................... 428
13.2.3 US. Port State Control .................................................................. 429
Xii CONTENTS
13.3 Port Facility Security ..................................................................................... 434
13.3.1 Designated Authority .................................................................... 436
13.3.2 Declaration of Security ................................................................. 436
13.3.3 Port Facility Security Officer ....................................................... 438
13.3.4 Port Facility Security Plan ............................................................ 439
13.3.5 Port Facility Security Level .......................................................... 442
13.3.5.1 Port Access ....................................................................... 443
13.3.5.2 Restricted Areas within the Port Facility ............... 444
13.3.5.3 Cargo Handling ............................................................... 445
13.3.5.4 Delivery of Ships Stores .............................................. 446
13.3.5.4.1 Security Level 1 ...................................... 446
13.3.5.4.2 Security Level 2 ..................................... 447
13.3.5.4.3 Security Level 3 ..................................... 447
13.3.5.5 Monitoring the Port Facility ....................................... 448
13.3.6 Port Facility Security Assessment .............................................. 449
13.4 Port State Control Certifications and Documents ............................... 451
13.5 Questionnaire for Designated Authorities ............................................. 452
13.6 Security Checklist for Port Facility Operators ....................................... 455
13.6.1 Guidance for Port Facility Operators ........................................ 456
13.6.1.1 Performance of Port Facility Security Duties ........ 456
Part A ................................................................................. 456
Part B ................................................................................. 457
13.6.1.2 Controlling Access to the Port Facility ................... 458
Part A ................................................................................. 458
Part B ................................................................................. 458
13.6.1.3 Monitoring of the Port Facility, Anchoring and
Berthing Area .................................................................. 459
Part A ................................................................................. 459
Part B ................................................................................. 459
13.6.1.4 Monitoring of Restricted Areas ................................. 460
Part A ................................................................................. 460
Part B Establishment of Restricted Areas ........... 460
Part C Security Measures ......................................... 461
13.6.1.5 Supervising the Handling of Cargo .......................... 462
Part A ................................................................................. 462
Part B ................................................................................. 462
13.6.1.6 Supervising the Handling of Ship s Stores .............. 463
Part A ................................................................................. 463
Part B Ship s Stores Security Measures ............... 463
13.6.1.7 Communications Security ........................................... 464
Part A ................................................................................. 464
Part B Effectiveness and Protection of
Communications ......................................... 464
CONTENTS Xiii
13.6.1.8 Training, Drills, and Exercises .................................. 464
Part A ................................................................................ 464
Part B Training, Drills, and Exercises ................. 465
13.6.1.9 Miscellaneous ................................................................. 465
Part B ................................................................................ 465
Chapter Fourteen Ship and Ship Operator Security ........................................ 467
14.1 Shipping Company Responsibilities ......................................................... 467
14.1.1 Applicability of IMO Maritime Security Measures .............. 467
14.1.2 Alternative Security Agreements ............................................... 468
14.1.3 Equivalent Security Agreements ................................................ 470
14.2 Checklist for Shipping Companies ............................................................ 471
14.2.1 Checklist ............................................................................................ 471
14.2.1.1 Continuous Synopsis Record .................................... 471
14.2.1.2 Ship Security Alert System ......................................... 471
14.2.1.3 Master s Discretion for Ship Safety and Security .. 472
14.2.1.4 Obligations of the Company ..................................... 472
Part A Obligations of the Company .................... 472
Part B Obligations of the Company .................... 473
14.2.1.5 Control and Compliance Measures ........................ 473
14.2.1.6 Verification and Certification for Ships ................. 474
Part A Verification and Certification for Ships 474
14.2.1.7 Ship Security Assessment ........................................... 474
Part A Ship Security Assessment ......................... 474
Part B Company Security Officer
Requirements to Conduct an
Assessment .................................................... 475
Part C Content of the Ship Security
Assessment.................................................... 476
14.2.1.8 Ship Security Plan ......................................................... 477
Part A Ship Security Plan....................................... 478
PartB Content of the Ship Security Plan .......... 479
14.2.1.9 Records ............................................................................. 479
Part A Records ........................................................... 479
14.2.1.10 Company Security Officer .......................................... 480
Part A Company Security Officer ......................... 480
14.2.1.11 Training, Drills, and Exercises on Ship Security ... 481
Part A Training, Drills, and Exercises ................. 481
