Insect molecular genetics: an introduction to principles and applications
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam, NL [u.a.]
Acad. Press
2013
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXVII, 808 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780124158740 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Hoy, Marjorie A. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Insect molecular genetics |b an introduction to principles and applications |c by Marjorie A. Hoy |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam, NL [u.a.] |b Acad. Press |c 2013 | |
| 300 | |a XXVII, 808 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. |c 24 cm | ||
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804150147389587456 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Insect Molecular Genetics
An Introduction to Principles and Applications
Third Edition
Marjorie A Hoy
ELSEVIER
AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON
NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO
SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO
Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier
Contents
Preface to the Third Edition xvii
Preface to the Second Edition xxi
Preface to the First Edition xxiii
Acknowledgments xxvii
PART I: GENES AND GENOME ORGANIZATION IN EUKARYOTES 1
Chapter 1 DNA, Gene Structure, and DNA Replication 3
1 1 Overview 3
1 2 DNA is the Hereditary Material: A Brief History 4
1 3 The Central Dogma 6
1 4 The RNA World Came First? 8
1 5 The Molecular Structure of DNA 8
1 6 The Molecular Structure of RNA 11
1 7 The Double Helix 13
1 8 Complementary Base Pairing is Fundamental 14
1 9 DNA Exists in Several Forms 14
1 10 Genes 16
1 11 The Genetic Code for Protein-Coding Genes is a
Triplet and is Degenerate 16
1 12 Gene Organization 18
1 13 Efficient DNA Replication is Essential 21
1 14 DNA Replication is Semiconservative 21
1 15 Replication Begins at Replication Origins 21
1 16 DNA Replication Occurs Only in the 5 to 3 Direction 22
1 17 Replication of DNA Requires an RNA Primer 23
1 18 Ligation of Replicated DNA Fragments 23
1 19 DNA Replication during Mitosis in Eukaryotes 25
1 20 Telomeres at the End: A Solution to the Loss of DNA during Replication 28
1 21 DNA Replication Fidelity and DNA Repair 28
1 22 Mutations in the Genome 29
1 23 Common Genetic Terminology 32
1 24 Independent Assortment and Recombination during Sexual Reproduction 33
v
vi Contents
General References 33
References Cited 34
Chapter 2 Transcription, Translation, and Regulation of Eukaryotic DNA 37
2 1 Overview 37
2 2 Introduction 38
2 3 RNA Synthesis is Gene Transcription 41
2 4 Transcription Involves Binding, Initiation, Elongation, and Termination 43
2 5 RNA Transcripts of Protein-Coding Genes 45
2 6 RNA of Protein-Coding Genes Must Be Modified and Processed in
Eukaryotes 45
2 7 Splicing Out the Introns 47
2 8 Translation Involves Protein Synthesis 48
2 9 RNA Surveillance: Damage Control 52
2 10 Import and Export from the Nucleus 53
2 11 Transport of Proteins within the Cytoplasm 54
2 12 mRNA Stability 55
2 13 Chaperones and the Proteosome 56
2 14 RNA Silencing or Interference and miRNAs 56
2 15 Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes 58
2 16 Insulators and Boundaries 63
2 17 Chromosome or Gene Imprinting in Insects 64
2 18 Eukaryotic Genomes and Evolution 66
References Cited 67
