Z Prahy proti Titovi: jugoslávská prosovětská emigrace v Československu
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Praha
Univ. Karlova v Praze, Filozof. Fak.
2012
|
| Ausgabe: | Vyd. 1. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Varia
5 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | rezensiert in: Soudobé dějiny, 2014, 1-2, S. 224-226 Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 695 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9788073084288 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Z Prahy proti Titovi |b jugoslávská prosovětská emigrace v Československu |c Ondřej Vojtěchovský |
| 250 | |a Vyd. 1. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Praha |b Univ. Karlova v Praze, Filozof. Fak. |c 2012 | |
| 300 | |a 695 S. |b Ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Varia |v 5 | |
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1948-1989 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Jugoslawen |0 (DE-588)4028964-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804150015990431744 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Obsah
Předmluva
7
Úvod
9
Jugoslávci v Československu a Rezoluce Informačního byra
Зі
Teodor
Balk
a Lenka Reinerova
47
„Američani a další
62
Úloha KSČ
78
Klub jugoslávských novinářů
85
Akce učni
90
Země zaslíbená
110
Nova
Borba
121
Govori
Prag
137
Život v nových podmínkách
144
První potíže
150
Milunicův případ
157
Triumvirát
Nový muž z Francie
226
Ve stínu budapešťského procesu
244
Krize ve skupině
■■<·..·, ■ ■ ·· ■■■·■■
;
...■■■■.
Ž66
Balkova
kniha 285
V osidlech StB?
321
Údobí mírného vývoje
349
Po dvou kolejích
З68
Koordinační středisko 386
Ve víru velké čistky
4*6
Ve znamení velkého procesu
436
Ztráta perspektiv
5o6
Útěky do Sovětského svazu
545
Od ukončení činnosti vstříc novým nadějím 569
Závěr
607
Resumé
/
Summary
/
Rezime
622
Prameny a literatura
631
Přílohy
648
Obrazová příloha
659
Jmenný rejstřík
686
Resumé
/
Summary
/
Rezime
The book is primarily an exploration of the Yugoslav Cominform (anti-
Tito) emigrants who found refuge in Czechoslovakia. The main emphasis
throughout is on a thorough investigation of their political activities. At the
same time, the nature of the subject itself provides space for an in-depth
micro-historical analysis of the wider context and, thus, points up some sa¬
lient features of the communist dictatorship in Czechoslovakia, especially
in its initial phase. The monograph observes the actions, affairs and devel¬
opments that took place among this Yugoslav community, who can be re¬
garded as a particular organized social group or a particular unit of the com¬
munist movement, within Czechoslovakia. The book discusses the various
mechanisms used in decision-making and control, and also how the differ¬
ent issues that arose were handled. In addition, it sets out the dealings that
took place between the immigrants as a whole and the central authorities
oí
the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (the
KSČ),
the patterns of conduct
that resulted from these interactions, and the thinking of the active Yugo¬
slav Communist Party members. In the process, relations between Czech¬
oslovak communists and their foreign
protégés
are examined. Bearing
ш
mind that the Yugoslav group found itself in a new environment that in
many respects differed markedly from their own background, it is neces¬
sary to take account of diversities in outlook between the immigrant group
and their host community, and how these were influenced by pre-existing
stereotypes, as well as by the different political and cultural traditions that
came into play.
The book analyzes in detail the functioning of the party, the security
organs, and the state apparatus in their relations with the political immi¬
grants and with foreigners generally. It also looks at the legal, material and
social status of the foreigner-political immigrant in Czechoslovak society
and what possibilities and opportunities existed for adaptation and assinu-
lation
in the new environment. The distinctive characteristics of this po¬
litically exposed group of Yugoslav immigrants facilitate the depiction
oí
a somewhat natural interconnection between the themes and problems
oí
so-called high politics on the one hand and the history of everyday life on
the other. In this case, the history of elites penetrates the history from
below, and at the same time highlights the life of ordinary people against
a backdrop of significant historical events.
«**
Z PRAHY
PROTI TITOVI!
The monograph treats some important aspects of political developments
m
the early
1950s
that are relevant to the subject being researched, albeit
trom
a point of view that differs from prevailing historiography It traces
minutely the role of the Yugoslav immigration and that of the so-called
Yugoslav card in the preparation and conduct of the show trial of Rudolf
Mansky
and his associates. It also considers the nature of the relations be¬
tween individual sections within the communist regime and how such rela¬
tions were realized in practice. In addition, contacts and communications
between the
KSČ
and the Soviet authorities, or more precisely the
KSČ
and
the Cominform, are analyzed.
The phenomenon of Yugoslav Cominform anti-Tito emigration has not
been yet adequately and profoundly researched by historians from either
side of the former divide. Similarly, the question of political emigration to
Czechoslovakia in general has likewise received scarcely more than periph¬
eral attention from historians to-date. For this reason, the book is an origi¬
nal, and indeed seminal, source based primarily on research and the study
of documents that are located in both the Prague and Belgrade archives.
