Józef Kożdoń (1873 - 1949): przywódca Śląskiej Partii Ludowej a kwestia narodowości śląskiej na Śląsku Cieszyńskim i Opawskim w XIX i XX stuleciu = Josef Kożdoń (1873-1949) : the leader of the Silesian People's Party, and the question of the Silesian nationality in Teschen Silesia and Troppau Silesia during the 19th and 20th centuries = Zefel Kożdōń (1873 - 1949)
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Zabrze
Narodowa Oficyna Śląska
2011
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Rezension Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | NT: Józef Kożdoń a narodowość śląska. - Josef Koždoň. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 289 s. il. 28 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788360540084 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV040905563 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20211007 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 130321s2011 |||| |||| 00||| pol d | ||
| 020 | |a 9788360540084 |9 978-83-60540-08-4 | ||
| 020 | |z 836054008X |9 836054008X | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)854685873 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV040905563 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a pol | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 | ||
| 084 | |a 7,41 |2 ssgn | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Jerczyński, Dariusz |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Józef Kożdoń (1873 - 1949) |b przywódca Śląskiej Partii Ludowej a kwestia narodowości śląskiej na Śląsku Cieszyńskim i Opawskim w XIX i XX stuleciu = Josef Kożdoń (1873-1949) : the leader of the Silesian People's Party, and the question of the Silesian nationality in Teschen Silesia and Troppau Silesia during the 19th and 20th centuries = Zefel Kożdōń (1873 - 1949) |c Dariusz Jerczyński |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Józef Kożdoń a narodowość śląska |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Josef Koždoň |
| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a Josef Kożdoń (1873-1949) |
| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a Zefel Kożdōń (1873 - 1949) |
| 264 | 1 | |a Zabrze |b Narodowa Oficyna Śląska |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a 289 s. |b il. |c 28 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a NT: Józef Kożdoń a narodowość śląska. - Josef Koždoň. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache | ||
| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Koždon, Josef |d 1873-1949 |0 (DE-588)1043052070 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Multikulturelle Gesellschaft |0 (DE-588)4214151-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Opawa (Czechy ; region) / stosunki międzyetniczne / historia |2 jhpk | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Śląsk Cieszyński (Polska ; region) / stosunki międzyetniczne / 19 w |2 jhpk | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Śląsk Cieszyński (Polska ; region) / stosunki międzyetniczne / 20 w |2 jhpk | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Teschener Schlesien |0 (DE-588)1241706174 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Troppau |z Region |0 (DE-588)4432916-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Troppau |z Region |0 (DE-588)4432916-7 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Teschener Schlesien |0 (DE-588)1241706174 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Koždon, Josef |d 1873-1949 |0 (DE-588)1043052070 |D p |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Multikulturelle Gesellschaft |0 (DE-588)4214151-5 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Geschichte |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |u https://www.recensio.net/r/934811a014024ae1916d6393d7cc8e05 |y rezensiert in: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung (ZfO), 64 (2015), 2, S. 301-303 |3 Rezension |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025885006&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025885006&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025885006 | ||
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 306.09 |e 22/bsb |g 438 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 306.09 |e 22/bsb |g 4371 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804150189476282368 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Spis
tresei
Opinia
wydawnicza o książce Dariusza Jerczyńskiego
................................................................................5
OD AUTORA
.............................................................................................................................................7
Rozdział I
....................................................................................................................................................9
WPROWADZENIE
.....................................................................................................................................9
POCZĄTKI RUCHÓW NARODOWYCH NA ŚLĄSKU
..........................................................................9
ZWIĄZEK ŚLĄZAKÓW AUSTRIACKICH
...........................................................................................10
AUTONOMIA ŚLĄSKA AUSTRIACKIEGO
.........................................................................................16
TYGODNIK „NOWY CZAS PASTORA HAASEGO
........................................................................... 19
Rozdziatll
.................................................................................................................................................29
JÓZEF KOŻDOŃ ŚLĄSKI PATRIOTA
...................................................................................................29
GENEZA UTWORZENIA ŚLĄSKIEJ
PARTU
LUDOWEJ
....................................................................40
POSEŁ SEJMU KRAJOWEGO ŚLĄSKA AUSTRIACKIEGO
..............................................................52
SPIS LUDNOŚCI I WYBORY KOMUNALNE
1910/1911.....................................................................68
WYBORY PARLAMENTARNE
1911 .....................................................................................................74
PODCZAS I WOJNY ŚWIATOWEJ
........................................................................................................94
Rozdział
111............................................................................................................................................. 101
WALKA O NIEZALEŻNOŚĆ ŚLĄSKA
................................................................................................
łOl
PO CZECHOSŁOWACKIEJ STRONIE SPORU
..................................................................................129
ŚLĄSKA PARTIA SOCJALDEMOKRATYCZNA
...............................................................................140
ŚLĄZACY W OKOWACH POLSKIEGO TERRORU
.......................................................................... 150
Rozdział
IV
............................................................................................................................................. 177
ŚLĄZACY W CZECHOSŁOWACJI
......................................................................................................177
BYLI DZIAŁACZE PARTII ŚLĄSKICH PARTII W POLSCE
.............................................................186
BURMISTRZ CZESKIEGO CIESZYNA
.............................................................................................. 193
ERWIN GOJ (ALIAS
ONDRA
ŁYSOHORSKY), CZYLI JCOŻDOŃ NA PARNASIE
.....................211
W CIENIU KONFERENCJI MONACHIJSKIEJ
...................................................................................215
Rozdział
V
...............................................................................................................................................217
ŚLĄSK CIESZYŃSKI PODCZAS RZĄDÓW AUTORYTARNYCH
1
TOTALITARNYCH
...............217
ZMIERZCH ŻYCIA JÓZEFA KOŻONIA PO
II
WOJNIE ŚWIATOWEJ
............................................226
ANEKS
...................................................................................................................................................235
STRESZCZENIE W JĘZYKU ŚLĄSKIM
.............................................................................................241
STRESZCZENIE W JĘZYKU ANGIELSKIM:
.....................................................................................247
BIBLIOGRAFIA
.....................................................................................................................................254
Przypisy
..................................................................................................................................................259
289
STRESZCZENIE
W JĘZYKU ANGIELSKIM:
Josef
Kożdoń
(1873-194У):
The Leader of the Silesian People s
Party,
and the Question of
Silesian
Nationality in Teschen Silesia andTroppau Silesia During the 19th and
20
Centuries
by
Dariusz Jerczyński
Summary
The year
1873
was significant for the development of the political landscape in Silesia.11 ·1 Three
politicians were born in that year, who, in the first half of the 20th century, significantly influenced politics
in tliis land.
Wojciech
Korfan
ty,
the radical leader of the Polish national camp in Upper Silesia (that is, the
eastern half of Prussian Silesia1184), is the best known to the Poles. His German counterpart was Carl
Ulitzka, the leader of the Upper Silesian branch of the Catholic party
Zentrum,
who was also known as the
king* of Germany s interwar Province of Upper Silesia. But Josef
Kożdoń,
as a representative of the Silesian
national movement, is for me
o ť
more importance than the other two figures.