Chapter 3 Nuclear and Extranudear DNA in Insects 71
3 1 Overview 71
3 2 Introduction 72
3 3 C-Value Paradox: Is it Real? 73
3 4 Repetitive DNA is Common in Insects 74
3 5 Composition of Insect DNA 76
3 6 Chromosomes are DNA Plus Proteins 76
3 7 Packaging Long, Thin DNA Molecules into Tiny Spaces 77
3 8 Structure of the Nucleus 79
3 9 Euchromatin and Heterochromatin 80
3 10 Centromeres 81
3 11 Telomeres 82
3 12 Chromosomes during Mitosis and Meiosis 84
3 12 1 Mitosis 84
3 12 2 Meiosis 87
3 13 Chromosome Damage 90
3 14 Polyteny 92
3 15 Chromosomal Puffing 93
3 16 B Chromosomes 94
3 17 Sex Chromosomes 94
Contents vii
3 18 Extranuclear Inheritance in Mitochondrial Genes 95
3 19 Transposable Elements are Ubiquitous Agents that Alter Genomes 99
References Cited 99
Chapter 4 Genetic Systems, Genome Evolution, and Genetic Control of
Embryonic Development in Insects 103
4 1 Overview ^ 104
4 2 Introduction 105
4 3 Genetic Systems in Insects 105
4 4 Endopolyploidy is Common in Somatic Tissues of Arthropods 107
4 5 Genetics of Insects Other than D melanogaster 107
4 6 Dynamic Insect Genomes 108
461 Horizontal Gene Transfer from Microorganisms to Insects 109
47B Chromosomes 110
4 8 Unique-Sequence DNA in the Nucleus Ill
4 9 Middle-Repetitive DNA in the Nucleus Ill
491 Heat-Shock Genes 112
492 Histone Genes 113
493 Immune-Response Genes 113
494 Ribosomal Genes 115
495 Silk Genes 115
496 Transfer RNA Genes 116
497 Vitellogenin Genes 116
498 Transposable Elements 117
4 10 Highly Repetitive DNA 122
4 11 Producing Large Amounts of Protein in a Short Ti me:
Gene Amplification and Gene Duplication 123
4 11 1 Chorion Genes in Drosophila and Moths 124
4 11 2 Insecticide Resistance 127
4 12 Multiple Genomes in or on Insects: What is the Biological Individual? 127
4 12 1 Multiple Symbionts 128
r4 12 2 Wolbachia and Cardinium 132
4 12 3 Polydnaviruses in Parasitoids 139
4 12 4 Gut Symbionts in Arthropods 141
4 12 5 Symbiosis in Fungus-Growing Attine Ants 143
4 12 6 Southern Pine Beetle Symbionts 146
4 12 7 Aphid Symbionts 146
4 12 8 Tsetse Fly Symbionts 148
4 13 Insect Development 149
4 13 1 Oocyte Formation in D melanogaster 149
4 13 2 Embryogenesis in D melanogaster 151
4 13 3 Postembryonic Development 153
4 14 Dissecting Development with D melanogaster Mutants 154
4 14 1 Maternal-Effect Genes 155
viii Contents
4 14 2 Zygotic-Segmentation Genes 157
4 14 3 Insect Metamorphosis 161
4 15 Interactions During Development 162
4 16 Similarities and Differences in Development in Other Insects 162
4 17 Evo-Devo and the Revolution in Developmental Studies 164
References Cited 166
PART II: MOLECULAR GENETIC TECHNIQUES 181
Chapter 5 Some Basic Tools: How to Cut, Paste, Copy, Measure,
Visualize, and Clone DNA 183
5 1 Overview 183
5 2 Introduction to a Basic Molecular Biology Experiment 184
521 The Pros and Cons of Kits 185
522A Simple Cloning Experiment 186
5 3 Extracting DNA from Insects 187
531 DNA Extraction Resulting in Loss of the Specimens 187
532 DNA Extraction That Does Not Require Destroying the Specimens 188
533 Assessing the Quality of Extracted DNA 189
5 4 Precipitating Nucleic Acids 190
5 5 Shearing DNA 192
5 6 Cutting DNA with Restriction Endonucleases 192
5 7 Joining DNA Molecules 195
5 8 Growth, Maintenance, and Storage of E coli 196
5 9 Plasmids for Cloning in E coli 196
5 10 Transforming E coli with Plasmids 201
5 11 Purifying Plasmid DNA from E coli 202
