Statul Major General român: (1859 - 1950) ; organizare şi atribuţii funcţionale
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Romanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bucureşti
Ed. Militară
2012
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung und Inh.-Verz. in engl. und franz. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 408 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9789733208990 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Statul Major General român |b (1859 - 1950) ; organizare şi atribuţii funcţionale |c Ion Giurcă ; Maria Georgescu |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804150226032787456 |
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| adam_text | CUPRINS
CUVANT-INAJNTE
............................................................................................... 13
INTRODUCERE
.................................................................................................... 15
PRELIMINARII ALE CONSTITUIRII STATULUI MAJOR GENERAL.
STRUCTURI DE COMANDĂ ŞI STAT MAJOR
(1830-1858)
-Maria
Georgescu
.... 25
STATUL MAJOR GENERAL ŞI MARELE CARTIER GENERAL ÎN ARMATA
ROMÂNIEI MODERNE
(1859-1914) -
Maria
Georgescu
................................... 37
Crearea şi activitatea Statului Major General
(1859-1866) ............................ 37
Statul Major General şi Corpul de Stat Major
(1866-1878) ........................... 52
Marele Cartier General în perioada Războiului pentru Independenţă
(1877-1878)........................................................................................................... 65
Statul Major General şi Marele Cartier General
(1878-1914)........................ 73
MARELE STAT MAJOR ŞI MARELE CARTIER GENERAL ÎN PERIOADA
1914-1919-
Ion Giurcă
..........................................................................................101
Marele Stat Major în perioada neutralităţii
.....................................................104
Marele Cartier General şi Marele Stat Major în perioada Războiului de
întregire a României
.............................................................................................113
Statul Major Generai în perioada august-noiem brie
1916................................114
Marele Cartier General în perioada decembrie 1916-mai
1918.........................129
Marele Cartier General şi Marele Stat Major în perioada campaniei din
anii
1918-1919............................................................................................159
MARELE STAT MAJOR ÎN PERIOADA INTERBELICĂ
-
Ion Giurcă
............177
Cadrul legislativ al organizării şi funcţionării Marelui Stat Major
.................184
Organizarea Marelui Stat Major. Atribuţii ale structurilor subordonate
.........190
MARELE STAT MAJOR ŞI MARELE CARTIER GENERAL ÎN PERIOADA
PARTICIPĂRII ROMÂNIEI LA CEL DE-AL DOILEA RĂZBOI MONDIAL
— Ion Giurcă
............................................................................................................225
Marele Cartier General şi Marele Stat Major în perioada războiului pe Frontul
de Est
......................................................................................................................229
Marele Stat Major în perioada războiului în cadrul coaliţiei Naţiunilor
Unite
......................................................................................................................263
MARELE STAT MAJOR ÎN PERIOADA
1945-1950 -
Ion Giurcă
....................277
ION
Gì
URCĂ,
MARIA GEORGESCU
LISTĂ ANEXE
....................................................................................................287
ANEXE
................................................................................................................. 285
SUMMARY
..........................................................................................................367
RESUME..............................................................................................................
375
ABREVIERI
........................................................................................................382
BIBLIOGRAFIE
.................................................................................................383
INDICE DE NUME
.............................................................................................391
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
......................................................................................................... 13
INTRODUCTION
.................................................................................................. 15
PRELIMINARIES TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE GENERAL STAFF.
