Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric infectious diseases:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia, Pa.
Elsevier
2013
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Pediatric clinics of North America
60,2 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index. - Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: new prospects for prevention and therapy -- Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections -- Neonatal infectious diseases: evaluation of neonatal sepsis -- Otitis media -- Acute sinusitis in children -- Bone and joint infections -- Approach to common bacterial infections: community-acquired pneumonia -- Rocky Mountain spotted fever in children -- Childhood parasitic infections endemic to the United States -- Infections in internationally adopted children -- Travel-related infections in children |
| Beschreibung: | XVII S., S. 335 - 543 Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781455771349 1455771341 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric infectious diseases |c ed. Chandy C. John |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of
Pediatrie
Infectious Diseases
Contents
Preface:
Pediatrie
Infectious Diseases
xv
Chandy
С
John
Neonatal Viral and Bacterial Infections
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: New Prospects for Prevention andTherapy
335
Elizabeth C, Swanson and Mark R. Schleiss
Cytomegatovirus is the commonest congenital viral infection in the devel¬
oped world, with an overall prevalence of approximately
0.6%.
Approxi¬
mately
10%
of congenitally infected infants have signs and symptoms of
disease at birth, and these symptomatic infants have a substantial risk of
subsequent neurologic sequelae. These include sensorineural hearing
¡oss,
mental retardation, microcephaly, development delay, seizure disor¬
ders, and cerebral palsy. Antiviral therapy for children with symptomatic
congenital
cyîomegalovirus
infection is effective at reducing the risk of
long-term disabilities and should be offered to families with affected
newborns. An effective preconceptual vaccine against CMV could protect
against long-term neurologic sequelae and other disabilities.
Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
351
Swetha
G. Pînnîntî
and David W.
Kimberlin
Neonata!
herpes simplex virus infections are uncommon, but because of
the morbidity and mortality associated with the infection they are often
considered in the differential diagnosis of ill neonaies. The use of polymer-
ase chain reaction for diagnosis of central nervous system infections and
the development of safe and effective antivira! therapy has revolutionized
the diagnosis and management of these infants. Initiation of long-term an¬
tiviral
soppressile
therapy in these Wants has led to significant improve¬
ment in morbidity. This
artide
summarizes the epidemiology of neonatal
herpes simplex
viros
infections and discusses clinical presentation, diag¬
nosis, management, and follow up of infants with neonatal herpes disease.
Neonatal Infectious Diseases: Evaluation of Neonatal Sepsis
367
Andres
Caraacho-Gonzaîez,
Paul W. Spearman, and Barbara J.
Sto
11
Neonatal sepsis remains a feared cause of morbidity and mortality in the
neonatal period.
Maternai
neonatal, and environmental factors are asso¬
ciated with risk of infection, and a combination of prevention strategies,
judicious
neonata!
evaluation, and early initiation of therapy are required
to prevent adverse outcomes. This article reviews recent trends in epide¬
miology and provides an update on risk factors, diagnostic methods, and
management of neonatal sepsis.
Contents
Childhood Bacterial Infections
Otitis
Media
391
Michael E. Pichichero
Acute
otitis
media (AOM) is diagnosed based on visualization of a full or
bulging tympanic membrane with middle ear effusion. The distribution of
bacteria causing AOM in North America under the influence of pneumococ-
cal conjugate vaccination and antibiotic selection pressure has resulted
in a predominance of
ß-lactamase-producing Haemophilus
influenzáé
followed by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Although
guidelines continue to endorse amoxicillin as the preferred treatment,
amoxlcillin/clavulanate in high dosage would be the preferred treatment
based on the otopathogen mix currently. Antibiotic prophylaxis has fallen
into disfavor as a preventative strategy for AOM recurrences.
Acute Sinusitis in Children
409
Itzhak
Brook
Acute rhinosinusitis is a common illness in children. Viral upper respira¬
tory tract infection is the most common presentation of rhinosinusitis.
Most children resolve the infection spontaneously and only a small pro¬
portion develops a secondary bacterial infection. The proper choice of
antibiotic therapy depends on the likely infecting pathogens, bacterial an¬
tibiotic resistance, and
pharmacologie
profiles of antibiotics. Amoxicillin-
clavulanate is currently recommended as the empiric treatment in those
requiring antimicrobial therapy. Isolation of the causative agents should
be considered in those who failed the initial treatment. In addition to an¬
tibiotics, adjuvant therapies and surgery may be used in the management
of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.
Bone and Joint Infections
425
Markus Pääkkönen
and
Heikki Peltola
An acute osteoarticular infection in a child is most often hematogenous.
The infection manifests as osteomyelitis or septic arthritis. The most com¬
mon causative organism is Staphylococcus aureus. Medical advice is
usually sought within
2
to
6
days from the onset of symptoms. A child
with an osteomyelitis in a lower extremity characteristically presents with
limping with or without notable local tenderness, whereas acute septic
arthritis is often readily visible because the joint is red, tender, and swollen.
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment remain pivotal in avoiding complica¬
tions in acute bacterial bone and joint infections.