Between
1909
and
1938,
Kożdoń
headed the Silesian People s Party that brandished the slogan Silesia
for Silesians. Because
ofthat,
Polish commentators and historians branded the party and its milieu
a ruch
ślązakowski
( renegade Silesian movement )· hi the Polish-language
Encyklopedia Powstań Śląskich
(An
Encyclopedia of the [Upper] Silesian Uprisings), published in communist Poland, the milieu s leadership is
disparagingly referred to as [Upper] Silesian separatist activists, and out of them only
Kożdoń
earned his
own entry in that reference book. (The same is true of other Polish bibliographical dictionaries of Silesia.)
Interestingly, however, in no way did lie participate in the aforementioned Silesian Uprisings, staged by
Polish and pro-Polish irregulars, in the German Empire s Prussian Upper Silesia.
Kożdoń
limited his politi¬
cal activities to the Austro-Hungarian Crownland of Austrian Silesia.
Kożdoń
was the greatest Silesian patriot, because, unlike the Pole, Korfanty, or the German, Ulitzka,
he remained a Silesian. His statement I am not a German, and also I am not and do not want to be a Pole
[...],
[because],
1
am a Silesian who [only] happens to speak in Polish still aptly describes the choice of
identification shared by hundreds of thousands of persons who, nowadays, declare themselves to be Silesians,
but employ standard Polish in writing and while contacting state offices. Polish researchers commit an
error by referring to them as a population with no national awareness.
Despite the permanent Polonization,
as proposed and carried out by Polish nationalists and authorities,
Kożdoń
s political thought continues to
shed valuable light on the situation in Silesia.
Zefel Kożdoń
in Silesian,
Józef Kożdoń
in Polish, Josef
Koždoň
in Czech, or Josef
Koždon
in German
was born to a Lutheran peasant family, on
8
September
1873,
in
Ober
Lischna
(Homi
Lištna
/
Leszna
Górna),1185
County 86
Teschen (Cieszyn
/Těšín).
He usually signed his name as Josef
Kożdoń, Józef
Koždon
or
J.K.
After finishing elementary school in
Ober
Lischna
(Leszna Górna),
he attended the German-medium
secondaiy school and the German-medium Teachers College in Teschen
(Cieszyn
/
Těšín).
In the latter
institution,
Kożdoń
finished a course in the Polish language. After graduation he worked in Polish-language
elementary schools in
Schwarzwasser
(Strumień)
and in Skotschau
auf der
Kempa
(Skoczów na Kępie ),
where, in
1902,
he became the school s principal.
Kożdoń
promoted education among the Silesians of the
Teschen
(Cieszyn
/
Těšín)
Duchy,1187 so
lhal
they would not succumb to foreign influences. In
Schwarzwasser
(Strumień)
he initiated the founding of a Polish-language reading room, but in Skotschau
(Skoczów)
he co-
founded a German-language reading association. He was an active member of the Crownland Teachers
Association in Austrian Silesia. In his school he disapproved of teachers who Germanized their surnames;
as a result, the German-language newspaper, Silesia, published in Teschen
(Cieszyn
/
Těšín),
labeled him as
a Polish agitator. However,
Kożdoń
considered himself to be a Silesian only. When in the early
20
century, a plan surfaced to partition Teschen Silesia between the adjacent crownlands of Moravia and
Galicia,
Kożdoń
decisively reacted against this project s authors, namely, Polish national activists, and
in the wake of this event, he promoted the slogan Silesia for Silesians. in
1908,
a wave of Polish
national political rallies took place in numerous localities across Teschen Silesia, which caused brawls
with members of German organizations. Having taken stock of the dire situation,
Kożdoń
convinced the
German elite ofTeschen Silesia to support a Silesian national movement that would embrace Slavophone and
German-speaking Silesians.
247
In the summer of
1908,
using the readers of the Polish-language Lutheran weekly,
Nowy Czas,
as a
platform, he set about creating a new political organization, the Silesian People s Party
(Śląska Partia Ludowa
/
Schlesische
Volkspartei).
As promised,
lhe
aforementioned German elite facilitated the founding of this
party, which officially was registered on
7
February
1909
at an inaugural meeting attended by
150
repre¬
sentatives from counties Bielitz
(Bielsko),
Teschen
(Cieszyn
/Těšín)
and
Freistadt
(Fryštát).
Already at the
beginning the number of members amounted
lo
2,000.
They were organized into
30
local branches, and had
their own press organ, the Polish-language weekly,
Ślązak.
The party s leadership and members were
drawn mainly from among Lutherans who
consti
txited a one-quarter of Teschen Silesia s inhabitants. At the
2
July
1910
meeting of a hundred delegates in Teschen
(Cieszyn
/
Těšín),
Kożdoń
established a Silesian
People s Association
(Śląski Związek Ludowy
/
Schlesischer
Volksverband),
later renamed the Union of
Silesians
(Związek Ślązaków
/ Bund der Schlesier).
The organization s first president was
Josef
Cichy,
the
post of deputy president went to Paul
Tománek,
the Chairman of Schibitz (S
vibice)
Commune, and that of
secretary to
Kożdoń
himself.
The political program of the Silesian People s Party dated back to
1848,
when the non-partisan Union
of Austrian Silesians
(Bund der Österreichischer Schlesier /
Związek Ślązaków Austriackich
/
Svaz rakouských
Slezanů)
was founded. It appealed for the re-unification of Austrian Silesia and Prussian Silesia, and empha¬
sized the national and linguistic separateness of Slavic-speaking Silesians
vis-à-vis
Czechs and Poles. This
informal Silesian political movement (in ioday s Polish-language literature referred to as
ślązakowski)
embraced 4his part of the Slavic population who did not want to vote for Polish or Czech [parties], and
believed that they constitute a separate Silesian nation, as the situation was described by R.
Vylmalíková.
This early Silesian movement, as analyzed by J. Chlebowczyk, achieved its greatest successes in
lhe
1
870s
in the judicial districts of Skotschau
(Skoczów),
Schwarzwasser
(Strumień)
and
Friedeck
(Frýdek).
On this
platform, Silesians were elected to the crown land s Landtag (diet), and the union s candidate, Franz Obratschay
(Franciszek
Obraczaj in Polish-language press), won a mandate to the Reichstag (imperial diet) in Vienna.
But this union and support for Silesian candidates were impermanent, and depended on support granted by
the weekly,
Nowy Czas,
and the German-language liberal press.
Josef
Kożdoń
alone managed to coalesce this disparate Silesian and pro-Silesian political forces into a
modern political party with numerous local branches. The part) was sustained and drew grassroots support
and legitimacy
Řom
its apolitical basis in the form of the Silesian People s Association and shaped public
opinion with its own press organ. Furthermore, the Silesian People s Party was also built on a solid eco¬
nomic foundation constituted from two dozen farmers associations and branches of the Raiffeisen Bank,
and also of Silesian co-ops and a commercial and leasing association.