Part B Training, Drills, and Exercises ................. 481
14.2.1.12 Information and Cooperation (Best Practice) .... 482
14.3 Ship Security .................................................................................................... 482
14.3.1 Ship Security Levels ..................................................................... 482
14.3.2 Declarations of Security .............................................................. 483
Xiv CONTENTS
14.3.3 Model Declaration of Security for a Ship-to-Ship
Interface ........................................................................................... 484
14.3.4 Ship Security Personnel .............................................................. 486
14.3.4.1 Company Security Officers ...................................... 486
14.3.4.2 Ship Security Officers ................................................ 487
14.3.5 Ship Security Alert Systems ....................................................... 488
14.3.6 Ship Security Assessments ......................................................... 489
14.3.7 Ship Security Plans ....................................................................... 490
14.3.8 Responding to Requests to Board the Ship in Port or at
Sea ..................................................................................................... 494
14.3.9 Vessel Pre-arrival Information .................................................. 496
14.3.9.1 Ship and Contact Details ......................................... 496
14.3.9.2 Port and Port Facility Information ....................... 497
14.3.9.3 Information Required by SOLAS Regulation
XI-2/9.2.1 ....................................................................... 497
14.3.9.4 Other Security-related Information ...................... 498
14.3.9.5 Agent of the Ship at the Intended Port of
Arrival ............................................................................ 498
14.3.9.6 Identification of the Person Providing the
Information .................................................................. 499
14.3.10 The International Ship Security Certificate .......................... 499
14.3.11 Checklist for Flag State Administrations ............................... 500
14.4 Checklist for Ship Security Personnel ..................................................... 503
14.4.1 Basic Information for Ship Security Personnel.................... 503
14.4.1.1 Company and Ship Overview ................................. 503
14.4.1.2 Total Manning of the Ship and Crew with
Security Duties on Board ......................................... 504
14.4.1.3 Ship Security Information in the Last
12 Months ..................................................................... 504
14.4.1.4 Security Agreements and Arrangements ............. 504
14.4.2 Checklist .......................................................................................... 504
14.4.2.1 Ensuring the Performance of All Ship Security
Duties ............................................................................. 504
Part A Ensuring the Performance of All Ship
Security Duties ........................................... 504
Part B Organization and Performance of
Ship Security Duties ................................. 505
14.4.2.2 Controlling Access to the Ship ............................... 506
Part A Access to the Ship ..................................... 506
PartB Access to the Ship ..................................... 506
14.4.2.3 Controlling the Embarkation of Persons and
Their Effects .. ............................................................. 508
CONTENTS XV
Part A Embarkation of Persons and Their
Effects .......................................................... 508
Part B.l Embarkation of Persons and Their
Effects .......................................................... 508
Part B.2 Handling Unaccompanied Baggage ..... 508
14.4.2.4 Monitoring of Restricted Areas ............................... 509
Part A Restricted Areas on the Ship ................ 509
Part B Restricted Areas on the Ship ................ 509
14.4.2.5 Monitoring of Deck Areas and Areas
Surrounding the Ship .................................................. 510
Part A Access to the Ship .................................... 510
Part B.l Access to the Ship .................................... 510
Part B.2 Monitoring the Security of the Ship .... 510
14.4.2.6 Supervising the Handling of Cargo and Ship s
Stores ............................................................................... 511
Part A Handling of Cargo .................................... 511
Part B.l Handling of Cargo .................................... 511
Part B.2 Delivery of Ship s Stores ......................... 512
14.4.2.7 Ensuring Security Communication is Readily
Available ......................................................................... 512
Part A Ensuring Security Communication ..... 512
14.4.2.8 Training, Drills, and Exercises .................................. 513
Part A Training, Drills, and Exercises .............. 513
Part B Training, Drills, and Exercises .............. 513
14.4.2.9 Miscellaneous ................................................................ 513
Part A Miscellaneous ............................................ 513
Part B Miscellaneous ............................................ 515
14.5 Yachts and Other Non-SOLAS Vessels .................................................... 515
Chapter Fifteen Global Authorities to Counter Drug Trafficking ................ 519
15.1 International Law and the Trade in Illegal Drugs ............................... 519
15.2 The Multilateral Treaty Framework ......................................................... 522
15.2.1 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ............. 522
15.2.2 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, As Amended .... 524
15.2.3 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances ....................... 529
15.2.4 1988 Vienna Drug Convention .................................................... 531
15.2.4.1 Illicit Traffic by Sea ..................................................... 538
15.3 International Maritime Organization ...................................................... 541
15.3.1 IMO Guidelines ............................................................................... 541
15.3.2 Maritime Trafficking ...................................................................... 543