COMMAND AND STAFF STRUCTURES
(1830-1858) -
Maria Georgescu
........ 25
THE GENERAL STAFF AND THE GENERAL HEADQUARTERS IN MODERN
ROMANIA ARMED FORCES
(1859-1914)
-Maria Georgescu
........................... 37
The Establishment and Activity of the General Staff
(1859-1866)...................... 37
The General
Staffano
the Staff Corps
(1866-1878) ....................................... 52
The General Headquarters during the War of Independence
(1877-1878) ... 65
The General Staff and the Romanian General Headquarters
(1878-1914) .... 73
THE GREAT GENERAL STAFF AND THE GENERAL HEADQUARTERS
BETWEEN
1914-1919 -
Ion
Giurcă
.....................................................................101
The Great General Staff during the Neutrality Period
..................................104
The General Headquarters and the Great General Staff during Romania s
Reunification War
.................................................................................................113
The General Staff between August and November
1916 ...................................114
The General Headquarters between December
1916
and May
1918 ..................129
The General Headquarters and the Great General Staff during the Campaign
between
1918
and
1919......................................................................................159
THE GREAT GENERAL STAFF IN THE INTERWAR YEARS
-
Ion
Giurcă
... 177
The Legal Framework for the Great General Staff Organisation and
Functioning
...........................................................................................................184
The Great General Staff Organisation. Subordinate Structures Responsibilities
...190
THE GREAT GENERAL STAFF AND THE GENERAL HEADQUARTERS
DURING ROMANIA S PARTICIPATION IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR
-Ion
Giurcă
............................................................................................................225
The General Headquarters and the Great General Staff during the War on
the Eastern Front
..................................................................................................229
The Great General Staff during the War within the United Nations
Coalition
................................................................................................................263
THE GREAT GENERAL STAFF BETWEEN
1945
and
1950 -
Ion
Giurcă
.......277
ION
GIURCÃ,
MARIA GEORGESCU
LIST OF APPENDICES
.......................................................................................297
APPENDICES
.......................................................................................................299
SUMMARY
...........................................................................................................383
RESUME
...............................................................................................................391
ABBREVIATIONS
...............................................................................................382
BIBLIOGRAPHY
.................................................................................................383
INDEX OF NAMES
.............................................................................................391
SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS
.................................................................................................. 13
INTRODUCTION
................................................................................................. 15
PRELIMINAIRES DE LA MISE EN PLACE DE L ETAT-MAJOR GENERAL.
STRUCTURES DE COMMANDEMENT ET D ETAT-MAJOR
(1830-1858)
— Maria Georgescu
.................................................................................................. 25
L ETAT-MAJOR GENERAL ET LE GRAND QUARTIER GENERAL DANS
L ARMEE DE LA ROUMANIE MODERNE
(1859-1914) -
Maria Georgescu
... 37
La création et l activité de l Etat-Major Général
(1859-1866)....................... 37
L Etat-Major Général et le Corps d Etat-Major
(1866-1878) ........................ 52
Le Grand Quartier Général dans la Guerre pour l Indépendance
(1877-1878) ......................................................................................................... 65
L Etat-Major Général et le Grand Quartier Général
(1878-1914)................. 73
LE GRAND ETAT-MAJOR ET LE GRAND QUARTIER GENERAL DE
1914
A 1919-/o«
Giurcă
.............................................................................................. 101
Le Grand Etat-Major durant la neutralité
..................................................... 104
Le Grand Quartier Général et le Grand Etat-Major dans la Guerre pour la
Réunification de la Roumanie
........................................................................ 113
ĽEtat-Major
Général de aoûtà novembre
1916............................................... 114
ĽEtat-Major
Général de décembre
1916
à mai
1918 ...................................... 129
Le Grand Quartier General et le Grand Etat-Major dans la Campagne des aimées
1918-1919 .................................................................................................. 159
LE GRAND ETAT-MAJOR DANS L ENTRE-DEUX-GUERRES
-
Ion
Giurcă
..... 177
L ensemble législatif de l organisation et du fonctionnement du Grand
Etat-Major
............................................................................................................ 184
L organisation du Grand Etat-Major. Attributions des structures subordonnées
.... 190
LE GRAND ETAT-MAJOR ET LE GRAND QUARTIER GENERAL DURANT
LA PARTICIPATION DE LA ROUMANIE A LA DEUXIEME GUERRE
MONDIALE
-
Ion
Giurcă
.................................................................................... 225
Le Grand Quartier Général et le Grand Etat-Major dans la guerre sur le
Front de l Est
........................................................................................................ 229
ĽEtat-Major
Général dans la guerre aux côtés de la coalition des Nations Unies
... 263
12
ION GIURCĂ,
MARIA GEORGESCU
LE GRAND
ETAT-MAJOR DANS LA PERIODE
1945-1950 -
Ion Giurcă
...... 277
LISTE
DES ANNEXES
....................................................................................... 297
ANNEXES
........................................................................................................... 299
SUMMARY ..........................................................................................................