In September
1909,
in the Landtag election campaign, the Silesian People s Parly entered a coalition
with the Austro-German liberals. The latter, grouped in the German Progressive Party (Deutsche
Fortschrittspartei),
fielded candidates in all the urban constituencies, and the Silesian People s Party in all
the three rural ones, namely, Bielitz
- Schwarzwasser -
Skotschau
(Bielsko
-
Strumień
-
Soczów),
Teschen
- Freistadt -
Jablunkau
(Cieszyn
/
Těšín
-
Fryštát
-
Jablunkov), and
Oderberg -
Ostrau
-
Fricdeck (Bohumín
-
Ostrava
-
Frýdek).
The coalition became known as the Silesian Progressive Party
(Śląskie Stronnictwo
Postępowe
/
Schlesische
Fortschrittspartei).
Liberals won in the towns, having gained
90
per cent of the votes cast.
Józef Kożdoń
defeated the
Polish national candidate, Father
Józef
Londzin, and won a mandate in the Bielitz
- Schwarzwasser --
Skotschau
(Bielsko
-
Strumień
-
Soczów)
constituency. The Silesian People s Party fared well in the Uvo other rural
constituencies, but its candidate, Josef
Cichy,
was defeated, because of Czech support, by
lhe
Polish one, Jan
Michejda, in the Teschen
-
Freistadl
-
Jablunkau
(Cieszyn
/
Těšín - Fryštát
-
Jablunkov)
constituency, while
Edward Quasnitza succumbed to the Czech candidate,
Jan Poppe,
supported by Poles, in the Oderberg
-
Ostrau
- Friedeck
(Bohumín
-
Ostrava
-
Frýdek)
constituency. As
Ladislav
Pallas commented on these
elections the Silesian People s Party and its
Gemían
ally won
51.7
per cent of all votes, and thus, defeated
Czech and Polish parties in Teschen Silesia In the Landtag of Austrian Silesia
Kożdoń
became a member of
the Department of Economy and the Department of Military Affairs and Public Security. Despite Kozdon s
unwavering loyalty to Austria-Hungary, Vienna disregarded his wish that Silesians should be allowed to
declare their Silesian nationality and language in the
1910
census, and instead the Silesians were apportioned
to the crownland s Czechs, Germans and Poles.
In late
1910
and early in the following year, in the course of the local elections,
lhe
Silesian People s
Party turned out to be the strongest political grouping in Teschen Silesia. Its representatives gained
con ito
1
of
39
communes in counties Bielitz
(Bielsko)
and Teschen
(Cieszyn
/
Těšín),
of two communes in County
248
Freistadt
(Fryštát),
and two in County Friedeck
(Frýdek).
In all the towns that functioned as the capitals of the
counties,
Gemían
parties retained power (usually liberals in an alliance with the Silesian People s Party), with the
exception of
Polnisch
[Schlesisch]
Ostrau (Slezská
Ostrava),
where Czech nationalists won. Thanks to this alli¬
ance, in Skotschau
(Skoczów),
the liberals entrusted
Kożdoń
with two departments in the commune coimcil.
Also in
1910,
the Reichstag elections took place. The Silesian People s Party fielded
Kożdoń
in the
constituencies of Bielitz
(Bielsko)
and Skotschau
(Skoczów),
and
Ludwig
Schindler in
the constituency of
Friedeck
(Frýdek).
The party, however, resigned from fielding any candidates in the industrial constituen¬
cies dominated by migrant Czech and Polish workers, who voted for social democrats. In the elections
political ideologies turned out to be of greater importance than nationalism Furthermore, the eight over¬
whelmingly German-speaking communes clustered around Bielitz
(Bielsko)
were united, for electoral rea¬
sons, with the constituency of the Odrau-Wagstadt-Wagstadll
(Odry-Bílovec-Vítkov)
in
Tropp
au
Silesia.
К
that
had not happened their votes would have been cast in favor of
Kożdoń.
Morever,
some votes of the Lutheran
electorate went to social democrats, and some also to the Polish leader, Father
Józef
Londzin. As a result of all the
gerrymandering,
55
per cent votes were cast in favor of the latter, and
26
per cent in favor of
Kożdoń.
hi the
Teschen
(Cieszyn
/
Těšín)
constituency he garnered only
19
per cent of the votes and lost to the migrant,
Ryszard
Kunicki, who represented the social democrats. However, despite the Silesian People s Party s support,
Kimicki almost lost to the Silesian, Jan Michejda, who sided with the Polish national movement.
Polish researchers maintain that due to his marriage to Julia
Sohlich,
a daughter of the Skotschau
(Skoczów)
mayor,
Józef Kożdoń
underwent a transformation from Pole to German. But facts do not sub¬
stantiate this thesis.
Józef Kożdoń
never Germanized his name, and also founded a Committee for the Main¬
tenance of the Purity of the Silesian Dialect
(Komitet dla Utrzymania Czystości Dialektu Śląskiego),
which
emphasized the need to purge this dialect of Germanisms and inlluences of the literary Polish language.
Although in the Landtag
Kożdoń
defended the introduction of German as a subject in the school in Schibitz
(Svibice),
he also demanded making Polish a compulsory subject in Teschen
(Cieszyn
/
Těšín)
schools. This
was because he was a staunch supporter of bilingual education. In
1914
the Silesian People s Party opposed
the Polish idea, as proposed by the Union of Catholic Silesians
(Związek Śląskich Katolików),
to detach
Teschen Silesia from the
Breslau
(Wroclaw) Diocese,1188 and to transfer it to the Cracow Diocese. As a
result of this proposal, which appeared absurd to many a Silesian, the Union of Catholic Silesians lost
much of its erstwhile support that, in turn, went to the Silesian People s Party. During World War
I, Kożdoń
supported the Dual Monarchy s war effort and helped the soldiers families in the framework of the Commis¬
sion for Aiding Soldiers Families
(Komisja dla Wsparć Rodzin Żołnierskich).
Until the very end of Austria-
Hungary, he remained a loyal son of his homeland, Austrian Silesia, and of his Austrian Fatherland,
which gained him much sympathy among the population at large.