Yugoslav anti-Tito immigration in Czechoslovakia came into being in the
summer and autumn months of
1948.
lhe
immediate cause was the release
of the June
1948
resolution of the Cominform that denounced Tito s lead¬
ership of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia and the path that Party had
taken. As a result, Yugoslavia was expelled from the international commu¬
nist movement and from the Soviet bloc. Formalized emigrant groups were
created within the framework of the campaign that not only the USSR and
its allies but almost all communist parties launched against Tito and his
associates. Appeals and demands from Moscow met with a response from
some members of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. For example, the
resolution of the Cominform took note of those Yugoslav communists who
bad been abroad before or at the time of the resolution. Those who did not
agree with Tito s stance then looked for help either at Soviet embassies or
at the secretariats of foreign communist parties. In
Шее
manner, support¬
ers of the Cominform position fled Yugoslavia and sought refuge in other
Entries of the Soviet bloc.
j
In Prague, the organization of Yugoslav emigrants comprised former
diplomats and employees of Yugoslav institutions in Czechoslovakia as
*«H as students. Before long, however, other former diplomats and state
officials of Yugoslavia, who came to Czechoslovakia from the USA and West
European countries, took over the leadership
ofttojfjwţ-
to the autumn
tooths of
1948,
a persuasive campaignopchesttatedby the
«S^with
the
Viol— e
,
Г
.. »» _ —
I-
___
.-^«tiita·
аЖЛ ПІЛ ПМП
^P of the emigrants convinced some
Y«g©*ł
#%ing and gaini
St*·*.
-, .■ ■· ■■-■ .■■>;.·· ■· ■.·■ * ■.· ■. ·■: ■■■.
:
■
**3
SffWÉ
/
SUMMARY
/
REZIME
. .
л
f
■ .·.: · ,·
v. .^.;
,λ·>
:
■ ·:?;■:: ···. ■ ··
only a small fraction chose to remain, while the vast majority of the young
men returned to Yugoslavia as ordered by their home institutions and au¬
thorities. On the whole, by the end of
1948
the number of Yugoslav emi¬
grants in Prague consisted of approximately
160
adults and
30
children. This
total did not change significantly in the following years.
Individuals such as Slobodan
Ivanovic,
Pero
Dragila,
Milutin Rajković,
Josip Milunić, Vladimir Perić, Teodor
Balk and his Czech wife
Lenka Rein-
erová
belonged among the leading representatives of the group. However,
it can be argued that in spite of initial hopes and expectations, only sec¬
ond-rate personalities were ever won over to the cause. In fact, the
émigrés
counted only one publicly-known figure among its members, the writer
Teodor
Balk, and indeed, in his case, questions were asked by fellow-emi¬
grants about his true relations to his native country, inasmuch as he had not
been in Yugoslavia between
1929
and
1945
but had been active abroad. Then
in the summer of
1949
one of the most significant of the Yugoslav exiles
abroad, Anton Rupnik, joined his compatriots in Prague, having formerly
been with the Yugoslav emigrants in France.
Between
1948
and
1954,
the organization of Yugoslav emigrants in Prague
existed under the patronage of the Central Committee of the
KSČ.
In addition,
since
1951,
issues and affairs concerning the Yugoslavs in Czechoslovakia
were part of the brief of the Head of the so-termed International Department,
Bedřich
Geminder, a long-time member of the Secretariat of the Comintern
in Moscow. Nonetheless, it should be borne in mind that the activities of the
group were not only subordinate to the
KSČ.
They were also under the con¬
trol of the Secretariat of the Commform, located in Bucharest, and, until
1951»
likewise of the Yugoslav united political emigration in Moscow.
Over the years, the group of Yugoslav immigrants in Czechoslovakia ex¬
perienced more than once a change in its organizational form and structure.
Officially, it was managed by a committee of the Yugoslav party organiza¬
tion directly connected to the Central Committee of the
KSČ.
However,^
must be remembered that the editorial board of the journal Nova
Borba
(New Struggle), which was published in the country from September
1948
was no less important.
The main activity of the Yugoslav emigrant group in Czechoslovakia was
the production and dissemination of propaganda against the Tito
regime-
The
journal Nova
Borba,
for example, was aimed not only at Yugoslav com¬
munities abroad, particularly in the West, but was also smuggled into
tne
homeland to be illegally distributed there. The exiles also published bro¬
chures and leaflets, In
195i;
a youth magazine, entitled
Mladi
revolucio¬
nar
(The Young Revolutionary), was established. Emigrants were likewise
giveabroadcastiag post&to Czechoslovak Radio to fulfill the same
Щи0*·
aib
rrefare
cadres to take up leadiogP0
«Имай
in their homeland after the expected fall of the Tito regime. Both the
political and practical aspects of these roles in-waiting were learnt. In addi¬
tion, a number of suitable candidates enrolled at Czechoslovak universities.
Indeed the whole enterprise was embarked on with the utmost gravity as it
had been decided that the groundwork of a new Communist Party of Yugo¬
slavia would come from the emigrant community.