15.4 UN Basic Principles on the Use of Force ................................................ 549
15.4.1 Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms ............. 549
15.4.2 Use of Force in the Case of the M/V Saiga ............................. 552
XVi CONTENTS
Chapter Sixteen Regional Authorities to Counter Drug Trafficking ........... 555
16.1 Regional Cooperation in Countering Maritime Drug Trafficking .. 555
16.2 Caribbean Regional Maritime Agreement ............................................. 555
16.2.1 U.S. Declaration of the Agreement ........................................... 563
16.3 Caribbean Basin Security Initiative ......................................................... 566
16.3.1 CBSI Joint Statement ..................................................................... 568
16.4 Organization of American States Model Operating Procedure ...... 569
16.5 The Paris Pact Initiative .............................................................................. 573
16.6 Republic of the Philippines National Coast Watch System ............. 578
16.6.1 Executive Order 57 ........................................................................ 579
16.7 Merida Initiative ............................................................................................ 582
16.8 The Central America Regional Security Initiative ............................... 585
Chapter Seventeen U.S. Maritime Counterdrug Law ....................................... 587
17.1 Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act ..................................................... 587
17.1.1 Jurisdiction under MDLEA .......................................................... 587
17.1.2 Offenses under MDLEA ................................................................ 588
17.1.3 Intent to Commit an Offense under MDLEA ........................ 589
17.2 Drug Trafficking Vessel Interdiction Act ................................................ 590
17.2.1 Self-propelled Semi-submersible (SPSS) Watercraft ........... 591
17.2.2 Criminal and Civil Penalties for Operation of SPSS ............ 592
17.2.3 Legal Challenges to DTVIA ......................................................... 594
17.2.4 SPSS Model Law of the Organization of American
States .................................................................................................. 597
17.3 Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act ......................................... 598
17.3.1 Executive Order 12978 .................................................................. 599
17.3.2 Purpose of the Kingpin Act ........................................................ 599
17.4 US. Coast Guard Authorities ..................................................................... 602
17.4.1 Plenary U.S. Maritime Law Enforcement Authority ........... 603
17.4.2 Use of Force ..................................................................................... 604
17.4.3 Airborne Use of Force .................................................................. 605
17.4.4 Maritime Enforcement of U.S. Immigration Law ................ 607
17.5 Department of Defense Legal Authorities ............................................. 607
17.5.1 Lead Agency for Detection and Monitoring .......................... 608
17.5.2 Military Support for Civilian Law Enforcement ................... 608
17.5.2.1 Department of Defense Directive 5525.5 ............. 613
17.5.2.2 Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction
3710.01B ........................................................................... 617
17.5.2.3 Geographic Combatant Commander
Counterdrug Authority ............................................... 620
17.5.2.4 Maritime Counterdrug Rules of Engagement ..... 621
17.5.3 Joint Publication 3-07.4, Counterdrug Operations .............. 622
17.5.3.1 Coast Guard Law Enforcement Detachments .... 622
CONTENTS XVii
17.5.3.2 Department of Defense Joint Interagency Task
Forces .............................................................................. 623
Chapter Eighteen U.S. International Maritime Counterdrug Policy ........... 627
18.1 The U.S. Policy and Operational Framework ....................................... 627
18.1.1 U.S. National Drug Threat Assessment ................................... 628
18.1.2 U.S. National Drug Control Strategy ........................................ 632
18.1.3 Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime ......... 634
18.1.4 Department of Defense U.S. Southern Command ............... 636
18.2 U.S. Bilateral Maritime Counterdrug Instruments .............................. 639
18.2.1 Agreement to Suppress Illicit Traffic by Sea
(U.S.-Colombia) ............................................................................. 641
18.2.2 Air Bridge Denial Agreement (U.S.-Colombia) ................... 643
18.3 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 650
18.4 U.S. International Maritime Law Enforcement Instruments ........... 650
18.4.1 Bilateral Maritime Counterdrug Agreements ....................... 650
18.4.2 Memorandums of Understanding and Operational
Procedures ........................................................................................ 654
18.4.3 Forward Operating Location/Cooperative Security
Location Agreements .................................................................... 655
18.4.4 Multilateral Counterdrug Agreements .................................... 656
Chapter Nineteen Migrant Smuggling at Sea ..................................................... 657
19.1 Transnational Threat of Irregular Migration ........................................ 657
19.2 Law of the Sea Convention ........................................................................ 659
19.3 Transnational Organized Crime Convention ........................................ 660
19.3.1 Executive Order 13581 .................................................................. 661
19.4 Migrant Smuggling Protocol ...................................................................... 662
19.5 IMO Initiatives ............................................................................................... 666
19.5.1 Assembly Resolution A.773(18) ................................................ 667
19.5.2 Assembly Resolution A.867(20) ................................................ 668
19.5.3 Maritime Safety Committee Circular 896 .............................. 668
19.5.4 Guidelines on the Treatment of Persons Rescued at Sea .... 673