383
RÉSUMÉ
.............................................................................................................. 391
ABREVIATIONS
................................................................................................. 382
BIBLIOGRAPHIE
................,............................................................................. 383
INDEX DES NOMS
............................................................................................ 391
SUMMARY
The General Staff (Great General Staff), a military organisation, planning
and command structure, was established and developed in the 19th century, in the
context of military strength increase, branch diversification, and military operati¬
ons complexity on land, at sea, and, starting the 20th century, in the air.
France and Germany were the European states where the first general staff
structures were established and officers were prepared in the following specialties:
activities related to knowledge of probable theatres of operations; military maps
development; reconnaissance missions; operations and battles planning and orga¬
nisation; development of theoretical papers, instructions, orders and dispositions
necessary for the military system functioning in peacetime and at war.
The example of the two states was followed by the armed forces of other Eu¬
ropean states. Therefore, when the First World War broke
aut,
all national armed
forces had a General Staff (Great General Staff) organised, having similar respon¬
sibilities and some specific elements determined by both objective and subjective
factors.
Romanian Principalities (Moldova and Wallachia) had again, starting
1830,
national armed forces with incipient staff structures. It was only in
1859,
once the
Principalities got united and the modern Romanian State was created, that the Uni¬
ted Principalities General Staff Corps was established, through the Order of the Day
°n
12/24
November, issued by Prince
Alexandru
loan I
(1859-1866).
After Romania gained its independence as a state, which was recognised by
the Treaty of Berlin
(1878),
the Great General Staff was established, following the
igh Royal Decree no.
2 945
in
1882,
as a permanent structure having clearly de¬
nned organisation and responsibilities.
The Law on the Staff Service, adopted in March
1883,
generated the favou¬
rable framework for the development of the structure that was meant to organise,
mobilise and command the armed forces in the military theatre of operations, and,
mplicitly, to coordinate and put in practice the armed forces reform in peacetime.
According to this law, the staff service of the armed forces, under the name of the
Great General Staff, as well as the staff service of the army corps and divisions, was
organised and made operational.
The Law on the Staff Service in May
1895
brought important and lasting
changes regarding the organisation, responsibilities and personnel of these structu-
ION
GIURCĂ,
MARIA GEORGESCU
res. A few years later, in November
1899,
a new Regulation on the staff service was
issued, providing details regarding the personnel responsibilities and recruitment
within this structure.
The development of general staffs during the first years of the 20th century
put greater emphasis on preparing officers for such a service within the Superior
War School where, in
1909,
a complementary staff course was established, which
could be attended by the graduates of this military educational institution, as well
as by captains belonging to any branch, who successfully passed the theoretical and
practical examination before the Staff Committee.
The Regulation on the Law on the Staff Service, in
1909,
with the modifica¬
tions in
1912,
stipulated the organisation of the Armed Forces General Staff- the
active part, with responsibilities for commanding military operations, under the
authority of the sovereign or the crown prince, as well as of the Great General Staff
-
the sedentary part, subordinated to the Minister of War.
As in
1877,
in the summer of
1913,
the General Headquarters was mobilised
and made operational. Within it, the Staff Service performed general and specific
duties under the command of General
Alexandru Averescu.
Up to the outbreak of the First World War, staff structures played an impor¬
tant part in the Romanian military body modernisation, developed the country
defence concept, materialised in operational plans, prepared the large units for war
within the royal manoeuvres, led military operations in the years of the War of In¬
dependence
(1877-1878)
and in those of the Romanian Armed Forces participation
in the Second Balkan War
(1913).
The outbreak of the First World War, in the summer of
1914,
found the
planning and management structures at the strategic level having well
-
established
and consolidated organisation and functional responsibilities. The participation of
the Romanian Armed Forces in the Campaign in
1913
in Bulgaria allowed for the
verification and assessment of the system validity, which led to the reconsideration
of some aspects in this regard in the period that followed.
In March
1914,
through the Order of the Day no.
48,
some changes were
made as far as the structure of the Great General Staff was concerned, in agreement
with some requirements resulting from military practice, especially following the
diversification of branches and military specialties and the increasing complexity of
activities organisation, planning, and troops command.