After
1918,
Kożdoń
threw his weight behind the idea of independence for Teschen Silesia. It would
remain with the similarly independent polities of, for instance, Austria, Bohemia or Slovakia in a union of
Austrian states. When this idea fell through, he proposed a neutralization of Austrian Silesia, hoping that in
this way it might be reunited with Prussian Upper Silesia. Like the majority of Silesians,
Kożdoń
did not
recognize the self-appointed Polish National Council for the Duchy of Teschen
(Cieszyn
/
Těšín)
(Rada
Narodowa Księstwa Cieszyńskiego, RNKC)
that was established in Cracow. As a result, the council ordered
him and his apolitical wife, Julia, to be arrested. They were incarcerated in Cracow,
Kożdoń
in the
Na
Monte
Luppiclť
prison, and his wife in the Polish concentration camp in
Cracow-Dąbie,
where other Silesian,
Ukrainian, Czech and Slovak political prisoners were also detained. Thanks to protests issued by Czech and
German politicians from Teschen Silesia, after a month,
Kożdoń
was released, and allowed to return to his
homeland. But for the sake of security he moved to
Mährisch
Ostrau
/
Moravská Ostrava,
and from there
continued to lead the Silesian People s Party.
Kożdoń
returned to Teschen
(Cieszyn
/
Těšín)
in February
1919,
when the Czechoslovak army had
seized this city, wishing to settle the Czech-Polish contest over Teschen Silesia through the use of military
force. The Allies decided on a plebiscite in this area and an Interallied Commission, consisting from the
representatives of the United Slates, the United Kingdom, France and Italy arrived in Teschen
(Cieszyn
/
Těšín).
The Czech colonel, Josef
Šnejdárek,
commander-in-chief of the Czechoslovak forces in Teschen
Silesia, introduced
Kożdoń
to the Commission, which was also informed about the situation of his wife. The
Allies immediately demanded her release, and the Polish authorities consented. After the Czechoslovak army
seized Troppau Silesia,
Kożdoń
demanded independence for Teschen Silesia under the name
oí
Independent
Republic of East Silesia, which gained him many new supporters. A memorandum to this end, authored by
him and the council of
Gemían
parties in Teschen Silesia was passed to the Allies by Robert Piesch from
249
Bielitz
(Bielsko),
who was a member of the Austrian delegation to the peace conference in Paris. Another
memorandum on the issue of independence for Teschen Silesia was written by the renowned Teschen
(Cieszyn
/
Těšín)
economist and jurist, Edward August Schroeder. Under the influence of these efforts,
the Allies recognized the Silesians as a separate, fourth, national group living in Teschen Silesia, side by
side with Czechs, Germans and Poles.
Austria, the United States, the Uniled Kingdom and Italy favored the founding of an independent
Silesian Republic, but France vetoed this project.
K-ożdoń
established close relationships with all
lhe
leading
Czech politicians
(Masaryk, Kramař, Beneš,
and
Tusar).
When they assured
Kożdoń
that Austrian Silesia
would retain the autonomy which it had enjoyed as a crownland in Austria-Hungary, the Silesian People s
Party stood for the territorial indivisibility and autonomy of the crownland within the Czechoslovak borders.
To this end,
Kożdoń
participated as an expert in the Czechoslovak delegation to the Peace Conference in
Paris. He stopped in its tracks the project of dividing Teschen Silesia along
lhe
line of
lhe
Vistula River
between Czechoslovakia and Poland. Nexl,
Kożdoń
convinced Czech politicians to throw their weight be¬
hind the demand of a plebiscite on the question of to which state Teschen Silesia should belong. Soon, the
Silesian People s Party established 1
39
plebiscite committees in counties Bielitz
(Bielsko),
Teschen
(Cieszyn
/
Těšín)
and Freistadt
(Fryštát).
The party did not contest County
Friedeck
(Frýdek),
which was left to Czech
parties. However, having observed, from across the state border
m
the
Gemían
Empire, the possibility of
founding a Free State Upper Silesia,
Kożdoń
still harbored hopes for an independent Teschen Silesia.
In early
1920,
Kozdon s ally in Prussian Upper Silesia,
Ewald Latacz,
the leader of the pro-independ¬
ence Union of Upper Silesians
(Związek Górnoślązaków
/ Bund der Oberschlesier),
participated in a meeting
of the Silesian People s Party and the Delegation of the German Parties of the East Moraviau-Silesiun Industrial
Basin (Delegation
der Deutschen Parteien des Ostmährisch-schlesischen
Industriegebi
tes) in Teschen
(Cieszyn
/
Těšín). The ethnolinguistically diverse
population of Teschen Silesia who favored
unification
with Prussian Upper
Silesia (that culturally and linguistically was similar to Teschen Silesia), let Latacz consider
lhe
founding of a
strong economic and unitary multiethnic stale based on the Belgian model, as Rudolf
Vogel
wrote. Since March
1920,
Latacz
liad
published the bilingual, German- and Polish-language, weekly,
Der Bund—Związek (wiadomości
Związku Górnoślązaków),
modeled on Kozdon s Polish-language weekly
Ślązak.
Tins period, when the fate of Teschen Silesia was decided in the wake of the Polish-Czechoslovak
military conflict over this region, constituted the pinnacle of the popularity of
Kożdoń
and his party. As
usiravský deník
reported, in
1919-1 920
the membership of the Silesian People s Party amounted
lo
30,000
persons, and
50,241
members belonged to its apolitical branch, the Union of Silesians
(Związek Ślązaków /
Bund der Schlesier). In
order to attract the leftist electorate to the cause, a Social Democratic Party of Silesia
(Śląska Partia Socjaldemokratyczna)
was founded, and their structures were organized by Kozdon s secre¬
tary, Karl
Smyczek.
The Silesian parties decidedly dominated in the judicial districts of Teschen
(Cieszyn
/
Těšín)
and Skotschau
(Skoczów),
and thanks to the support of the local German parties, gamed majorities in
the judicial districts Bielitz
(Bielsko)
and Schwarzwasser
(Strumień).
The Silesian People s Party and the Social Democratic Party of Silesia were also active in the judicial
districts of
Oderberg (Bohimiin)
(where their
Gemían
allies dominated), Freistadt
(Fryštát)
and Jablunkau
(Jablunkov) (dominated by Polish parties), and also in the judicial districts of
Friedeck
(Frýdek)
and
Pohlisch
[Schlesisch]
Ostrau (Slezská
Ostrava) (where Czech parties dominated). Almost
90
per cent of Slavophone
Lutherans supported the Silesian People s Parly and the Social Democratic Party of Silesia in Teschen
Silesia. On the other hand, it is difficult to estimate the size of support for both parties among the region s
Slavophone Catholics, because the popularity of the Silesian People s Party among them significantly
increased only after
1914.
However, this section of Teschen Silesia that today belongs to Poland constituted
the veritable heartland of the Silesian People s Party, especially in the area of Skotschau
(
Skoczów),
Golescliau
(Goleszów), Ustroń (Ustroń), Erndorf (Jaworze)
and
Weichsel (Wisla).
Furthermore,
lhe
party s allies
-
local Germans
-
dominated in Bielitz
(Bielsko)
and its vicinity.