5 12 Electrophoresis in Agarose or Acrylamide Gels 204
5 13 Detecting, Viewing, and Photographing Nucleic Acids in Gels 206
5 14 Identifying Specific DNA by Southern Blot Analysis 206
5 15 Labeling DNA or RNA Probes 209
5 16 Removing DNA from Agarose Gels after Electrophoresis 210
5 17 Restriction-Site Mapping 211
General References 212
References Cited 213
Chapter 6 Some Additional Tools for the Molecular Biologist 215
6 1 Overview 215
6 2 Introduction 216
6 3 The Perfect Genomic Library 218
631 Lambda (X) Phage as a Vector 219
632 Cloning with Cosmids 226
633 Cloning in the Filamentous Phage Ml3 228
634 Phagemids 230
635 BACs 230
6 4 cDNA Cloning 230
Contents ix
6 5 Enzymes Used in Molecular Biology Experiments 234
6 6 Isolating a Specific Gene from a Library if Whole-Genome
Sequencing is Not Done 234
6 7 Labeling Probes by a Variety of Methods 240
671 Synthesis of Uniformly Labeled DNA Probes by Random Primers 241
672 Synthesis of Probes by Primer Extension 241
673 End-Labeled Probes 241
674 Single-Stranded Probes 241
675 Synthetic Probes 242
6 8 Baculovirus Vectors Express Foreign Polypeptides in Insect Cells 242
6 9 Expression Microarray Analysis 243
General References 247
References Cited 247
Chapter 7 DNA Sequencing and the Evolution of the -Omics 251
7 1 Overview 252
7 2 Introduction 253
7 3 The Dideoxy or Chain-Termination (Sanger) Method 255
7 4 The Maxam and Gilbert Sequencing Method 261
7 5 Shotgun Strategies for Genomes 262
7 6 Sequencing DNA by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 263
7 7 Automated Sanger Sequencers 264
771 Decreasing Costs of Sanger Sequencing 264
7 8 Analyzing DNA Sequence Data 265
7 9 DNA-Sequence Data Banks 267
7 10 A Brief History of the Drosophila Genome Project 268
7 10 1 The Original Drosophila Genome Project 269
7 10 2 The Actual Drosophila Genome Project 269
7 10 3 Drosophila Genome Analysis 270
7 10 4 Surprises in the Drosophila Genome 271
7 11 Next-Generation Sequencing Methods and Beyond 272
[7 11 1 Next-Generation (NextGen or Second-Generation) Sequencing 272
7 11 2 Third-Generation Sequencing 276
7 12 Bioinformatics 277
7 12 1 Gene Ontology 279
7 13 Genome Analyses of Other Arthropods 279
7 13 1 Interesting Findings from Completed Genomes 281
7 13 2 What Do You Need to Do to Sequence Your Favorite
Insect s Genome? 285
7 14 Transposable Elements (TEs) as Agents of Genome Evolution 287
7 15 Transcriptomics 288
7 15 1 Tiling Microarrays 290
7 16 Metagenomics 290
7 17 Proteomics: Another -Omic 291
7 18 Functional Genomics 292
x Contents
7 19 Structural Genomics—Another New Horizon? 293
7 20 Comparative Genomics 294
7 21 Interactomes or Reactomes 295
7 22 The Post-Genomic Era: Systems Genetics 295
General References 297
References Cited 297
Chapter 8 DNA Amplification by the Polymerase Chain Reaction:
Molecular Biology Made Accessible 307
8 1 Overview 308
8 2 Introduction 309
8 3 The Basic Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 312
831 The First Few Cycles are Critical 312
832 PCR Power 313
833 Standard PCR Protocols 313
834 DNA Polymerases 313
835 Other Thermostable DNA Polymerases 315
836 Primers are Primary 315
837 Storing Insects for the PCR 318
838 Preparing DNA Samples 319
839 PCR Automation 324
8 3 10 Specificity of the PCR 324
8 3 11 Detecting Primer Artifacts 326
8 3 12 How Many Cycles Does a PCR Need? 326
8 3 13 Reducing the Evils of Contamination 327