The changes in the Great General Staff order of battle (staffing) were aimed
at enhancing the quality of its activity, the stability of the chiefs of structures and
the personnel with special responsibilities regarding the preparation of the armed
forces for the war that was considered inevitable for Romania too.
However, the measure adopted by the Great General Staff at the end of
1914,
to suspend the courses of the Superior War School, remained inexplicable and to¬
tally unjustified, in disagreement with the armed forces mobilisation plan, which
required the increase in the number of officers holding a staff college certificate,
especially for the newly established commands.
The Romanian Armed Forces mobilisation in August
1916
revealed the exis¬
tence of a big deficit in staff officers, which affected military operations planning
STATUL MAJOR GENERAL ROMAN
(1859-1950).
Organizare ¡i atribuţii funcţionale
369
and conducting in the summer and autumn of
1916.
During the Campaign in
1916,
besides some achievements, a series of failures in the activity of the Genera] Staff oc¬
curred, for different reasons. The failures were caused by the organisation and the
adopted working style, by the sometimes tense relations between the chiefs of struc¬
tures, against a background of some different views regarding current activities
and certain appointments. The malfunctions in the General Staff activity required
the reorganisation of the
1st
Echelon, on
4/17
October
1916,
a disputable measure,
contrary to the previously established rules, by subordinating the Great General
Staff- the sedentary part, to the General Headquarters.
October
1916
was marked by the intense cooperation with the French Military
Mission in Romania, by the interference of the Russian Military Mission in the activi¬
ty of the Romanian General Headquarters with some of the worst consequences.
The way military operations were conducted on the Romanian front gene¬
rated negative assessments of the General Staff. Therefore, at the beginning of De¬
cember
1916,
General
Dumitru
Iliescu
was replaced with General
Constantin Pre-
zan, and the sections and bureaus were staffed by officers agreed by the new leader.
The appointment of General
С
Prezan as Chief of the General Staff made some
officers in the General Staff request their moving to other positions.
As Chief of the General Staff,
С
Prezan had notable achievements, as fol¬
lows: concentration and reorganisation of the army in Moldova; imposition of the
Romanian point of view with regard to the campaign plan on the front in Moldova
in the summer of
1917;
victories in the operations in
Mărăşti, Mărăşeşti
and Oituz;
restoration of order that was highly affected by the Russian Bolshevik troops betwe¬
en the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester, which provided the unionist forces in
Basarabia,
united with Romania in March
1918,
with freedom of action.
The establishment of the government led by
Alexandru Marghiloman,
in
March
1918,
was followed by the removal of General
С
Prezan from office and the
appointment of General
Constantin
Christescu, agreed by the new Prime Minister,
as Chief of the General Staff.
The signing of the Peace Treaty of Bucharest
(24
April/7 May
1918)
with the
Central Powers represented a political act that was totally unfavourable to Romania,
which required the demobilisation of the Romanian Armed Forces, the General
Headquarters included.
The Armed Forces General Staff had an organisation that was similar to the
°ne during the neutrality period, followed by a redistribution of bureaus within sec¬
tions, a new working style, the personnel responsibilities being related to the prepa¬
ration of the armed forces for re-entering the war alongside the Entente Powers.
The summer and autumn of
1918
were marked by seizing strategic initiati¬
ve and, eventually, by the victory of the Entente Powers over the Central Powers.
The end of the war found Romania and its armed forces on the side of the Entente
Powers, with forces in Bucovina and
Basarabia,
menaced by the Bolshevik Russian
a«d Ukrainian troops, in the process of remobilising the large units meant to enter
Transilvania,
up to the
Mureş,
the demarcation line established in Belgrade by the
French, Serbian and Hungarian military leadership.
370
ION
GIURCÃ,
MARIA GEORGESCU
Starting November
1918,
the General Headquarters and the Great Gene¬
ral Staff coexisted, having specific organisation and responsibilities, initially in
Iaşi
and then in Bucharest, where the royal family, the parliament and the government
came back.
Up to August
1919,
the General Headquarters led military operations in
Ba¬
sarabia,
Bucovina,
Počutia,
Transilvania
and Hungary, covering a large area, be¬
tween the Dniester and the Middle Danube, on the east-west axis. It was a period
when no major changes occurred as far as the organisation and responsibilities of
the structures were concerned, except for the ones generated by the provisions of
Decree-Law no.