19.6 Duty to Assist .................................................................................................. 675
19.7 Salvage Conventions ..................................................................................... 675
19.8 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea ...................... 676
19.9 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue ............ 679
19.10 Refugee Convention ..................................................................................... 680
19.11 The U.S. Experience in Law and Practice .............................................. 682
19.11.1 USS Morton (DD 948) .................................................................. 683
19.11.2 USS Dubuque (LPD 8) ................................................................. 684
19.11.3 US. Counter-Migrant Smuggling Initiatives .......................... 686
19.12 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 689
XViii CONTENTS
Chapter Twenty Maritime Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea ..................... 691
20.1 The Historical Roots of the Law of Piracy ............................................. 692
20.1.1 Mediterranean Sea and the Rise of the Nation State ......... 693
20.1.2 Renaissance Scholars Shape the Law ...................................... 693
20.1.3 Anglo-American Law of Piracy .................................................. 695
20.2 Contemporary Law of Maritime Piracy .................................................. 697
20.2.1 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea .................................... 698
20.2.2 UN Security Council ...................................................................... 701
20.2.2.1 Somalia .......................................................................... 701
20.2.2.2 African Union Mission to Somalia ....................... 707
20.2.2.3 Gulf of Guinea ............................................................. 712
20.2.3 International Maritime Organization ...................................... 713
20.2.4 Djibouti Code of Conduct ........................................................... 718
20.3 Counter-piracy Operations ......................................................................... 723
20.3.1 Combined Maritime Force-Task Force 151 ......................... 724
20.3.2 North Atlantic Treaty Organization-Operation Ocean
Shield ................................................................................................. 725
20.3.3 European Union Naval Force Somalia-Operation
Atalanta ............................................................................................. 727
20.3.4 Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force .......................................... 733
20.3.5 Flag State Administrations and Best Management
Practices ............................................................................................ 736
Chapter Twenty-One Maritime Terrorism and Weapons of Mass
Destruction at Sea ..................................................................................................... 739
21.1 Prevalence of Maritime Terrorism ........................................................... 739
21.1.1 Palestine Liberation Front and the Achille Lauro ................ 740
21.1.2 Sri Lanka and the Tamil Tigers .................................................. 741
21.1.3 Al Qaeda and the USS Cole ......................................................... 743
21.2 Non-Proliferation Treaty .............................................................................. 745
21.2.1 North Korea ..................................................................................... 746
21.2.2 Iran ..................................................................................................... 747
21.2.3 Is the NPT Viable? ........................................................................ 750
21.3 Coastal State and Flag State Jurisdiction ................................................ 752
21.3.1 Coastal State Authorities ............................................................. 752
21.3.2 Exclusive Flag State Jurisdiction ............................................... 754
21.3.3 Stateless Vessels .............................................................................. 756
21.3.4 Consent of the Master ....................................._______........... 757
21.4 Cases on the Use of Force in Shipboarding ........................................... 758
21.4.1 The Caroline ..................................................................................... 758
21.4.2 I m Alone ........................................................................................... 760
21.4.3 Red Crusader .................................................................................... 762
21.4.4 M/V Saiga ......................................................................................... 763
CONTENTS xix
21.5 UN Security Council ..................................................................................... 766
21.5.1 Resolution 1540 .............................................................................. 767
21.5.2 North Korea .................................................................................... 768
21.5.3 Iran .................................................................................................... 774
21.5.4 Ineffectiveness of the Security Council .................................. 783
21.6 Proliferation Security Initiative ................................................................. 785
21.6.1 Statement of Interdiction Principles ....................................... 786
21.6.2 Bilateral Shipboarding Agreements ......................................... 787
21.7 Can the NPT Survive? ................................................................................. 795
Chapter Twenty-Two Commentary for the Convention on the
Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime
Navigation .................................................................................................................... 801
22.1 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts (SUA) ............... 801
22.1.1 1988 Convention ............................................................................ 804
Article 1 ............................................................................................. 805
