Services liberalization in the EU and the WTO: concepts, standards and regulatory approaches
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Cambridge Univ. Press
2015
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Cambridge studies in European law and policy
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXXVIII, 318 S. |
| ISBN: | 9781107034594 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Services Liberalization in the EU and the WTO
Both in WTO law and EU law there is a dichotomy between
liberalization based on market access and targeting domestic
regulation. Consequently, both regimes share the problem of
distinguishing national measures impairing market access and those
that do not have such effect. Looking at the provision of services, a
cornerstone of EU substantive law, in the EU and the WTO, this book
offers a comprehensive evaluation of the current legal status quo on
transnational services provision at a global level. Based on thorough
analysis of both EU and WTO law, policymakers are provided with
concrete proposals for fostering the consistency and effectiveness
of tire current regime. A final chapter discusses possible aqrproach.es
to regulation such as home state rule, host state rule and mutual
recognition from a comparative perspective. Written by a highly
respected author, this is essential reading for EU internal market
specialists and WTO law scholars alike.
Contents
Series editors’ preface page x v
Preface xvii
Table of case law xix
Table of m ater ials
JxrfcrodtictioM
1 WTO law on services: a starter kit 9
1.1 Introduction 9
1.2 Status of negotiations under the GATS 11
1.3 The architecture of the GATS 13
1.3.1 General obligations and specific
commitments 13
1.3.2 Reference papers, annexes and
disciplines 15
1.4 Scope of application of the GATS 18
1.4.1 Substantive coverage 18
1.4.2 Sectoral coverage 19
1.4.3 The modes of supply covered 20
1.5 The Most Favoured Nation principle 24
1.6 Specific commitments 25
1.6.1 Scheduling 25
1.6.2 Market access 27
1.6.3 National treatment 29
1.6.4 Conclusion 32
1.7 Exemptions from the GATS 32
1.7.1 GeneraI exemptions 32
1.7.2 Exemptions from MFM 35
1.8 Dome stl.c reg ulati on 36
1.8.1 The background 36
VII
viii
CONTENTS
1.8.2 Article VI GATS
1.8.3 The relation to specific commitments
1.8.3.1 The interplay between 1market access
and national treatment under the GATT
1.8.3.2 The interplay of domestic regulation
with national treatment and market
access under the GATS
1.8.4 Disciplines on domestic regulation
1.9 The effect of WTO law in national law
1.10 Conclusion
2 The relationship between the EU and the
WTO: differentiation and participation
2.1 Introduction
2.2 ‘Constitutional* differences between the EU
and the WTO
2.2.1 Taw-making*
2.2.2 Adj udicatio n ’
2.2.3 Effect in national law
2.3 The prerequisites and modalities of the
participation of the EU in the WTO
2.3.1 Introduction
2.3.2 The EU and WTO derogations for regional
trade agreements
2.3.3 EU competence and representation
2.3.4 EU commitments
2.4 A structural divide: competition law
2.5 Conclusion
3 EU primary law on services: fundamentals
and delimitations (with Kathrin Blanclc-Putz)
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Fundamentals
3.2.1 The regulatory standard and
establishments
3.2.2 The regulatory standard with services
3.2.3 Some specifics on companies
3.2.4 Constitutive elements
3.2.4.1 Introduction
3.2.4.2 Inter-state element
3.2.4.3 Economic activity/remuneration
3.2.4.4 Permanence /duration
3.3 The justification regime
3.3.1 Introduction
3.3.2 General (treaty-based) justifications
3.3.3 Specific (case law-based) justifications
37
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39
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CONTENTS
іх
3.3.4 Convergence of the justification regime 94
3.3.5 Proportionality 95
3.3.6 The test of equivalence 98
3.4 Relationship with the other freedoms 101
3.4.1 Introduction 101
3.4.2 Services and establishments 102
3.4.3 Goods and services 104
3.4.4 Services and capital 108
3.5 Public services 109
3.5.1 Introduction 109
3.5.2 Services in official authority 110
3.5.3 Services of general economic interest 112
3.5.3Л introduction 112
3.5.3.2 The basic rule for the conferral of
special or exclusive rights 113
3.5.3.3 The exception for public ser vices 114
3.5.3.4 The exception from the exception and
the Altmark criteria 117
3.6 Conclusion 1.21
Decowàstrti.ctixàg; JSU law oia services aiMdl
establishments
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Some initial thoughts on deconstructing the
regulatory standards
4.2.1 Discriminatory measures and restrictions
4.2.2 Market access and domestic regulation
4.3 The trouble with Keck
4.3.1 Introduction
4.3.2 The double rule exception in Keck and
Gourmet
4.3.3 Which regulatory standard does Keck
represent?
4.4 The market access-domestic regulation
dichotomy in EU services law
4.4.1 The application of Keck to services
4.4.2 Recital 9 Services Directive
4.4.3 Other distinctions between market access
and domestic regulation in EU law
4.4.4 Conclusion
4.5 Do the fundamental freedoms have a blind
spot’?