1579
on
18
April
1919,
through which some changes were made
to the Law on the Ministry of War Organisation, followed by a new organisation of
the Great General Staff, even if the General Headquarters continued its activity up
to the spring of
1920.
During the interwar period, the Great General Staff organisation and res¬
ponsibilities were established in accordance with the newly created regulatory fra¬
mework, with the requirements resulted from the evolution of the geopolitical and
geostrategic situation, with the changes in the military art, when the place and the
role of the military services and branches changed.
The Constitution of Unified Romania in
1923,
the laws related to the armed
forces organisation in
1924, 1930
and
1932,
the Law on the Ministries Organisation
in
1929,
the Law on the Ministry of National Defence Organisation and Functio¬
ning in
1939
lay at the basis of the normative framework regarding the organisation
and duties of the Great General Staff and its component divisions, directorates,
sections and bureaus.
Theoretical papers, laws, regulations, orders and dispositions, issued in the
interwar period, generated the legal framework necessary for the successive orga¬
nisation of the Great General Staff, the establishment of the duties of the structures
and the personnel that manned them.
The organisation of the Great General Staff considered the requirements
arising from the commitments assumed through the achievement of the collective
security system as well as from the concept of the use offerees on the eastern, wes¬
tern and southern front.
The responsibilities and the collaboration and cooperation relationships be¬
tween the structures of the Great General Staff were well
-
established and sta¬
ted, starting from the idea that the Activity of all Great General Staff component
elements has to be characterised by collaboration, cooperation, coordination, har¬
mony, unity and perfect convergence for the good preparation of the armed forces
for war .
This goal was largely achieved, in the context in which basic positions were
filled by officers who were well
-
prepared, devoted to work and experienced in
war.
The most profound and long-lasting transformation was that in
1927,
the
organisation provided by General Nicolae Samsonovici remaining in force up to
1936.
For the proper performance of duties in the case of war, the practical aspect
of the staff officers activity was focused on, through the staff courses and exercises,
on the map and in the field, staff trips and royal manoeuvres.
STATUL MAJOR GENERAL ROMÂN
(1859-1950).
Organizare şi atribuţii funcţionale
371
The appointment of
General
Florea
Ţenescu
as Chief of the Great
General
Staff, on
1
February
1939,
was followed by a new organisation of the structure, ai¬
med at simplifying and enhancing the activity of sections and bureaus.
A new organisation of the Great General Staff was adopted and came into
force on
1
April
1940,
when some changes were made, mainly determined by the
arrival of the German Military Mission in Romania, by the necessity to regulate the
collaboration and cooperation relations with Romania s new
de
facto ally.
The element of novelty related to the organisation of the Great General Staff,
established on
28
December
1940,
was represented by the fact that the Air Staff and
the Navy Staff were included.
The changes made to the organisation of the Great General Staff up to June
1941,
even though not profound, were aimed at the general and specific duties
effectiveness, at the prospect of the country s entry into war, which was predictable
for the head of state and the Chief of the Great General Staff.
The outbreak of the German-Soviet War on
22
June
1941,
in which Romania
engaged with a view to recovering the territories ceded to the Soviet Union, was
also accompanied by the mobilisation of the General Headquarters, led by General
Alexandru Ioaniţiu,
directly subordinated to the head of state, within which the
1st
Echelon was meant to plan and conduct operations, being soon set up in Odo-
beşti.
The General Headquarters functioned having the structure established on
22
June
1941
and under the specific conditions determined by the German imposition
regarding conducting operations up to
22
November
1941,
when it was disbanded,
the sections and bureaus re-entering the structure of the Great General Staff that
also included the armed forces services staffs (land, air, navy). The new structure
had a short existence, up to January
1942,
when it returned to the organisation in
the spring of
1940.
Starting January
1942,
Marshal Ion Antonescu renounced the position oi
minister of national defence, appointing General
Constantin Pantazi
to this office,
and General Hie
Şteflea
as Chief of the Great General Staff, both cooperating fairly
well with the head of state up to
23
August
1944,
when they were removed from
office following the
coup d état.
,.