8 4 Some Modifications of the PCR 329
841 AFLP for DNA Fingerprinting 329
842 Anchored PCR 333
843 Arbitrary Primers 333
8^4 4 Asymmetric PCR 334
845 Degenerate Primers 334
846 Hot-Start PCR 335
847 Inverse PCR 335
848 Long PCR or High-Fidelity PCR 336
849 Multiplex PCR 339
8 4 10 Nested PCR 341
8 4 11 PCR-RFLP 341
8 4 12 Quantitative PCR 342
8 4 13 Random Primers 342
8 4 14 Real-Time PCR 345
8 4 15 Reverse-Transcription PCR 346
8 4 16 TaqMan PCR 346
8 4 17 Digital PCR 346
Contents xi
8 5 Some Research Applications 347
851 Amplifying Ancient DNA 347
852 Amplifying Old DNA 350
853 Amplifying RNA 351
854 Analysis of mRNA Polyadenylation 352
855 Cloning a Gene 352
856 Detecting Gene Amplification 354
857 Detecting Methylation of DNA 354
858 Detecting Pathogens in Vector Arthropods 354
859 Detecting Pesticide Resistance 355
8 5 10 Developmental Biology 356
8 5 11 Engineering DNA 356
8 5 12 Evaluate Efficacy of Disease Control 357
8 5 13 Evolutionary Analyses 357
8 5 14 Sequencing DNA 358
8 6 Multiple Displacement Amplification: Another Method to Amplify DNA 359
8 7 Concluding Remarks 359
References Cited 361
Chapter 9 Transposable-Element Vectors and Other Methods to
Genetically Modify Drosophila and Other Insects 373
9 1 Overview 374
9 2 Introduction 375
93P Elements and Hybrid Dysgenesis 376
9 4 P-Element Structure Varies 377
9 5 Transposition Method of P Elements 378
9 6 Origin of P Elements in D melanogaster 379
97P Vectors and Germ-Line Transformation 381
971 Protocols 381
972 Characterizing Transformants 385
9 8 Using P-Element Vectors 386
r981 Transposon Tagging 386
982 Expressing Exogenous Genes 387
983 Evaluating Position Effects 387
984 Targeted Gene Transfer 388
9 9 Transformation of Other Insects with P Vectors 390
9 10 Evolution of Resistance to P Elements 390
9 11 Using P to Drive Genes into Populations 392
9 12 Relationship of P to Other Transposable Elements (TEs) 392
9 13 Other TEs Can Transform D melanogaster 393
9 14 Improved Transformation Tools for Drosophila 393
9 15 TE Vectors to Transform Insects other than Drosophila 395
9 15 1 piggyBac 395
9 15 2 Hermes and Herves 395
xii Contents
9 15 3 Minos 396
9 15 4 mariner 396
9 15 5 hobo 398
9 16 Cross Mobilization of TE Vectors 398
9 17 Conversion of Inactive TE Vectors to Activity , 398
9 18 Suppression of Transgene Expression 399
9 19 Other Transformation Methods 399
9 19 1 JcDNV Gene Vectors for Somatic Transformations 401
9 19 2 RNAi for Drosophila 401
9 19 3 Zinc-Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) 403
9 19 4 Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) 404
9 19 5 Meganucleases (or Homing Endonucleases) 405
9 19 6 Cell-Penetrating Peptides 406
9 19 7 Nanotechnology Approaches 406
9 20 Conclusions 407
General References 407
References Cited 407
PART III: APPLICATIONS IN ENTOMOLOGY 417
Chapter 10 Sex Determination in Insects 419
10 1 Overview 420
10 2 Introduction 420
10 3 Costs and Benefits of Sexual Reproduction 421
10 3 1 Sexual Reproduction Has Costs 421
10 3 2 Advantages of Sex Must Be Large 422
10 3 3 Origin of Sex 423
10 4 Sex Determination Involves Soma and Germ-Line Tissues 424
10 5 Sex Determination in Drosophila melanogaster 424
10 5 1 Dosage Compensation of X Chromosomes 425
10 5 2 Somatic-Sex Determination 427
10 5 3 Germ-Line Determination 430
10 6 Are Sex-Determination Mechanisms Diverse? 431
10 6 1 Intraspecific Variability 434