Meanwhile, having observed the successes of the Silesian People s Party, Poland inched away from
the plebiscite. Czechoslovakia was also weary of it. Prague was afraid that under the influence of perma¬
nent Polish terror (including forced dispersal of political rallies, brutal beatings, arson, destruction of houses
and premises,
extrajudicial
evictions from apartments, or bomb attacks) Silesians might not support the
idea of including their homeland in Czechoslovakia. Eventually, Prague also resiled from the plebiscite,
several days alter the Poles had forced the Silesian People s Party to organize a meeting in the course of
which
28
of its well-known leaders had been made to support Poland and give up on
Kożdoń
as their leader.
Kożdoń
intervened in Prague but to no avail. As a result, against the will of
lhe
inhabitants, the Council of die
250
Allied Ambassadors arbitrated a division ofTeschen Silesia between Czechoslovakia and Poland that was
conducted, more or less, along the River Olsa
(Olše
/
Olza),
which obtains to this day (Obviously, Czecho¬
slovakia s section of tins region is now located in the Czech Republic). Ironically, most ofthe territories of
the judicial districts of
Freistadt
(Fryštát)
and Jablunkau (Jablunkov), where supporters ofthe Polish option
predominated, were allocated to Czechoslovakia. On the other hand, the triangle ofTeschen
(Cieszyn
/
Těšín),
Weichsel (Wisla) and Schwarzwasser
(Strumień),
with its center in Goleschau
(Goleszów).
Skotschau
(Skoczów)
and
Ustroń (Ustroń),
where the supporters ofthe Silesian People s Party were in majority, was
transferred to Poland. The same fate was dealt to the German-speaking region of Bielitz
(Bielsko)
and the
vicinity. The Silesians iiom the aforementioned triangle and the German-speakers of Bielitz
(Bielsko)
had
hoped for the inclusion of their areas in Czechoslovakia.
After the division ofTeschen Silesia,
80
per cent ofthe branches ofthe Silesian People s Party, the
Social Democratic Party of Silesia, and the Union of Silesians found themselves in Poland. Leaders and
activists of these organizations, harassed and terrorized by the Polish security forces, either resigned
írom
any political activity or joined the Polish Peasant Party
(Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe).
In the Czechoslo¬
vak section ofTeschen Silesia, the Silesian People s Party also lost its influence due to two internal splits,
and mainly because ofthe impossibility of fulfilling its main goal, which was to found a Silesian Republic.
Predictably, the party s membership sank to
2,500
persons, and in the Union of Silesians only
3,870
members remained. The latter, wishing to obtain state aid for national minorities, had to subdivide itself
into
a Gemían
and a Polish section (Silesians were not recognized as a national minority in interwar Czecho¬
slovakia).
Józef Kożdoń
became one ofthe ten members ofthe Land Administrative Commission for the
Silesia
(Zemská
Správni
Komise
/
Landesverwaltungskomission fur
Schlesien /
Krajowa Komisja
Zawiadowcza dla Śląska)
in Opava,
when the [Czech] Silesian Land
(Země Slezská)
existed as a separate
region ofthe Czechoslovakia between
1919
and
1927.
s9 He supported not only Silesians but also Polish
organizations in Czech Silesia.
Kożdoirs
influence was most felt in the part ofthe fonner heartland of his party that found itself in
CzechosloA akia, namely in
Český Těšín
and its vicinity. In municipal elections, the Silesian People s Party
fielded candidates in a broad coalition with German and Polish organizations.
Kożdoń,
as the leader of the
biggest political force there, was designated, successively in
1923, 1927
and
1931,
as Mayor ofthe town
with the votes ofthe Silesian, Gentian and Polish aldermen. Only Czech aldermen opposed his candidature.
But for his fourth, and last, term as mayor, he was elected in
1938
unanimously.
Kożdoń
contributed to the
nourishing of
Český Těšín
which, after the division ofTeschen Silesia, was a mere suburb of
pre-
1920
Teschen
(Cieszyn
/
Těšín),
whose historical center was given to Poland. Even Polish journalists could not
deny his successes. During Kozdon s time in office, support for the Silesian People s Party grew threefold. In
County
Český Těšín
its candidates won mandates in a coalition with Germans. In the elections to the
Czechoslovak parliament in Prague
(1925),
and to the regional, Moravian-Silesian, diet in Brno
( 1928),
the
party fielded candidates in a coalition with various Polish groups. They managed to attract many votes,
because the Polish groups agreed to share the slogan of the Silesian People s Part, namely, Silesia for
Silesians. The leadingrole ofthe Silesian People s Party in tin s coalition was duly acknowledged by placing
its member.
Gustaw Wałach,
as number one on the coalition s voting paper.
Despite his close cooperation with Poles.
Kożdoń
continued to consider himself to be a Silesian. In the
1921
and
1930
censuses, he convinced the Czechoslovak authorities to include the enigmatic subcategory of
■Silesians within the census categories
o ľ
Czechoslovaks, Germans and Poles. In
1921, 47,3 14
persons
declared their Silesian nationality, apart Iiom their Czechoslovak, German, or Polish nationality. In
1929
Kożdoń
rejected the Polish Peasant Party s proposal that he should dissolve the Silesian People s Part) and
merge its branches with a Polish party, or parties. Likewise, he had rejected the Czech authorities earlier
proposal that he would receive a high post in Prague, if he left Silesia. In
1925.
Kożdoń
founded a Lutheran
Bank (Ewangelische Bank), renamed as the Silesian People s Bank (Schlesische
Volksbank) in 1934.
In
1927,
instead of an autonomy promised for Silesia, Prague decided to merge this region with
Moravia. In response, the Silesians constituted a Committee for the Defense ofthe Rights of Silesia
(Komitet
Obrony Praw Śląska
/ Ausschuss zur Wahrung der Rechte Schlesiens),
which published and distributed
Kozdon s German-language booklet, The Right of Our Silesian Fatherland to Autonomy1190 (Das
Rechi
unserer schlesischen Heimal auf die verwaltungsmässige Selbständigkeit).
Gemían
and Polish parties and
associations sided with the Silesian People s Party, and together conducted an action of collecting signa¬
tures on a petition against the planned merger of Silesia and Moravia. Despite their protests, the Czechoslo¬
vak Parliament promulgated this merger, which spawned the Region of Moravia-Silesia.
251
In
1938,
under the influence of the activities
oľSudetenland
Germans organizations in
Opava
(Troppau)
Silesia, in the framework of the Munich Agreement, this region, together with the rest of the so-called
Sudetenland
areas (or the predominantly
Germanophone
border areas of Bohemia and Moravia-Silesia),
was detached from Czechoslovakia and incorporated into the Third Reich. At the same time, Warsaw
presented Prague with an ultimatum demanding the transfer of most of Czechoslovakia s section of Teschen
Silesia to Poland. (This area is known in Polish as the Transolsa Land [Zaolzie]). The Silesian People s
Party, as representing the interests of the Silesian nationality, wanted to convince the Allies to conduct a
plebiscite there in order to neutralize the Transolsa Land, but to no avail. On the other hand, Walter
Karb
ich,
who headed the German-language section
oí
the Silesian People s Party, without KozdoiVs knowledge made
the party answerable to the Central Office ofEthnic Germans
(Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle) in
Berlin. Harbich
unsuccessfully sought to convince Hitler that he should establish an independent County of Teschen/ under
the protectorate of the Third Reich.