The summer of
1942
was marked by controversies regarding the subordina¬
tion of the Great General Staff to the Ministry of National Defence, reaching up to
General Hie
Şteflea
tendering the resignation, which was not accepted by Marshal
Ion Antonescu.
,
д.
lf u·
ι
The slow pace of the German offensive over Stalingrad made Adolf Hitler
request that important Romanian troops should be sent in the area of operations^
To that end, on
8
August
1942,
the
1st
Echelon of the General Headquarters was
mobilised and sent to Rostov on the Don, having the mission to coordinate the in¬
flux and entry into the disposition of the troops belonging to the Romanian
3rd
and
4th armies, north and south of Stalingrad.
,
The
1st
Echelon
(58
officers,
8
NCOs and
7
civil servants) ensured the^suc¬
cessful completion of the mission. Hitler s plan to establish Marsha An^
^
G i k i Bucharest to estabhs
sful completion of the mission. Hitlers plan t ^
^У
Group was followed by the decision taken in Bucharest to estabhs
Marchai
Antomacu Army Group Headquarters, which had to be set up in Novocherkassk.
372
I°N
GIURCÄ,
MARIA GEORGESCU
The newly designed structure led to the disbandment of the
1st
Echelon of
the General Headquarters and its inclusion in Marshal Antonescu Army Group
Headquarters. Following the proposed organisation, the Chief of the Great General
Staff was directly subordinated to the head of state.
The unfavourable conduct of military operations in Stalingrad area was fol¬
lowed by the decision to evacuate the Romanian troops to the country, context in
which, from Rostov, the
1st
Echelon coordinated operations up to
15
January
1943,
when it began to move to the country to be demobilised.
On
16
October
1943,
a new organisation of the Great General Staff was esta¬
blished, in agreement with the requirements arisen from Romania s political and
military situation, which was more and more difficult, against a background of de¬
feats on the front and British and American aerial bombardments over the strategic
objectives on the territory of the country.
The Law on the Armed Forces Organisation on
28
October
1943
stipulated
the responsibilities of the Great General Staff, the fact that its chief and deputy chi¬
efs had the rank of Minister-Secretary of State.
In the spring of
1944,
the
1st
Echelon of the Great General Staff was re-mobi¬
lised and installed in Schineni, context in which new tension occurred in the relati¬
onship between General Hie
Şteflea
and Marshal Ion Antonescu, which culminated
with a new request of replacement, rejected by the head of state.
The
coup d état on
23
August
1944,
followed by Romania s siding with the
United Nations and by forming
Constantin
Sănătescu
Government in Bucharest,
brought General Gheorghe
Mihail
back as Chief of the Great General Staff in Ro¬
mania. He was delegated by King Mihai I to command the operations of all land,
air and naval forces on his behalf, up to the establishment of future command rela¬
tionships with the United Nations troops.
Between
23
August and
7
September
1944,
having the same organisation, the
Great General Staff was the command structure for some operations and activities
having strategic importance. After
7
September, it lost this attribute, in the context
in which the Romanian operational army was subordinated to the commander of
the
2nd
Ukrainian Front.
Under the constraints imposed by the Allied (Soviet) Control Commission,
the structure of the Romanian Great General Staff was changed in agreement with
the assigned responsibilities, the most radical transformation following the fact that
the provisions of Instructions on
21
May
1945
came into force. Even if the Soviets
exerted big pressure, a regulation regarding the internal service in the Great Ge¬
neral Staff was developed and implemented, document unanimously appreciated
as being well conceived and developed, in the context of transition to peace, during
May-August
1945.
Up to
15
June
1946,
there were no major changes in the structure of the Great
General Staff. Once Law no.
452
was adopted, on
15
June
1946,
the Great General
Staff was placed among the superior command bodies meant to prepare the armed
forces and the territory for war, being assigned functional responsibilities. Details
related to it were to be established through the order of the Minister of War.
The difficult problems regarding the organisation and responsibilities were
generated by the fact that the outcomes of the Paris Peace Conference, which was
STATUL MAJOR GENERAL ROMÂN
(1859-1950).
Organizare şi atribuţii funcţionale
373
in progress, were not known, and by the more and more powerful trend towards
adopting the Soviet model of military organisation. The situation was somehow
settled by issuing the Law on the Ministry of National Defence Organisation and
Functioning on
21
June
1947,
which stipulated the general responsibilities of the
Great General Staff.