10 6 2 Environmental Effects 436
10 6 3 Postzygotic Sex Determination 437
10 7 A Single Model? 437
10 8 Meiotic Drive Can Distort Sex Ratios 440
10 8 1 Segregation Distorter (SD) 440
1Q 8 2 Distorter in Mosquitoes 441
10 8 3 Female-Biased Sex Ratios in Stalk-Eyed Flies 441
10 8 4 Meiotic Drive as a Pest-Management Tool? 441
10 9 Hybrid Sterility 442
10 10 Medea in Tribolium 442
Contents xiii
10 11 Cytoplasmic Agents Distort Normal Sex Rat ios 442
10 11 1 Spiroplasma Strains 445
10 11 2 L-Form Bacteria 445
10 11 3 Rickettsia 446
10 11 4 Wolbachia 446
10 11 5 Cardinium 449
10 12 Paternal Sex-Ratio Chromosomes and Cytoplasmic
Incompatibility in Nasonia 450
10 13 Male Killing in the Coccinellidae 450
10 14 Sex and the Sorted Insects 451
10 14 1 Genetic Control 451
10 14 2 Genetic Improvement of Parasitoids 453
10 15 Conclusion 454
References Cited 454
Chapter 11 Molecular Genetics of Insect Behavior 465
11 1 Overview 466
11 2 Introduction 467
11 3 The Insect Nervous System 469
11 4 Traditional Genetic Analyses of Behavior 471
11 4 1 Crossing Experiments 471
11 4 2 Selection Experiments 476
11 4 3 Some Polygenically Determined Behaviors 478
11 5 Molecular-Genetic Analyses of Insect Behavior 479
11 5 1 The Photoperiodic Clock 480
11 5 2 Learning in Drosophila 486
11 5 3 Functional Genomics of Odor Behavior in Drosophila 490
11 5 4 Behavior of Apis mellifera 491
11 5 5 Pheromones in Insects 492
11 5 6 Neurobiochemistry of Drosophila 493
11 5 7 Divergent Functions of Est-6 and Est-5 in Two Drosophila Species:
f A Cautionary Tale of Homologs 496
11 5 8 Courtship Behavior in Drosophila 497
11 5 9 Speciation Genes in Drosophila and Other Insects 499
11 5 10 Personality in Insects: Tribolium conjiisum, Apis mellifera,
Acyrthosiphon pisum, and Pyrrhocoris apterus 501
11 6 Symbionts and Insect Behavior 502
11 7 Human Neurodegenerative Diseases and Addictions in Drosophila 503
11 8 High-Throughput Ethomics 506
11 9 Systems Genetics of Complex Traits in Drosophila 506
11 10 Social Behavior in Bees and Ants 507
11 11 Conclusions 508
References Cited 509
xiv Contents
Chapter 12 Molecular Systematics and the Evolution of Arthropods 521
12 1 Overview 522
12 2 Introduction 523
12 3 Controversies in Molecular Systematics and Evolution 527
12 3 1 Molecular versus Morphological Traits 527
12 3 2 The Molecular Clock 528
12 3 3 The Neutral (or Nearly Neutral) Theory of Evolution 530
12 3 4 Homology and Similarity 531
12 4 Molecular Methods for Molecular Systematics and Evolution 531
12 4 1 Protein Electrophoresis 533
12 4 2 Molecular Cytology 535
12 4 3 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) Analysis 536
12 4 4 DNA and Genome Sequencing 537
12 4 5 Fragment Analyses of Genomic DNA 538
12 5 Targets of DNA Analysis ; 538
12 5 1 Mitochondria 539
12 5 2 Ribosomal RNA 544
12 5 3 Satellite DNA 546
12 5 4 Introns 546
12 5 5 Nuclear Protein-Coding Genes 546
12 5 6 Rare Genomic Changes 546
12 5 7 MicroRNAs 547
12 6 Steps in Phylogenetic Analysis of DNA Sequence Data 549
12 6 1 Gene Trees or Species Trees 549
12 6 2 Rooted or Unrooted Trees 549
12 6 3 Tree Types 549
12 6 4 Project Goals and Appropriate DNA Sequences 551
12 6 5 Sequence Comparisons with BLAST 553
12 6 6 Aligning Sequences 556
12 6 7 Constructing Phylogenies 556
1/2 6 8 Artifacts 561
12 6 9 Software Packages 562
12 7 The Universal Tree of Life 564
12 7 1 Two Domains 564