Several days after Poland had seized the Transolsa Land, the Silesian People s Party was banned by the
incoming Polish authorities. Despite the inhabitants support and the fact that
Kożdoń
declared his loyalty to
Poland, he was stripped of his position of Mayor of
Český Těšín,
and the Polish police ordered him to
immediately leave the town! He moved to
Bielsko,
and next to Katowice. After a month he relumed to
Cieszyn Zachodni,
or Western
Cieszyn,
as
Český Těšín
became known within the town of
Cieszyn
re-unified
again under Polish rule. The Polish authorities continued to harass
Kożdoń,
so he moved again, this time to
the
Gemían
part of former Czech Silesia, where he settled in Troppau
(Opava).
At the same lime, on the basis
of the banned Silesian People s Party, Harbich founded a Committee for the Struggle lor the Rights [of the
Inhabitants] of the Teschen Land
(Komitet
do
Walki o Prawa Cieszyńskiego
/ Kampfausschus für die Rechte
des Teschener Landen),
demanding that
Hitler
should liberate Silesians and Germans now oppressed by the
Poles. In September
1939,
when in the course of the attack on Poland, the Third Reich also seized
Cieszyn,
Kożdoń
returned to his town two weeks after this event, and was welcome in the streets by Silesians.
Soon, the
Gemían
authorities conducted a police census. The Silesians at
157,000
persons turned out
to be the most numerous nationality in Teschen Silesia, and those who declared Silesian (slunzakisch) as
their native language, numbered
184,000.
Initially,
Kożdoń
thought highly of the new arrangement of affairs.
Thanks to it, he could return to Teschen
(Český Těšín
/
Cieszyn),
all historical Silesia found itself in a single
state,119 and the Silesian nationality was recognized, alongside the Silesian language. But the National
Socialist authorities did not allow a re-registration of the Silesian People s Party banned by the Polish au¬
thorities, and
Kożdoń
did not regain his position of Mayor of (Western) Teschen. Instead, he was entrusted
with the post of the liquidator of the Polish cooperative banks, but despite pressure exerted by the authorities,
Kożdoń
went slowly about liquidating them. He utilized the respect which Germans felt for him to save
Silesian Poles from wartime repressions.
Kożdoń
did not bear a grudge even against his greatest enemy, the
Pole, Zabawski, and enabled him
lo
leave lor Warsaw in the
Generalgouvernement.
In
1941,
the National Socialists instituted a German National List (DVL, Deutsche
Volksliste),
onto
which practically all the inhabitants of Teschen Silesia had to be inscribed, meaning the Gerrmnizalion of
Silesians.
Kożdoń
agreed to become a member of the regional DVL committee for the Province of Upper
Silesia1192 with its seal in Kattowitz (Katowice). He believed thai he would be able to help his fellow Silesians
and countrymen.
Kożdoń
intervened in these many cases when, due to the intervention of Gestapo (Security
State Police) or the
NSDAP
(National Socialist German Workers Party), inscription onto the DVL list was
denied to numerous Silesian Poles. Then they were included in Group III of the DVL, which allowed them
to retain their employment, positions, pensions, houses and land.
The politics of the Third Reich completely disillusioned the Silesians. Instead
o ľ
autonomy for their
land and the cultivation of the Silesian nationality, (Teschen) Silesia was completely Germanized and
made into an indistinguishable part
offne
centralized and totalitarian state of the German Empire 91 (popu¬
larly known as the Third Reich).
Kożdoń
did not hide from Germans his disillusionment and bitterness about
the situation, and openly criticized the policy of ethnolinguistic homogenization
(Gleichschaltung)
that was
to produce a homogenous
Gemían
nation
(Volksgemeinschaft). In
the interwar period he had also criticized
similar policies aimed at producing a unilied Czechoslovak nation in Czechsolovakia, and at the Polonization
of the ethnically non-Polish citizens in Poland.
Because
Kożdoń
did not accept violence as an instrument of politics, he strongly criticized the Ger¬
man authorities repressions directed at Teschen Poles. Furthermore, he ignored the official ban on the use
ol the Silesian language, and as the liquidator of Polish cooperative banks, most often he talked
ю
such
banks managers and clerks in the Slavic dialect ol Teschen Silesia (that is, in the Silesian language). Despite
252
his open defiance of the National Socialist authorities, they did not dare to repress
Kożdoń
in any way. The
German Head
(Landrat)
of County Teschen could not help noticing the disillusionment of the inhabitants
with the Third Reich s rule and pledged to do his best to regain their trust. To this end, in September
1 943,
on the occasion of the
70й
birthday of
Kożdoń,
Germans organized official celebrations of this event, in the
framework of which Mayor Koperberg bestowed
Kożdoń
with
honorars
citizenship of the Town of Teschen.
Under the conditions of war, it must have been Hitler alone who issued
a pennit
for such celebrations.
At the celebrations the County Teschen leader
(Kreisleiter)
of the
NSDAP (Kreisleiter), Pannenborg,
spoke of
Kożdoń
as an epitome of
German(ic)
warrior/ an opinion as absurd as that of the German-lan¬
guage newspaper, Silesia, that, before World War I, had branded him as a Polish agitator/ Significantly,
although
Kożdoń
declared his loyalty to the
Gemían
authorities, he openly criticized the National Socialist
policy of
Volksgemeinschaft
and fought against the ban on the use of the Silesian (slonsakisch) language in
public, which he did, as he later wrote on every occasion which came my way.
Kożdoń
condemned, as he
wrote in the presence of the representatives of the government, the executions by shooting of innocent
population. He sent many memoranda to the authorities, for instance, against the planned expulsion of the
holders of DVL Group III inscriptions into the heartland of the Third Reich. He endeavored to use his
considerable influence to help, in a completely disinterested manner, Silesians, and above all, Czechs and
Poles whose life was endangered in the course of totalitarian repressions.
At the beginning of
1945,
when the Red
Anny
swept across Silesia,
Kożdoń
and his family were
evacuated to Karlsbad (Karlovy Vary), Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (today, in the Czech Repub¬
lic). There he said farewell to his wife and two daughters, who were further evacuated onto the territory of
internar
Germany. After peace was announced, he returned to
Český Těšín,
where he spent several weeks in
a refugee camp near the church. Although shortly before the end of the war, there had appeared leaflets
repeating the post-1918 idea of the neutralization of Teschen Silesia as an autonomous or independent
polity, the majority of the activists of the Silesian People s Party went along with the new situation and
supported the Czechs.