The abdication of King Mihai I and the proclamation of the People s Repu¬
blic of Romania, on
30
December
1947,
were followed by the development and
adoption of a new Constitution, on
13
April
1948.
Although the Law on the Minis¬
try of National Defence Organisation and Functioning remained in force in
1948,
through decrees and orders, a new order of battle was established for the Great
General Staff, in which the tendency to politicise the structure and functional res¬
ponsibilities was evident.
Starting
1
February
1949,
the Great General Staff was organised into
14
sec¬
tions, staffed by new personnel, well checked with regard to their political attitude,
the positive aspect being the appointment of some generals and officers who were
well prepared, experienced in war, the majority of chiefs of sections and bureaus
being graduates of the Superior War School in Bucharest. The politicisation of the
armed forces reached its climax with the appointment of Leontin
Sălăjan
as Chief
of the Great General Staff, on
18
March
1950.
He was directly given the rank of
major general, although he had no military education and training. The presence
of Leontin
Sălăjan
as Chief of the Great General Staff was an abnormal moment in
the life of this basic structure of the Romanian Armed Forces. It was only in
1954
that the normal state was restored, when General Ion Tutoveanu was appointed
chief of this high command, and he led its destiny up to
1965.
Between
1955
and
1989,
the Great General Staff adapted its organisation, responsibilities and working
style to the specific conditions in the country and the armed forces, resulting from
the status of a member of the Warsaw Treaty Organisation, as well as from the
policy promoted after
1968.
Against a background of profound internal and inter¬
national changes, starting
1990,
the organisation, planning and strategic command
structure, renamed the General Staff in
1994,
focused its effort on conceiving and
implementing certain reforms aimed at the transformation of the Romanian Armed
Forces into a body connected to the requirements and obligations assumed within
the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and the European Union.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Giurcă, Ion 1953- Georgescu, Maria 1947- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1160644055 (DE-588)140341366 |
| author_facet | Giurcă, Ion 1953- Georgescu, Maria 1947- |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Giurcă, Ion 1953- |
| author_variant | i g ig m g mg |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040928218 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)844048161 (DE-599)BVBBV040928218 |
| era | Geschichte 1859-1950 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1859-1950 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Rumänien |
| id | DE-604.BV040928218 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:35:33Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789733208990 |
| language | Romanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025907207 |
| oclc_num | 844048161 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 408 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Ed. Militară |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Giurcă, Ion 1953- Verfasser (DE-588)1160644055 aut Statul Major General român (1859 - 1950) ; organizare şi atribuţii funcţionale Ion Giurcă ; Maria Georgescu Bucureşti Ed. Militară 2012 408 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung und Inh.-Verz. in engl. und franz. Sprache Geschichte 1859-1950 gnd rswk-swf Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 g Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 s Geschichte 1859-1950 z DE-604 Georgescu, Maria 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)140341366 aut Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025907207&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025907207&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Giurcă, Ion 1953- Georgescu, Maria 1947- Statul Major General român (1859 - 1950) ; organizare şi atribuţii funcţionale Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4039305-7 (DE-588)4050939-4 |
| title | Statul Major General român (1859 - 1950) ; organizare şi atribuţii funcţionale |
| title_auth | Statul Major General român (1859 - 1950) ; organizare şi atribuţii funcţionale |
| title_exact_search | Statul Major General român (1859 - 1950) ; organizare şi atribuţii funcţionale |
| title_full | Statul Major General român (1859 - 1950) ; organizare şi atribuţii funcţionale Ion Giurcă ; Maria Georgescu |
| title_fullStr | Statul Major General român (1859 - 1950) ; organizare şi atribuţii funcţionale Ion Giurcă ; Maria Georgescu |
| title_full_unstemmed | Statul Major General român (1859 - 1950) ; organizare şi atribuţii funcţionale Ion Giurcă ; Maria Georgescu |
| title_short | Statul Major General român |
| title_sort | statul major general roman 1859 1950 organizare si atributii functionale |
| title_sub | (1859 - 1950) ; organizare şi atribuţii funcţionale |
| topic | Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Militär Rumänien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025907207&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025907207&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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