The Novarupta-Katmai eruption of 1912 - largest eruption of the twentieth century: centennial perspectives
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, DC
United States Gov. Print. Off.
2012
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Professional paper / Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey
1791 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 259 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9781411333802 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
FOREWORD III
ABSTRACT 1
CHAPTER 1. THE 1912 ERUPTION AND ITS IMPORTANCE 3
OVERVIEW OF THE ERUPTION 3
VOLCANOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE 1912 ERUPTION 3
CHAPTER 2. THE CONTEXT OF THE 1912 ERUPTION 13
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING 13
CULTURAL SETTING: KATMAI BEFORE 1912 13
CULTURAL SETTING: THE WORLD IN 1912 14
SCIENTIFIC CONTEXT OF THE EARLY KATMAI INVESTIGATIONS 15
GEOLOGIC SETTING OF THE KATMAI VOLCANO CLUSTER 17
CHAPTER 3. 1912 ERUPTION NARRATIVE: WHAT WAS ACTUALLY RECORDED IN 1912
19
CHRONOLOGY OF OBSERVATIONS IN 1912 19
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE ERUPTION 22
RECOVERY OF FLORA AND FAUNA 22
CHAPTER 4. HISTORY OF INVESTIGATIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS 25
CHRONOLOGY OF GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS AT KATMAI 25
PRINCIPAL CONTRIBUTORS TO THE EARLY GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS AT KATMAI 42
CHAPTER 5. PRODUCTS OF THE 1912 ERUPTION 45
ERUPTIVE EPISODE 1 48
LAYER A 49
ALL-RHYOLITE IGNIMBRITE 51
LAYER B 56
COMPOSITIONALLY HETEROGENEOUS (MAIN) VALLEY-FILLING IGNIMBRITE (VFI) 57
COMPOSITIONALLY HETEROGENEOUS HIGH-ENERGY PROXIMAL IGNIMBRITE (HEPI) 62
TIME CONSTRAINTS FOR EPISODE I 66
ERUPTIVE EPISODES II AND III 68
LAYER C 70
LAYER D 71
LAYER E 71
LAYER F 73
LAYER G 74
LAYER H 76
PROXIMAL PYROCLASTIC DENSITY CURRENTS 77
PROXIMAL FALL DEPOSITS: CONTRASTING FACIES 77
ERUPTIVE EPISODE IV; DACITIC PHANTOM DOME AND BLOCK BED 78
ERUPTIVE EPISODE V: NOVARUPTA RHYOLITE DOME 80
CHAPTER 6. VOLCANOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE PRIMARY ERUPTION PRODUCTS 87
VOLUMES ERUPTED 87
COIGNIMBRITE ASH AND COPLINIAN ASH 87
IMAGE 2
VI
ATMOSPHERIC AND CLIMATIC EFFECTS 88
CHANGES IN COMPOSITIONAL PROPORTIONS DURING THE ERUPTIVE SEQUENCE 91
BANDED PUMICE 94
CONTEMPORANEITY OF FALLS AND FLOWS 96
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ERUPTION COLUMNS 97
COLUMN COLLAPSE AND EMPLACEMENT OF PYROCLASTIC DENSITY CURRENTS 98
EPISODE I ERUPTIVE SEQUENCE 98
CONCURRENT DEPOSITION OF HEPI AND VFI 102
PARTICLE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT 105
DENSIFICATION OF FLOW UNITS 105
EPISODES II AND III: SMALL DENSITY CURRENTS FROM COLUMN MARGINS 111
PHYSICAL FEATURES OF VTTS IGNIMBRITE SHEET 112
ASPECT RATIO 112
FLOW UNITS AND PROGRESSIVE AGGRADATION 112
RE MOBILIZED FLOW UNITS 113
DIFFUSELY PLANE LAMINATED IGNIMBRITE 114
HIGH SAND MARK 114
VALLEY MARGIN RUNUPS 116
INDURATION AND WELDING 119
DEGASSING PIPES 122
EMPLACEMENT OVER AND AGAINST ICE 123
CHAPTER 7. VENT STRUCTURE AT NOVARUPTA 129
ASYMMETRY OF THE PROXIMAL EJECTA RING: THE TURTLE 132
CHAPTERS. CALDERA COLLAPSE AND SEISMICITY 135
SEISMICITY ACCOMPANYING THE 1912 ERUPTION 135
COMPARISON WITH OTHER SEISMICALLY RECORDED CALDERA COLLAPSES 139
HYDROTHERMAL EXPLOSION BRECCIA AND PHREATICALLY EJECTED MUD LAYERS 141
CHAPTER 9. THE TEN THOUSAND SMOKES 143
FUMAROLIC DEPOSITS 147
FUMAROLES IN NOVARUPTA BASIN 153
CHAPTER 10. SECONDARY DEPOSITS 155
SYNERUPTIVE RUNOFF AND REMOBILIZATION 155
SYNERUPTIVE LANDSLIDES 157
LAKES IMPOUNDED 158
PHREATIC CRATERS AND DEPOSITS 165
CHAPTER 11. POSTERUPTIVE EVOLUTION OF THE LANDSCAPE 167
RAPID INCISION OF GORGES 167
ALLUVIAL PLAINS, CHANNELS, AND VENEERS 168
AEOLIAN DEPOSITS 170
BEHAVIOR OF ASH-COVERED GLACIERS 171
KATMAI CALDERA LAKE AND INTRACALDERA GLACIER DEVELOPMENT 173
PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPARISONS: THEN AND NOW 177
CHAPTER 12. THE KATMAI VOLCANO CLUSTER 179
ALAGOGSHAK VOLCANO 179
MOUNT MARTIN 179
IMAGE 3
VII
MOUNT MAGEIK 181
TRIDENT VOLCANO AND ITS DOMES 182
SOUTHWEST TRIDENT (ERUPTION OF 1953-74) 184
MOUNT KATMAI 186
SNOWY MOUNTAIN 188
MOUNT GRIGGS 188
OTHER VOLCANOES BEHIND THE VOLCANIC FRONT 190
PRESENT-DAY MAGMA DISTRIBUTION? 190
TYPICALLY SMALL MAGMA BATCHES 191
CHAPTER 13, 1912 MAGMA COMPOSITIONS AND PREEMPTIVE STORAGE 193
1912 BULK COMPOSITIONS 193
MAJOR ELEMENTS 193