12 7 2 Three Domains 564
12 7 3 Origin of Eukaryota 565
12 8 The Fossil Record of Arthropods 568
12 9 Molecular Analyses of Arthropod Phylogeny 571
12 9 1 Evolution of the Ecdysozoa 571
12 9 2 Relationships among the Arthropoda 571
12 9 3 The Phylogeny of the Holometabola 571
12 9 4 Congruence Between Morphology- and Molecular-Based Trees 572
12 9 5 Genomes and Arthropod Phylogenies 572
Contents xv
12 10 Molecular Evolution and Speciation 573
12 10 1 Species Concepts 573
12 10 2 How Many Genes are Involved in Speciation? 575
12 10 3 Detecting Cryptic Species 577
12 11 Some Conclusions 578
Relevant Journals 579
References Cited 579
Chapter 13 Insect Population Ecology and Molecular Genetics 591
13 1 Overview 592
13 2 Introduction 593
13 3 What is Molecular Ecology? 593
13 4 Collecting Arthropods in the Field for Analysis 594
13 5 Molecular Ecological Methods 595
13 5 1 Allele-Specific PCR 596
13 5 2 Allozymes (Protein Electrophoresis) 596
13 5 3 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP-PCR) 599
13 5 4 Double-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (DSCP) 599
13 5 5 Heteroduplex Analysis (HDA) 600
13 5 6 Microarrays 601
13 5 7 Microsatellites 602
13 5 8 RFLP Analysis : 604
13 5 9 PCR-RFLP 604
13 5 10 RAPD-PCR 605
13 5 11 Sequencing 606
13 5 12 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Markers 608
13 6 Analysis of Molecular Data 608
13 6 1 Allozymes 609
13 6 2 Microsatellites 612
13 6 3 RAPD-PCR 613
13 6 4 RFLPs 613
I 13 6 5 Sequencing 614
13 7 Case Studies in Molecular Ecology and Population Biology 614
13 7 1 Genetic Variability in the Fall Armyworm: Incipient Species or
Multiple Species? 614
13 7 2 Analyses of Natural Enemies 617
13 7 3 Population Isolation and Introgression in Periodical Cicadas 620
13 7 4 Eradicating Medflies in California? 625
13 7 5 Plant Defenses to Insect Herbivory 639
13 7 6 Origins of Insect Populations 641
13 8 Applied Pest Management 643
13 8 1 Monitoring Biotypes, Species, and Cryptic Species 644
13 8 2 Monitoring Vectors of Disease 645
13 8 3 Pesticide Resistances and Pest Management 645
xvi Contents
13 8 4 Monitoring Pest-Population Biology 646
13 8 5 The So What? Test 646
Relevant Journals 647
References Cited 647
Chapter 14 Genetic Modification of Pest and Beneficial Insects for
Pest-Management Programs 661
14 1 Overview 662
14 2 Introduction 664
14 3 Why Genetically Modify Insects? 664
14 3 1 Beneficial Insects 664
14 3 2 Pest Insects 667
14 4 Why Use Molecular-Genetic Methods? 668
14 5 What Genetic Modification Methods are Available? 672
14 5 1 Transposable-Element (TE) Vectors and Transgenesis 672
14 5 2 Paratransgenesis (Genetic Modification of Symbionts) 675
14 5 3 Viral Vectors 677
14 5 4 Transfer of Wolbachia from Another Arthropod 679
14 5 5 Site-Specific Modifications 679
14 5 6 No Vectors 680
14 5 7 RNAi to Control Pests 680
14 6 Methods to Deliver Exogenous Nucleic Acids into Arthropod Tissues 685
14 7 What Genes are Available? 686
14 8 Why are Regulatory Signals Important? 686
14 9 How are Modified Arthropods Identified? 687
14 10 How to Deploy Genetically Modified Pest and Beneficial Arthropods 689
14 11 Potential Risks Associated with Releases of Genetically
Modified Arthropods 692
14 11 1 Could Gene Silencing Reduce Program Effectiveness? 692
14 11 2 Relative Risks 693
14^11 3 General Risk Issues 693
14 11 4 Horizontal Transfer (HT) 693
