Rzymski Peloponez: greckie elity polityczne wobec cesarstwa
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Kraków
Towarzystwo Wydawnicze "Historia Iagellonica"
2011
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Notos
5 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Roman Peloponnese Bibliogr. s. [289]-312. Indeksy |
| Beschreibung: | 328 s., mapa [1] k. kolor. złoż. Ill., Kt. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788362261307 |
Internformat
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| 264 | 1 | |a Kraków |b Towarzystwo Wydawnicze "Historia Iagellonica" |c 2011 | |
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| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Notos |v 5 | |
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Roman Peloponnese | ||
| 500 | |a Bibliogr. s. [289]-312. Indeksy | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Elita (nauki społeczne) / Grecja / Peloponez / starożytność |2 jhpk | |
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| 651 | 7 | |a Rzym (państwo) / polityka i rządy / 30 a.C.-284 |2 jhpk | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Grecja / polityka i rządy / do 146 a.C. |2 jhpk | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Peloponez (Grecja) / polityka i rządy / starożytność |2 jhpk | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
Wykaz skrótów
.......................................................................................................... 7
Wstęp
........................................................................................................................... 9
ROZDZIAŁ I
Prowincja Achaia i miasta Peloponezu
...........................................................21
Sytuacja ekonomiczna miast Peloponezu
........................................................23
Cesarze wobec miast Peloponezu
.....................................................................29
Przedstawiciele administracji rzymskiej na Peloponezie i ich związki
z lokalnymi elitami
...............................................................................................44
ROZDZIAŁ
II
Cives romani
w miastach Peloponezu
............................................................55
Rzymskie zasady, grecka praktyka
..................................................................... 55
Genńlida cesarskie na Peloponezie
.................................................................... 60
ROZDZIAŁ III
Instytucje życia politycznego miast greckich
................................................75
ЛгсЬе
i leitourgia
..................................................................................................... 91
Instytucje rzymskiej
Sparty
..............................................................................
Ill
EurykJidzi w Sparcie
......................................................................................... 125
ROZDZIAŁ
IV
Kapłani i arcykapłani kultu cesarskiego
....................................................... 139
Kapłani w koloniach
......................................................................................... 154
Archiereis koinon Achajów
..................................................................................157
ROZDZIAŁ
V
Agonotheci igrzysk ku czci cesarzy
................................................................ 165
ROZDZIAŁ
VI
Elita regionalna
....................................................................................................185
ROZDZIAŁ
VII
Koina na Peloponezie i ich dostojnicy
..........................................................213
Koinon Achajów
..................................................................................................213
Koinon Wolnych Lakonów
.................................................................................230
Miasta Peloponezu wobec Panhellenionu
.....................................................234
ROZDZIAŁ
VIII
Przedstawiciele miast Peloponezu wśród elity cesarstwa
........................247
Equités
..................................................................................................................248
Senatores ...............................................................................................................
257
Zaszczyty przyznawane
senatores
ï équités
w miastach Peloponezu
..............266
ZAKOŃCZENIE
.................................................................................................273
SUMMARY
............................................................................................................283
BIBLIOGRAFIA
..................................................................................................289
INDEKS OSÓB
...................................................................................................313
INDEX
LOCORUM
..........................................................................................325
THE ROMAN
PELOPONNESE.
THE ATTITUDE OF
GREEK POLITICAL ELITES TOWARDS THE EMPIRE
SUMMARY
The process of granting Roman citizenship to members of elites
Ín
Pelo-
ponnesian cities began in the second half of the 1st century B.C. To begin
with, it was quite limited, as evidenced e.g. by a small number of the
Antonii
confirmed epigraphically. When
Octavian
took over power and established
the province of Achaea, the known number of inhabitants of the
Pélopon¬
nèse
that became Roman citizens grew noticeably. People connected with
the Roman generals Antony,
Octavian
and
Agrippa
were among the first
Roman citizens from the
Péloponnèse.
Iulius and Claudius were the most
numerously represented names among the imperial
gentilicia.
On the whole
of the
Péloponnèse,
we know of
214
persons with the
nomen
Iulius and
271
with the
nomen Claudii.
The Flavii
(64
cases) and the Aelii
(58
people)
were the next in terms of the number persons we know of. The
Aurelii
(311
persons) were the most numerous group, the majority of which were
probably beneficiaries of the constitutio Antoniniana issued in
212.