The Poles wanted
Kożdoń
to be extradited but Prague did not consent, on the ground that he had never
been a Polish citizen. Czech communists wanted to try
Kożdoń
accusing him of collaboration with Germans,
but they were not able to, because Czech socialists defended him, remembering their cooperation with him
for the sake of the Teschen plebiscite (which failed to take place.) In
1945
the Transolsa detachment of the
Polish army attempted to kidnap
Kożdoń
to try him for collaboration with the Germans, but in reality, for his
anti-Polish
slance
in
1919-1920.
This attempt ended in a brutal beating of the old and
infinn
Silesian by two
young Polish heroes, and once again
Kożdoń
had to leave his homeland, this time for
Opava.
Before the events, he had typed the Polish-language document, My Attitude to Poland, the Poles, and
Our [Silesian] Population
{Mój stosunek
do
Polski, Polaków i do ludności naszej).
Already in
Opava,
Kożdoń
submitted to the authorities an application for the rehabilitation of his person in order to free himself
írom
the accusation of collaboration with the Germans. As an enclosure he added another Polish-language
document. The Short Description of My Political Activities Between
1909
and
1945
{Krótki opis mojej
politycznej działalności w latach
1909-1945).
In it he included a list of
300
people who escaped National
Socialist repressions during the war thanks to
Kożdoń
s
help, and concluded let me ask if. under these
conditions, I could do more for our people, and let me ask if there is someone who did more [than I].
In
1946
his only son, Ernest, who had just returned from British captivity, died in an accident in a
coal mine in
Orlová.
At the end of his sojourn in
Opava,
in
1948,
Kożdoń
managed to write in Czech his
memoirs,
Moje zkušenosti ve službě vlasti, můj osud
[How I Served
my State:
In My Opinion], in which he
described Iris disillusionment with the policies of the Third Reich
vis-à-vis
the Silesians.
Erna,
his daugh¬
ter, took care of
Kożdoń
until his death. They lived together with Ema s three children
(Karol,
Rudolf and
Kurt) in a single room of Kozdon s fomier apartment in
Český Těšín.
On
7
December
1949
about
6
o clock
p.m., in the
Mariánům
hospice in
Opava,
Kożdoń
died in his 76th year. On
11
December he was buried in a
local central cemetery. In
1991
there was a plan to move his remains to the communal cemetery
iti
Český
Těšín,
which
Kożdoń
had founded. Eventually, in
2003,
when his daughter,
Erna,
was buried in
Český Tčšín,
a symbolic plaque was placed on her gravestone, with the following inscription
Josef Koždoň,
born on
8
September
1873,
died on
7
December
1949,
Mayor of
Český Těšín.
Translated by
Tomasz
Kamusella
Proofread by Michael
О
Gorman
253
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Jerczyński, Dariusz |
| author_facet | Jerczyński, Dariusz |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Jerczyński, Dariusz |
| author_variant | d j dj |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040905563 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)854685873 (DE-599)BVBBV040905563 |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>03158nam a2200577 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV040905563</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20211007 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">130321s2011 |||| |||| 00||| pol d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9788360540084</subfield><subfield code="9">978-83-60540-08-4</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="z">836054008X</subfield><subfield code="9">836054008X</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)854685873</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV040905563</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">pol</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">7,41</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Jerczyński, Dariusz</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Józef Kożdoń (1873 - 1949)</subfield><subfield code="b">przywódca Śląskiej Partii Ludowej a kwestia narodowości śląskiej na Śląsku Cieszyńskim i Opawskim w XIX i XX stuleciu = Josef Kożdoń (1873-1949) : the leader of the Silesian People's Party, and the question of the Silesian nationality in Teschen Silesia and Troppau Silesia during the 19th and 20th centuries = Zefel Kożdōń (1873 - 1949)</subfield><subfield code="c">Dariusz Jerczyński</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="246" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Józef Kożdoń a narodowość śląska</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="246" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Josef Koždoň</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="246" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Josef Kożdoń (1873-1949)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="246" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Zefel Kożdōń (1873 - 1949)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Zabrze</subfield><subfield code="b">Narodowa Oficyna Śląska</subfield><subfield code="c">2011</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">289 s.</subfield><subfield code="b">il.</subfield><subfield code="c">28 cm</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">NT: Józef Kożdoń a narodowość śląska. - Josef Koždoň. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="600" ind1="1" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Koždon, Josef</subfield><subfield code="d">1873-1949</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1043052070</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Multikulturelle Gesellschaft</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4214151-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Opawa (Czechy ; region) / stosunki międzyetniczne / historia</subfield><subfield code="2">jhpk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Śląsk Cieszyński (Polska ; region) / stosunki międzyetniczne / 19 w</subfield><subfield code="2">jhpk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Śląsk Cieszyński (Polska ; region) / stosunki międzyetniczne / 20 w</subfield><subfield code="2">jhpk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Teschener Schlesien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1241706174</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Troppau</subfield><subfield code="z">Region</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4432916-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Troppau</subfield><subfield code="z">Region</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4432916-7</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Teschener Schlesien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1241706174</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Koždon, Josef</subfield><subfield code="d">1873-1949</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1043052070</subfield><subfield code="D">p</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Multikulturelle Gesellschaft</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4214151-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="u">https://www.recensio.net/r/934811a014024ae1916d6393d7cc8e05</subfield><subfield code="y">rezensiert in: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung (ZfO), 64 (2015), 2, S. 301-303</subfield><subfield code="3">Rezension</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025885006&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025885006&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025885006</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">306.09</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="g">438</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">306.09</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="g">4371</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Opawa (Czechy ; region) / stosunki międzyetniczne / historia jhpk Śląsk Cieszyński (Polska ; region) / stosunki międzyetniczne / 19 w jhpk Śląsk Cieszyński (Polska ; region) / stosunki międzyetniczne / 20 w jhpk Teschener Schlesien (DE-588)1241706174 gnd Troppau Region (DE-588)4432916-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Opawa (Czechy ; region) / stosunki międzyetniczne / historia Śląsk Cieszyński (Polska ; region) / stosunki międzyetniczne / 19 w Śląsk Cieszyński (Polska ; region) / stosunki międzyetniczne / 20 w Teschener Schlesien Troppau Region |