Approach to Common Bacterial Infections: Community-Acquired Pneumonia
437
Pui-Ying iroh Tarn
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) occurs more often in early child¬
hood than at almost any other age. Many microorganisms are associated
with pneumonia, but individual pathogens are difficult to identify, which
poses problems in antibiotic management. This article reviews the common
as well as new, emerging pathogens, as well as the guidelines for manage¬
ment of
pediatric
CAP. Current guidelines for
pediatric
CAP continue
Contents xi
to recommend the use of high-dose amoxicillin for bacterial CAP and
azithromycin for suspected atypical CAP (usually caused by Mycoplasma
pneumoniae) in children.
Childhood Tick-Borne and Parasitic Infections
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Children
455
Charles R. Woods
Rocky Mountain spotted fever is typically undifferentiated from many other
infections in the first few days of illness. Treatment should not be delayed
pending confirmation of infection when Rocky Mountain spotted fever is
suspected. Doxycycline is the drug of choice even for infants and children
less than
8
years old.
Childhood Parasitic Infections Endemic to the United States
471
Meagan A. Barry, Jill E. Weatherhead, Peter J. Hotez, and Laila Woc-Colburn
Endemic parasitic infections in the United States are more frequent than is
commonly perceived. Intestinal parasitic infection with Cryptosporidium,
Dientamoeba, and Giardia occurs most often in children in northern states
during the summer months. Zoonotic Toxocara and Toxoplasma parasitic
infections are more frequent in southern states, in African Americans,
and in populations with lower socioeconomic status. Approximately
300, 000
people in the United States have Trypanosoma
cruzi
infection.
Local, vector-borne transmission of
Τ
cruzi
and Leishmania infections
has been documented in southern states. Parasitic diseases endemic to
the United States are not uncommon but are understudied.
Infections in Immigrant andTraveling Children
Infections in Internationally Adopted Children
487
Judith K. Eckerle, Cynthia R. Howard, and Chandy C. John
Thousands of international adoptees join families in the United States
every year. Many have been in institutional care and are from countries
or areas with a high risk of several infectious diseases. Focused infectious
disease testing is important to ensure the health of the adoptee, as well as
their new family and the larger community in which they now live. Newly
arrived internationally adopted children should be screened for specific
infections, including viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. They should
ideally be seen shortly after arrival by a multidisciplinary team at a center
specializing in international adoption.
Travel-Related Infections in Children
507
Thomas G. Fox, John J. Manaloor, and John
С
Christenson
Malaria, diarrhea, respiratory infections, and cutaneous larva
migräns
are
common travel-related infections observed in children and adolescents
returning from trips
ίο
developing countries. Children visiting friends and
relatives are at the highest risk because few visit travel clinics before travel,
their stays are ¡onger, and the sites they visit are more rural. Clinicians
xii Contents
must be able to prepare their pediatric-age travelers before departure with
preventive education, prophylactic and self-treating medications, and vac¬
cinations. Familiarity with the clinical manifestations and treatment of
travel-related infections will secure prompt and effective therapy.
Index
529
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| spelling | Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric infectious diseases ed. Chandy C. John Philadelphia, Pa. Elsevier 2013 XVII S., S. 335 - 543 Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Pediatric clinics of North America 60,2 Clinics review articles Includes bibliographical references and index. - Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: new prospects for prevention and therapy -- Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections -- Neonatal infectious diseases: evaluation of neonatal sepsis -- Otitis media -- Acute sinusitis in children -- Bone and joint infections -- Approach to common bacterial infections: community-acquired pneumonia -- Rocky Mountain spotted fever in children -- Childhood parasitic infections endemic to the United States -- Infections in internationally adopted children -- Travel-related infections in children Communicable diseases / Children Infants Communicable diseases Child Child, Preschool Infant Kind Infektionskrankheit (DE-588)4026879-2 gnd rswk-swf Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Infektionskrankheit (DE-588)4026879-2 s Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 s DE-604 John, Chandy C. Sonstige oth Pediatric clinics of North America 60,2 (DE-604)BV000001093 60,2 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025937600&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric infectious diseases Pediatric clinics of North America Communicable diseases / Children Infants Communicable diseases Child Child, Preschool Infant Kind Infektionskrankheit (DE-588)4026879-2 gnd Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4026879-2 (DE-588)4030550-8 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric infectious diseases |
| title_auth | Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric infectious diseases |
| title_exact_search | Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric infectious diseases |
| title_full | Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric infectious diseases ed. Chandy C. John |
| title_fullStr | Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric infectious diseases ed. Chandy C. John |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric infectious diseases ed. Chandy C. John |
| title_short | Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric infectious diseases |
| title_sort | advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric infectious diseases |
| topic | Communicable diseases / Children Infants Communicable diseases Child Child, Preschool Infant Kind Infektionskrankheit (DE-588)4026879-2 gnd Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Communicable diseases / Children Infants Communicable diseases Child Child, Preschool Infant Kind Infektionskrankheit Aufsatzsammlung |
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