Article 2 ............................................................................................ 806
Article 3 ............................................................................................ 806
Article 4 ............................................................................................ 809
Article 5 ............................................................................................ 810
Article 6 ............................................................................................ 810
Article 7 ............................................................................................. 813
Article 8 ............................................................................................ 814
Article 9 ............................................................................................ 814
Article 10 ........................................................................................... 814
Article 11 ............................................................................................ 815
Articled ........................................................................................... 816
Article 13 ........................................................................................... 816
Article 14 ........................................................................................... 817
Article 15 ........................................................................................... 817
Article 16 ........................................................................................... 817
Article 17 ........................................................................................... 818
Article 18 ........................................................................................... 818
Article 19 ........................................................................................... 818
Article 20 .......................................................................................... 818
Article 21 ........................................................................................... 819
Article 22 .......................................................................................... 819
22.1.2 2005 Convention ........................................................................... 820
Article 1 ............................................................................................. 822
Article 2 ............................................................................................ 823
Article Ibis ....................................................................................... 824
Article 3 ............................................................................................ 826
Article 3bis ....................................................................................... 826
XX CONTENTS
Article 3ter ....................................................................................... 828
Article 3quater ................................................................................ 829
Article 4 ............................................................................................ 830
Article 5 and Article 5bis ............................................................. 831
Article 6 ............................................................................................ 832
Article 7 ............................................................................................. 832
Article 8 ............................................................................................ 833
Article Sbis ....................................................................................... 833
Article 9 ............................................................................................ 842
Article 10 ........................................................................................... 843
Article 11 ............................................................................................ 843
Article llbis ...................................................................................... 844
Article liter ...................................................................................... 844
Articled ........................................................................................... 845
Article 126( s ...................................................................................... 845
Article 13 ........................................................................................... 846
Article 14 ........................................................................................... 847
Article 15 ........................................................................................... 847
Article 16 ........................................................................................... 847
Article 16bis ...................................................................................... 848
Article 17 ........................................................................................... 848
Article 18 ........................................................................................... 849
Article 19 ........................................................................................... 849
Article 20 .......................................................................................... 849
Article 21 ........................................................................................... 850
Article 22 .......................................................................................... 850
Article 23 .......................................................................................... 851
Article 24 .......................................................................................... 852
22.1.3 2005 Protocol (Safety of Fixed Platforms) ........................... 853
Article 1 ............................................................................................. 853
Article 2 ............................................................................................ 854
Article Ibis ....................................................................................... 854
Article 2ter ....................................................................................... 854
Article 3 ............................................................................................ 855
Article 4 ............................................................................................ 855