TRACE ELEMENTS 196
AFFINITIES TO NEARBY VOLCANOES 196
VOLATILE COMPOSITIONS 203
MINERALOGY OF 1912 PRODUCTS 203
ISOTOPE RATIOS 205
EXPERIMENTAL PETROLOGY 210
PREERUPTIVE MAGMA STORAGE AND SYNERUPTIVE TRANSPORT 211
PLAUSIBLE STORAGE SITES OF 1912 MAGMAS 212
NO PREERUPTIVE MAGMA STORAGE BENEATH NOVARUPTA 213
DATA BEARING UPON MODELS OF THE 1912 PLUMBING SYSTEM 214
ORIGIN OF THE RHYOLITE MAGMA 216
ALTERNATIVES TO A ZONED RESERVOIR? 217
TWO CHAMBERS? 217
A NEW MAGMA BATCH FROM DEPTH? 218
ROOF-ZONE REMELTING? 218
1912 MAGMA STORAGE MODEL 219
CHAPTER 14. COMPARISONS WITH OTHER HISTORIC ERUPTIONS 221
CHAPTER 15. RETROSPECTIVE: EVOLUTION OF IDEAS ABOUT THE 1912 ERUPTION
225
ADVANCES IN VOLCANOLOGY AND PROGRESS IN UNDERSTANDING THE 1912 ERUPTION
227
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 231
REFERENCES 233
APPENDIX A. MAJOR-ELEMENT CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF ERUPTIVE PRODUCTS,
NOVARUPTA 1912 246
APPENDIX B. TRACE-ELEMENT CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF ERUPTIVE PRODUCTS,
NOVARUPTA 1912 252
APPENDIX C. TRACE-ELEMENT ANALYSES OF 1912 ERUPTIVE PRODUCTS BY
INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS (INAA) 258
FIGURES
1. MAP OF ALASKA AND ADJACENT NORTH AMERICA, SHOWING LOCATION OF
NOVARUPTA, SEVERAL GEOGRAPHIC NAMES MENTIONED IN TEXT, AND REGION
IMPACTED BY ASHFALL WITHIN A FEW DAYS AFTER 1912 ERUPTION 5
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| id | DE-604.BV040762809 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:33:23Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781411333802 |
| language | English |
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| series2 | Professional paper / Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey |
| spelling | Hildreth, Wes Verfasser aut The Novarupta-Katmai eruption of 1912 - largest eruption of the twentieth century centennial perspectives Washington, DC United States Gov. Print. Off. 2012 259 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Professional paper / Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey 1791 Geschichte 1912 gnd rswk-swf Eruption (DE-588)4138666-8 gnd rswk-swf Vulkanismus (DE-588)4064081-4 gnd rswk-swf Alaska (DE-588)4001016-8 gnd rswk-swf Katmai National Park and Preserve (DE-588)4646111-5 gnd rswk-swf Alaska (DE-588)4001016-8 g Katmai National Park and Preserve (DE-588)4646111-5 g Vulkanismus (DE-588)4064081-4 s Eruption (DE-588)4138666-8 s Geschichte 1912 z DE-604 Fierstein, Judy Verfasser aut Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey Professional paper 1791 (DE-604)BV000005472 1791 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025741348&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hildreth, Wes Fierstein, Judy The Novarupta-Katmai eruption of 1912 - largest eruption of the twentieth century centennial perspectives Eruption (DE-588)4138666-8 gnd Vulkanismus (DE-588)4064081-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4138666-8 (DE-588)4064081-4 (DE-588)4001016-8 (DE-588)4646111-5 |
| title | The Novarupta-Katmai eruption of 1912 - largest eruption of the twentieth century centennial perspectives |
| title_auth | The Novarupta-Katmai eruption of 1912 - largest eruption of the twentieth century centennial perspectives |
| title_exact_search | The Novarupta-Katmai eruption of 1912 - largest eruption of the twentieth century centennial perspectives |
| title_full | The Novarupta-Katmai eruption of 1912 - largest eruption of the twentieth century centennial perspectives |
| title_fullStr | The Novarupta-Katmai eruption of 1912 - largest eruption of the twentieth century centennial perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Novarupta-Katmai eruption of 1912 - largest eruption of the twentieth century centennial perspectives |
| title_short | The Novarupta-Katmai eruption of 1912 - largest eruption of the twentieth century |
| title_sort | the novarupta katmai eruption of 1912 largest eruption of the twentieth century centennial perspectives |
| title_sub | centennial perspectives |
| topic | Eruption (DE-588)4138666-8 gnd Vulkanismus (DE-588)4064081-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Eruption Vulkanismus Alaska Katmai National Park and Preserve |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025741348&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000005472 |
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