14 12 Permanent Releases of Genetically Modified Arthropods into the
Environment 697
14 12 1 Models to Predict? 697
14 13 Regulatory Issues: Releases of Genetically Modified Arthropods 700
14 14 Conclusions 700
References Cited 715
Glossary 737
Index 779
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Hoy, Marjorie A. |
| author_facet | Hoy, Marjorie A. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Hoy, Marjorie A. |
| author_variant | m a h ma mah |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040806540 |
| classification_rvk | WG 1700 WG 3000 WG 5800 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)854685104 (DE-599)BSZ379649152 |
| discipline | Biologie |
| edition | 3. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| genre | 1\p (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Einführung |
| id | DE-604.BV040806540 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:34:18Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780124158740 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025786521 |
| oclc_num | 854685104 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-20 |
| owner_facet | DE-20 |
| physical | XXVII, 808 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Acad. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Hoy, Marjorie A. Verfasser aut Insect molecular genetics an introduction to principles and applications by Marjorie A. Hoy 3. ed. Amsterdam, NL [u.a.] Acad. Press 2013 XXVII, 808 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Insects / Molecular genetics Molekulargenetik (DE-588)4039987-4 gnd rswk-swf Insekten (DE-588)4027110-9 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Insekten (DE-588)4027110-9 s Molekulargenetik (DE-588)4039987-4 s DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025786521&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Hoy, Marjorie A. Insect molecular genetics an introduction to principles and applications Insects / Molecular genetics Molekulargenetik (DE-588)4039987-4 gnd Insekten (DE-588)4027110-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4039987-4 (DE-588)4027110-9 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Insect molecular genetics an introduction to principles and applications |
| title_auth | Insect molecular genetics an introduction to principles and applications |
| title_exact_search | Insect molecular genetics an introduction to principles and applications |
| title_full | Insect molecular genetics an introduction to principles and applications by Marjorie A. Hoy |
| title_fullStr | Insect molecular genetics an introduction to principles and applications by Marjorie A. Hoy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insect molecular genetics an introduction to principles and applications by Marjorie A. Hoy |
| title_short | Insect molecular genetics |
| title_sort | insect molecular genetics an introduction to principles and applications |
| title_sub | an introduction to principles and applications |
| topic | Insects / Molecular genetics Molekulargenetik (DE-588)4039987-4 gnd Insekten (DE-588)4027110-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Insects / Molecular genetics Molekulargenetik Insekten Einführung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025786521&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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