Article 4bis ....................................................................................... 856
Article 8 ............................................................................................ 856
Article 9 ............................................................................................ 856
Article 10 ........................................................................................... 857
Article 11 ............................................................................................ 857
Article 12 ........................................................................................... 857
Article 13 ........................................................................................... 858
CONTENTS XXi
Chapter Twenty-Three Irregular Naval Warfare and Blockade .................... 859
23.1 Irregular Naval Warfare .............................................................................. 859
23.1.1 Law of the Sea during Armed Conflict ................................... 864
23.1.2 Combatants at Sea ........................................................................ 867
23.2 Quarantine ...................................................................................................... 869
23.2.1 Cuban Missile Crisis ..................................................................... 870
23.2.2 Legality of Quarantine ................................................................. 877
23.3 Cordon Sanitaire ............................................................................................ 880
23.4 Neutrality and Maritime Blockade .......................................................... 882
23.4.1 Blockade in History ....................................................................... 882
23.4.2 Law of Blockade ............................................................................ 885
23.4.2.1 Object of Blockade ..................................................... 886
23.4.2.2 Geographic Scope ...................................................... 886
23.4.2.3 Absolute and Conditional Contraband ............... 887
23.4.2.4 Belligerent Right of Visit and Search ................... 888
23.4.2.5 Attempted Breach ...................................................... 889
23.4.3 Law of Neutrality .......................................................................... 891
23.5 Blockade in Non-International Armed Conflict .................................. 892
23.5.1 U.S. Civil War .................................................................................. 892
23.5.2 Spanish Civil War .......................................................................... 895
23.5.3 Israel s Blockade of Gaza ............................................................ 895
Appendix 1: Agreement on the Gaza Strip and Jericho Area ....................... 900
Chapter Twenty-Four Security Council Maritime Enforcement .................. 903
24.1 Rhodesia Sanctions and the Beira Patrol (1965) ................................. 904
24.2 The Maritime Blockade of Iraq (1990-91) ............................................. 907
24.3 Former Republic of Yugoslavia Armaments Embargo (1991-96) .. 912
24.4 Haiti Sanctions (1994) ................................................................................. 915
24.5 Libya Embargo (2011) .................................................................................. 918
Index ................................................................................................................................... 923
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Kraska, James 1965- Pedrozo, Raul A. |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1035844184 (DE-588)1035844303 |
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| id | DE-604.BV041056216 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:38:37Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789004233560 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2012049101 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026033427 |
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| physical | XXI, 939 S. |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Nijhoff |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kraska, James 1965- Verfasser (DE-588)1035844184 aut International maritime security law by James Kraska and Raul Pedrozo Leiden [u.a.] Nijhoff 2013 XXI, 939 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Seevölkerrecht (DE-588)4132788-3 gnd rswk-swf Seeräuberei (DE-588)4128013-1 gnd rswk-swf Internationales Umweltrecht (DE-588)4027453-6 gnd rswk-swf Seeschifffahrt (DE-588)4054184-8 gnd rswk-swf Seevölkerrecht (DE-588)4132788-3 s Seeschifffahrt (DE-588)4054184-8 s Seeräuberei (DE-588)4128013-1 s DE-604 Internationales Umweltrecht (DE-588)4027453-6 s Pedrozo, Raul A. Verfasser (DE-588)1035844303 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-90-04-23357-7 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026033427&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kraska, James 1965- Pedrozo, Raul A. International maritime security law Seevölkerrecht (DE-588)4132788-3 gnd Seeräuberei (DE-588)4128013-1 gnd Internationales Umweltrecht (DE-588)4027453-6 gnd Seeschifffahrt (DE-588)4054184-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4132788-3 (DE-588)4128013-1 (DE-588)4027453-6 (DE-588)4054184-8 |
| title | International maritime security law |
| title_auth | International maritime security law |
| title_exact_search | International maritime security law |
| title_full | International maritime security law by James Kraska and Raul Pedrozo |
| title_fullStr | International maritime security law by James Kraska and Raul Pedrozo |
| title_full_unstemmed | International maritime security law by James Kraska and Raul Pedrozo |
| title_short | International maritime security law |
| title_sort | international maritime security law |
| topic | Seevölkerrecht (DE-588)4132788-3 gnd Seeräuberei (DE-588)4128013-1 gnd Internationales Umweltrecht (DE-588)4027453-6 gnd Seeschifffahrt (DE-588)4054184-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Seevölkerrecht Seeräuberei Internationales Umweltrecht Seeschifffahrt |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026033427&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kraskajames internationalmaritimesecuritylaw AT pedrozoraula internationalmaritimesecuritylaw |