The
nomina
Iulii and
Claudi
were the most frequent in Laconia, with
132
and 111 cases
respectively. The Claudii had a strong representation in
Argolida, Elis
and
Messenia. In the latter region it was the second most popular Roman
nomen,
closely following the
Aurelii
(43
and
59
people respectively). The Flavii,
64
of whom we know of on the whole of the
Péloponnèse,
were not as nume¬
rous as the other groups. The number of people with the
nomen Ulpius
was
also quite scarce; we know of only eleven people with this
gentiliäum,
eight
of whom came from Sparta. The latter city also had the highest confirmed
number of the Aelii. We know of nineteen people with this
nomen,
while
there were
39
of them in the other cities of the region. The case of the
most numerous
Aurelii
causes interpretation problems. We are rarely able
to determine with precision whether a person with this
nomen
received it
as a result of the constitutio Antoniniana or whether they already had it prior
to
212.
We know of
311
Peloponnesian
Aurelii,
with the majority, i.e.
155,
284 __________________
SUMMARY
coming from Sparta. We know of
59
persons with this
nomen
in the neigh¬
bouring Messenia, with Arcadia,
Argolida
and
Elis
following.
The best way to show loyalty towards the emperor and his family was
to become a priest of the imperial cult and to organise festivals and sacred
games dedicated to emperors. Some of the first priests of the imperial
cult from Peloponnesian cities were members of families which would
dominate the life of local communities until the end of the 2nd century: the
ТІ.
Claudii
from
Messene, C.
Iulii from Sparta, T.
Statuii
and Cn.
Cornelii
from Epidauros. Priestly functions, however, mostly served to confirm
the prestige and importance of these families on the
Péloponnèse.
Only
in the case of a handful of people can it be concluded that performing
priestly duties accelerated their promotion in the Roman social hierarchy.
The first senator from
Messene, Ti.
Claudius Frontinus, was a son of a
high priest and helladarch of the koinon of Achaeans,
Ti.
Claudius Saethida
Caelianus (I). A high priest of the
city cult in Messene
and Roman eques,
Ti.
Claudius Dionysius Crispianus, was a descendant of Nero s priest,
Ti.
Claudius Aristomenes. The first senator from Sparta,
С
Iulius Eurycles
Herculanus, came from a family in which the office of priest of the imperial
cult was probably hereditary.
Sacred games remained the most important element of the social life
of Greek cities under the Roman rule. Although they were usually held
every few years and lasted only several days a year, their organisation was
a serious challenge for city institutions. Large sums were spent on erecting
and maintaining the necessary buildings. City spaces saw hundreds or even
thousands of inscriptions commemorating not only the victors but also
the organisers. In this situation, cities were looking for generous euergetes
who would shoulder the financial burden of organising games. Even if not
all expenses would be covered, employing own resources was an important
factor.
A.gonothetai
of games organised in honour of emperors, like priests
of the imperial cult, remained in direct contact with the authorities. The
office of agonothetes, often held at the height of career, can be perceived not
only in terms of competing with predecessors who had held the office, but
also in terms of competing with other cities for privileges granted by the
Roman authorities. Each agonothetes could try to surpass his predecessors,
although the love of honour (philotimict) and self-promotion were not the
only incentives. As illustrated by Cn. Cornelius Pulcher (I), who contributed
to the return of the Isthmian Games and the restoration of their Greek
____________________________285
character, the will to emphasise the fact of being Greek was an important
factor as well.
Лgoпothetaì
of sacred games manifested their political and
economical leadership in the community; agonothetai of games organised
in honour of Augustus and his successors additionally emphasised their
attitude to Rome. Sacred games and the accompanying events were an op¬
portunity for various handouts and organising ritual banquets. Euergetism
during games served to legitimise the oligarchic rule.
The Roman rule of Greece removed the previously existing political and
legal obstacles which had hindered ambitious individuals who did not want
to limit their activity to their home city. With the creation of the province
of Achaea it was possible for a regional elite to emerge on the
Péloponnèse.