| id | DE-604.BV040905563 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:34:58Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788360540084 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025885006 |
| oclc_num | 854685873 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 289 s. il. 28 cm |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Narodowa Oficyna Śląska |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Jerczyński, Dariusz Verfasser aut Józef Kożdoń (1873 - 1949) przywódca Śląskiej Partii Ludowej a kwestia narodowości śląskiej na Śląsku Cieszyńskim i Opawskim w XIX i XX stuleciu = Josef Kożdoń (1873-1949) : the leader of the Silesian People's Party, and the question of the Silesian nationality in Teschen Silesia and Troppau Silesia during the 19th and 20th centuries = Zefel Kożdōń (1873 - 1949) Dariusz Jerczyński Józef Kożdoń a narodowość śląska Josef Koždoň Josef Kożdoń (1873-1949) Zefel Kożdōń (1873 - 1949) Zabrze Narodowa Oficyna Śląska 2011 289 s. il. 28 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier NT: Józef Kożdoń a narodowość śląska. - Josef Koždoň. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Koždon, Josef 1873-1949 (DE-588)1043052070 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Multikulturelle Gesellschaft (DE-588)4214151-5 gnd rswk-swf Opawa (Czechy ; region) / stosunki międzyetniczne / historia jhpk Śląsk Cieszyński (Polska ; region) / stosunki międzyetniczne / 19 w jhpk Śląsk Cieszyński (Polska ; region) / stosunki międzyetniczne / 20 w jhpk Teschener Schlesien (DE-588)1241706174 gnd rswk-swf Troppau Region (DE-588)4432916-7 gnd rswk-swf Troppau Region (DE-588)4432916-7 g Teschener Schlesien (DE-588)1241706174 g Koždon, Josef 1873-1949 (DE-588)1043052070 p Multikulturelle Gesellschaft (DE-588)4214151-5 s Geschichte z DE-604 https://www.recensio.net/r/934811a014024ae1916d6393d7cc8e05 rezensiert in: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung (ZfO), 64 (2015), 2, S. 301-303 Rezension Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025885006&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025885006&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Jerczyński, Dariusz Józef Kożdoń (1873 - 1949) przywódca Śląskiej Partii Ludowej a kwestia narodowości śląskiej na Śląsku Cieszyńskim i Opawskim w XIX i XX stuleciu = Josef Kożdoń (1873-1949) : the leader of the Silesian People's Party, and the question of the Silesian nationality in Teschen Silesia and Troppau Silesia during the 19th and 20th centuries = Zefel Kożdōń (1873 - 1949) Koždon, Josef 1873-1949 (DE-588)1043052070 gnd Multikulturelle Gesellschaft (DE-588)4214151-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1043052070 (DE-588)4214151-5 (DE-588)1241706174 (DE-588)4432916-7 |
| title | Józef Kożdoń (1873 - 1949) przywódca Śląskiej Partii Ludowej a kwestia narodowości śląskiej na Śląsku Cieszyńskim i Opawskim w XIX i XX stuleciu = Josef Kożdoń (1873-1949) : the leader of the Silesian People's Party, and the question of the Silesian nationality in Teschen Silesia and Troppau Silesia during the 19th and 20th centuries = Zefel Kożdōń (1873 - 1949) |
| title_alt | Józef Kożdoń a narodowość śląska Josef Koždoň Josef Kożdoń (1873-1949) Zefel Kożdōń (1873 - 1949) |
| title_auth | Józef Kożdoń (1873 - 1949) przywódca Śląskiej Partii Ludowej a kwestia narodowości śląskiej na Śląsku Cieszyńskim i Opawskim w XIX i XX stuleciu = Josef Kożdoń (1873-1949) : the leader of the Silesian People's Party, and the question of the Silesian nationality in Teschen Silesia and Troppau Silesia during the 19th and 20th centuries = Zefel Kożdōń (1873 - 1949) |
| title_exact_search | Józef Kożdoń (1873 - 1949) przywódca Śląskiej Partii Ludowej a kwestia narodowości śląskiej na Śląsku Cieszyńskim i Opawskim w XIX i XX stuleciu = Josef Kożdoń (1873-1949) : the leader of the Silesian People's Party, and the question of the Silesian nationality in Teschen Silesia and Troppau Silesia during the 19th and 20th centuries = Zefel Kożdōń (1873 - 1949) |
| title_full | Józef Kożdoń (1873 - 1949) przywódca Śląskiej Partii Ludowej a kwestia narodowości śląskiej na Śląsku Cieszyńskim i Opawskim w XIX i XX stuleciu = Josef Kożdoń (1873-1949) : the leader of the Silesian People's Party, and the question of the Silesian nationality in Teschen Silesia and Troppau Silesia during the 19th and 20th centuries = Zefel Kożdōń (1873 - 1949) Dariusz Jerczyński |
| title_fullStr | Józef Kożdoń (1873 - 1949) przywódca Śląskiej Partii Ludowej a kwestia narodowości śląskiej na Śląsku Cieszyńskim i Opawskim w XIX i XX stuleciu = Josef Kożdoń (1873-1949) : the leader of the Silesian People's Party, and the question of the Silesian nationality in Teschen Silesia and Troppau Silesia during the 19th and 20th centuries = Zefel Kożdōń (1873 - 1949) Dariusz Jerczyński |
| title_full_unstemmed | Józef Kożdoń (1873 - 1949) przywódca Śląskiej Partii Ludowej a kwestia narodowości śląskiej na Śląsku Cieszyńskim i Opawskim w XIX i XX stuleciu = Josef Kożdoń (1873-1949) : the leader of the Silesian People's Party, and the question of the Silesian nationality in Teschen Silesia and Troppau Silesia during the 19th and 20th centuries = Zefel Kożdōń (1873 - 1949) Dariusz Jerczyński |
| title_short | Józef Kożdoń (1873 - 1949) |
| title_sort | jozef kozdon 1873 1949 przywodca slaskiej partii ludowej a kwestia narodowosci slaskiej na slasku cieszynskim i opawskim w xix i xx stuleciu josef kozdon 1873 1949 the leader of the silesian people s party and the question of the silesian nationality in teschen silesia and troppau silesia during the 19th and 20th centuries zefel kozdon 1873 1949 |
| title_sub | przywódca Śląskiej Partii Ludowej a kwestia narodowości śląskiej na Śląsku Cieszyńskim i Opawskim w XIX i XX stuleciu = Josef Kożdoń (1873-1949) : the leader of the Silesian People's Party, and the question of the Silesian nationality in Teschen Silesia and Troppau Silesia during the 19th and 20th centuries = Zefel Kożdōń (1873 - 1949) |
| topic | Koždon, Josef 1873-1949 (DE-588)1043052070 gnd Multikulturelle Gesellschaft (DE-588)4214151-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Koždon, Josef 1873-1949 Multikulturelle Gesellschaft Opawa (Czechy ; region) / stosunki międzyetniczne / historia Śląsk Cieszyński (Polska ; region) / stosunki międzyetniczne / 19 w Śląsk Cieszyński (Polska ; region) / stosunki międzyetniczne / 20 w Teschener Schlesien Troppau Region |
| url | https://www.recensio.net/r/934811a014024ae1916d6393d7cc8e05 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025885006&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025885006&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jerczynskidariusz jozefkozdon18731949przywodcaslaskiejpartiiludowejakwestianarodowoscislaskiejnaslaskucieszynskimiopawskimwxixixxstuleciujosefkozdon18731949theleaderofthesilesianpeoplespartyandthequestionofthesilesiannationalityinteschensilesiaandtroppausilesiaduringthe19t AT jerczynskidariusz jozefkozdonanarodowoscslaska AT jerczynskidariusz josefkozdon AT jerczynskidariusz josefkozdon18731949 AT jerczynskidariusz zefelkozdon18731949 |