4.6 The fault-lines of the debate on discximinadon
in EU (services) law
122s
122
123
123
126
127
127
128
130
132
132
135
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138
і Q O
142
CONTENTS
4.6.1 Introduction 142
4.6.2 Distinctly and indistinctly applicable
measures 143
4.6.3 One-step or two-step review of
discrimination? 145
4.6.4 Indirect discrimination 146
4.6.5 The justification regime 148
4.7 Conclusion 151
5 Variatio delectat? Different regulatory
approaches for different services
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Minimum coordination: posting of workers
5.3 Mutual recognition: professional qualifications
5.4 ‘Hybrid negative harmonization’: the
Services Directive
5.4.1 Regulatory approach
5.4.2 Regulatory nature
5.5 Soft law and case law: services of general
economic interest
5.6 Conclusion
6 The Services Directive: innovation and
fragmentation 174
6.1 Introduction 174
6.2 Scope of application 176
6.2.1 Introduction 176
6.2.2 Key concepts 176
6.2.3 Sectoral coverage 178
6.2.4 Exemptions from the scope of
application 179
6.2.5 The partial exemption of services of
general economic interest 181
6.3 The rules on established service providers 184
6.3.1 Blacklisted national measures 184
6.3.2 Restrictions 185
6.3.2.1 introduction 185
6.3,2,2 Requirements 185
6.3,2.3 Authorizations 186
6.3.3 Justification 187
6.3.4 Conclusion 189
6.4 The rules on services 189
6.4.1 Introduction 189
153
153
154
158
161
161
163
166
172
CONTENTS
6.4.2 The freedom to provide services in
Article 16(1)
6Л.2.1 The wording of Article 16(1 ) and the
relevance of Article 16(3)
6.4.2.2 The justifications regime under
Article 16
6 A,2.3 The limited relevance of Article 16(1)
6Л.2Л The legality of Article 16(1)
6.4.3 The Article 16(2) blacklist
6.4.4 Safety measures under Article 18
6.4.5 Conclusion
6.5 The bigger picture on rules on services and
establishments under the Services Directive
6.6 Screening
6.6.1 Introduction
6.6.2 Requirements and safety measures
6.6.3 The potential of screening
6.7 Quality of services
6.0 Administrative provisions
6.8.1 Introduction
6.0.2 Information and administration
6.8.3 Mutual assistance, cooperation and
supervision
6.9 Fragmentation/relation to other secondary law
6.9.1 Introduction
6.9.2 The relationship between Article 3 and
Article 17 Services Directive
6.10 Conclusion
The implementation of the Services Directive:
a Herculean effort with poor results? (with
Georg Adler)
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Requirements of the Services Directive from
an implementation perspective
7.2.1 Introd uctio n
7.2.2 Points of single contact
7.2.3 Applicability to purely internal situations
7.2.4 Tacit authorization
7.2.5 Article 16 Services Directive
7.3 Tin.pi emeu cation in German.ry
7.3.1 Introduc tio n
7.3.2 Points of single contact
7.3.3 Tacit authorization
xi
191
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230
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231
233
ХІІ CONTENTS
7.3.4 Article 16 Services Directive 234
7.4 Implementation in Austria 235
7.4.1 Introduction 235
7.4.2 Points of single contact 237
7.4.3 Tacit authorization 239
7.4.4 Article 16 Services Directive 240
7.5 A comparative new of the implementation
of Article 16 241
7.6 Conclusion 243
8 Principles of services law in the EU and the
WTO: comparing the comparable 245
8.1 Introduction 245
8.2 The sectoral and horizontal approaches
compared 247
8.3 Exemptions compared 250
8.4 Home state rule and host state rule 254
8.4.1 Home state rule 254
8.4.2 Host state rule 256
8.5 Mutual recognition as the missing link 258
8.5.1 Introduction 258
8.5.2 Mutual recognition in the GATS and the
EU Treaty 259
8.5.3 The nature of mutual recognition 260
8.5.4 The relationship between mutual
recognition and harmonization 262
8.6 Market access 264
8.6.1 Introduction 264
8.6.2 Form and effect in EU and WTO law 265
8.6.3 A comparative view of US-Gambling 267
8.6.4 Conclusion 269
8.7 Non-discrimination 270
8.7.1 Introduction 270
8.7.2 Likeness and the tertium comparationis 271
8.7.3 Direct and covert discrimination 274
8.7.4 Indirect discrimination and de facto
discrimination 276
8.7.5 Conclusion: what test for which form of
discrimination? 278
8.8 Differential regulation and double burdens 279
8.8.1 Introduction 279
8.8.2 Double burdens 280
8.8.3 Differential regulation 283
8.9 Conclusion 285
CONTENTS Xiii
9 Qtio vaditl Conclusions and recommendations 288
References 291
Index 308
|
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| title | Services liberalization in the EU and the WTO concepts, standards and regulatory approaches |
| title_auth | Services liberalization in the EU and the WTO concepts, standards and regulatory approaches |
| title_exact_search | Services liberalization in the EU and the WTO concepts, standards and regulatory approaches |
| title_full | Services liberalization in the EU and the WTO concepts, standards and regulatory approaches Marcus Klamert |
| title_fullStr | Services liberalization in the EU and the WTO concepts, standards and regulatory approaches Marcus Klamert |
| title_full_unstemmed | Services liberalization in the EU and the WTO concepts, standards and regulatory approaches Marcus Klamert |
| title_short | Services liberalization in the EU and the WTO |
| title_sort | services liberalization in the eu and the wto concepts standards and regulatory approaches |
| title_sub | concepts, standards and regulatory approaches |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Dienstleistungssektor (DE-588)4012183-5 gnd Außenhandelsrecht (DE-588)4137393-5 gnd |
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