However, there were few families willing to pursue activities that would
enable them to join the elite influential in the whole region. Such a group
began to form in the 40s, i.e. at the time of Claudius reign. It was then
that the first people from the old Greek cities, the Euryclids from Sparta
and the
Cornelii
from Epidauros, began their careers in Corinth. The list
of acts of euergetism that these families performed leads us to believe
they were one of the wealthiest on the
Péloponnèse
in the first half of the
1st century. We do not have knowledge about the sources of their wealth,
but we do know how they used it. Acts of euergetism and careers in the
colony (i.e. a copy of Rome) could give them a prestige which their birth
did not. In other words, it can be assumed that it was mostly members of
these families, which had recently joined the elites of their home cities
and were looking for opportunities to boost their prestige, that sought to
establish relations with colonies. This could also explain why other families,
undoubtedly dominating the life of their local communities, did not pursue
such activities. Members of old families with established positions may have
been satisfied with holding power in their home cities. This does not mean
that they were closed to the outside world. However, they could afford to
be more selective about the directions of their regional ambitions. They
sometimes decided to take the prestigious office of agonothetes in a different
city, but they were chiefly interested in offices in the Achaean koinon. This
is evidenced by lists of officials of the koinon, which include members
of families that believed their chance for a career was not in Corinth but
elsewhere. The Achaean koinon, with such offices as the strategus and later
the helledarch or high priest of the imperial cult, offered a more attractive
way to join the regional elite.
286__________________________________
___^_^____
__________
SUMMARY
The offices held in the Achaean koinon were a natural extension of
the offices held in the home city. The local community had to propose
a candidate whose chances of being elected to an office in the koinon were
considerable. It is unlikely that the community would propose a candidate
whose public activity had not stood out. We have no knowledge what role,
if any, the governor or the emperor had in electing officials. However, since
several highest officials of the koinon had held offices which by definition
had to involve contacts with representatives of the imperial administration,
it is a likely assumption that they had a say.
It was different in the case of the Panhellenion, established by Hadrian,
which functioned mostly as a religious institution. It differed from the other
koina which performed similar functions by a lack of any obvious political
activity and by its Panhellenic rather than regional character. A comparison
with the Achaean koinon shows that working on the Panhellenion council
became the domain of new people. Serving in an organisation established
in order to administer the imperial cult may have been attractive for these
people for several reasons. Holding the office of
Panhellen was
an ostenta¬
tious way of showing one s loyalty towards Rome; it enabled one to establish
contacts and to make a name for oneself; it also made further career on
the local level easier.
Only a handful of members of the most respected and influential Pelo-
ponnesian families managed to join the very top elite of Roman society,
constituted by
ordo equester
and the senatorial class. Their participation in
governing the empire seems very limited, apart from a few exceptions. The
vast majority remained strongly connected to their home cities in which they
performed administrative tasks and religious duties. Even those families
whose members joined the senatorial class did not cut off their contacts
with their old cities.
The first men to achieve the rank of
équités
owed it to contacts with
influential Romans, such as
Octavian
and his supporter
Agrippa, as
well
as close relations with Corinth. This is evident in the case of P. Caninius
Agrippa, but
it also influenced the later promotion of the Euryclids from
Sparta. Four men from outside Corinth joined the
ordo
equesterzs a result of
their military careers. This was the case of Cn. Cornelius Pulcher, T. Vet-
tulenus Laetus and C. Iulius Spartiaticus, who had only one rank, as well
as
Ti.
Claudius Dionysius Crispianus, who achieved two out of the three
militiae. Only the career of Cn. Cornelius Pulcher (II) was exceptional. He
^
______________ 287
achieved ever higher positions probably as a result of his skills and experi¬
ence, but also his friendship with Hadrian. Occupying successive offices in
the
ordo
equesterwas an opportunity for the Greeks to bestow Cn. Cornelius
Pulcher (II) with new honours and prestigious functions on a supra-regional
level. It is conspicuous that emperors did not recruit senators from among
the Peloponnesian
équités.
Roman colonies on the
Péloponnèse
were not
privileged places in terms of recruiting
équités^
either. We know of a few
équités
from Corinth and not a single one from Patras.
The first Peloponnesians were promoted to the senatorial class in the
2nd century. In each of the three confirmed cases they were members of
families dominating the local life since the beginning of the
principate.
The
promotion of C. Iulius Eurycles Herculanus was a somewhat natural conse¬
quence of the deeds of his ancestors, the influences they had acquired and
the prestige they had enjoyed. It is more difficult to determine the reasons
for the promotion of the
Ti. Claudii Saethidae
from
Messene,
although in
their case there had also been a long period of dominating the local life
and then working in the Achaean koinon. It is worth noting how differently
these families treated the fact of belonging to the senatorial class. Only
the
Ti. Claudii
Saethidae from
Messene
decided to make the most of their
promotion to the national elite. The fact that as many as three members of
this family were high magistrates in different parts of the empire is unpar¬
alleled on the
Péloponnèse.
The family of senator
Brasidas
from Sparta,
which used the rank and prestige that he had gained only on a local level,
was on the other end of the spectrum. It may therefore be assumed that
senatorial career was not the most important goal for members of wealthy
and Romanised Peloponnesian families.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Pawlak, Marcin 1975- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1138383317 |
| author_facet | Pawlak, Marcin 1975- |
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| author_sort | Pawlak, Marcin 1975- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040926871 |
| ctrlnum | (gbd)1012501 (OCoLC)854687066 (DE-599)BVBBV040926871 |
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| geographic | Grecja / polityka i rządy / 146 a.C.-323 jhpk Rzym (państwo) / prowincje / administracja jhpk Rzym (państwo) / polityka i rządy / 30 a.C.-284 jhpk Grecja / polityka i rządy / do 146 a.C. jhpk Peloponez (Grecja) / polityka i rządy / starożytność jhpk Römisches Reich (DE-588)4076778-4 gnd Griechenland Altertum (DE-588)4093976-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Grecja / polityka i rządy / 146 a.C.-323 Rzym (państwo) / prowincje / administracja Rzym (państwo) / polityka i rządy / 30 a.C.-284 Grecja / polityka i rządy / do 146 a.C. Peloponez (Grecja) / polityka i rządy / starożytność Römisches Reich Griechenland Altertum |
| id | DE-604.BV040926871 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:35:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788362261307 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025905887 |
| oclc_num | 854687066 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 328 s., mapa [1] k. kolor. złoż. Ill., Kt. 25 cm |
| psigel | gbd_4_1304 |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Towarzystwo Wydawnicze "Historia Iagellonica" |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Notos |
| series2 | Notos |
| spelling | Pawlak, Marcin 1975- Verfasser (DE-588)1138383317 aut Rzymski Peloponez greckie elity polityczne wobec cesarstwa Marcin Pawlak Kraków Towarzystwo Wydawnicze "Historia Iagellonica" 2011 328 s., mapa [1] k. kolor. złoż. Ill., Kt. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Notos 5 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Roman Peloponnese Bibliogr. s. [289]-312. Indeksy Elita (nauki społeczne) / Grecja / Peloponez / starożytność jhpk Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd rswk-swf Grecja / polityka i rządy / 146 a.C.-323 jhpk Rzym (państwo) / prowincje / administracja jhpk Rzym (państwo) / polityka i rządy / 30 a.C.-284 jhpk Grecja / polityka i rządy / do 146 a.C. jhpk Peloponez (Grecja) / polityka i rządy / starożytność jhpk Römisches Reich (DE-588)4076778-4 gnd rswk-swf Griechenland Altertum (DE-588)4093976-5 gnd rswk-swf Griechenland Altertum (DE-588)4093976-5 g Römisches Reich (DE-588)4076778-4 g Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 s DE-604 Notos 5 (DE-604)BV036864154 5 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025905887&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025905887&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Pawlak, Marcin 1975- Rzymski Peloponez greckie elity polityczne wobec cesarstwa Notos Elita (nauki społeczne) / Grecja / Peloponez / starożytność jhpk Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4076778-4 (DE-588)4093976-5 |
| title | Rzymski Peloponez greckie elity polityczne wobec cesarstwa |
| title_auth | Rzymski Peloponez greckie elity polityczne wobec cesarstwa |
| title_exact_search | Rzymski Peloponez greckie elity polityczne wobec cesarstwa |
| title_full | Rzymski Peloponez greckie elity polityczne wobec cesarstwa Marcin Pawlak |
| title_fullStr | Rzymski Peloponez greckie elity polityczne wobec cesarstwa Marcin Pawlak |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rzymski Peloponez greckie elity polityczne wobec cesarstwa Marcin Pawlak |
| title_short | Rzymski Peloponez |
| title_sort | rzymski peloponez greckie elity polityczne wobec cesarstwa |
| title_sub | greckie elity polityczne wobec cesarstwa |
| topic | Elita (nauki społeczne) / Grecja / Peloponez / starożytność jhpk Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Elita (nauki społeczne) / Grecja / Peloponez / starożytność Politik Grecja / polityka i rządy / 146 a.C.-323 Rzym (państwo) / prowincje / administracja Rzym (państwo) / polityka i rządy / 30 a.C.-284 Grecja / polityka i rządy / do 146 a.C. Peloponez (Grecja) / polityka i rządy / starożytność Römisches Reich Griechenland Altertum |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025905887&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025905887&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV036864154 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pawlakmarcin rzymskipeloponezgreckieelitypolitycznewobeccesarstwa |