Of course, conflicts also existed among the Yugoslav political immigrants
in Czechoslovakia themselves. One of the main questions on their agenda
was whether they should or should not join in the building of socialism in
the host country,
lhe
attitude of the
KSČ,
by and large, was that the exile
community should become part and parcel of the mainstream workforce,
«is was prompted by both practical and ideological reasons. Firstly, the
very fact of having a job would reduce dependence on material handouts
from the Czechoslovak side. Secondly, it was believed, that being involved
Ш
the production process would help these people to get rid of deleterious
fctoist habits and adopt the practices of Czechoslovak communists.
On the whole, it can be argued that the views of the exiles in this re-
Sard fell into two opposing camps. The activist group maintained that only
propaganda and preparations for combat operations (i.e., sabotage resist¬
ance actions, guerilla warfare) were meaningful and useful,
lhe
rival
fae¬
ton,
in contrast, put its main emphasis on the building of socialism and
devoted its energies to preparations for the time when victory came in their
homeland. They put forward the internationalist point of view, according
to which building socialism in Czechoslovakia was of the same importance
aad value for the worldwide communist movement as a direct armed strug¬
gle against Tito. In the latter case, they believed that, for the time being at
^У
rate, conditions were not ripe for Tito s overthrow.
It was this dispute that led to a lengthy crisis within the emigrant group
& 1949·
Under the influence
óf
the internecine strife that erupted within
*ke international communist movement and the spymania that was rife
at the time, uncompromising factional conflict broke out. In
1949,
for in¬
stance, suspicion and dissension
léd
to the political disqualification of
Josip
Mftinić,
who, as a result, found himself disbarredfrom the group forayear
Щ
a half. Then, at the end of the same year»
anőte
strug
gli
developed,
tìas
time between the coterie centered around
lhe
ШогіаІ
board of Nova
^b led by Slobodan
ívanovié,
and
tíü
party
coinœitti
е,
Ы
by
Anton
and Lenka Reínerová.
1ће
disfttté
was
АЈвфШШ
Щ Ше
fabricated
place in Hungary
Ш ВШрШ
ih
*btóhlöf
-ranking
patty
Teodor
Balk s book, The Lost Manuscript. The
Ivanovic
faction accused
the author of spreading cosmopolitism and
anti-
Soviet slanders. A partial
cessation of hostilities came only in
1951.
Following Moscow s intervention,
Slobodan
Ivanovic
and his followers lost their positions. Subsequently,
Teo¬
dor
Balk and
Lenka Reinerová
shared the same fate.
Josip Milunić
was re¬
habilitated from the political wilderness and joined Anton Rupnik in the
leadership of the exile party organization. In addition, he took up the reins
of editor-in-chief of Nova
Borba.
Throughout
1952,
the activities of the Yugoslav emigrant group in Czech¬
oslovakia were paralyzed because of preparations for the show trial of top-
ranking functionaries within the
KSČ,
headed by Rudolf
Slánský.
Despite the
fact that none of the leading figures within the emigrant organization (with
the exception of the Czech-born
Lenka Reinerová)
was arrested, the cam¬
paign to unmask spies and internal enemies led to a loss of credibility and
trustworthiness. Later, in the spring of
1953,
younger emigrants, students
and former apprentices, took up positions in the party committee. However,
this was in the period of the last phase of the Soviet-Yugoslav dispute. After
Stalin s death, relations between Moscow and Belgrade gradually started to
normalize. In line with this new policy, the activities of the anti-Tito emi¬
grant organizations in the countries of the Soviet bloc were terminated.
The development in Soviet-Yugoslav relations strongly affected the Prague
emigrant group. The radical stream around Slobodan
Ivanovic
responded to
the new state of affairs by making a number of unsuccessful attempts to flee
to the Soviet Union. Some of them did in fact move to the USSR legally in
the second half of the
1950s.
Against this, a number of the exiles decided to
return to their homeland after
1955.
The majority of the Yugoslav emigrants,
however, settled in Czechoslovakia permanently. There were various factors
that militated against repatriation, for example personal bonds in the new
environment, career possibilities, existential and material security, institu¬
tional obstacles both on the Yugoslav and the Czechoslovak side, etc. At the
same time, some emigrants who identified themselves with the Commform
movement were reluctant to return to their homeland for ideological reasons
and continued to maintain an ongoing critical stance towards the Yugoslav
regime. Some indeed hoped that political developments would in time help
Yugoslavia to return to the socialist bloc from which she had been expelled.
From
1958,
and particularly in the
1960s,
various attempts were made
to renew Yugoslav exile activities. In most cases, the impulse for this cam
from those emigrants who lived in the USSR, with the leader of the Pr^e
emigrant group, Slobodan
Ivanovic,
who aspired to becoming head of
tu
entire movement, also playing a part. In the case of Czechoslovakia, it was
mainly personalities such as
Josip Milunić
and
Pero
Dragila who were
e«í
to carry on the political activities of the emigrant group. However* W®*
jfcmpte
to attract supporters were only partially successful, although the
»net intervention against the Prague Spring in
1968
did revive hopes of
seramg the Yugoslav question by an internationalist solution.
ше
final part of the book goes onto outline the development of the
Com¬
bom
movement in the
1970s
as well as the activities of the Prague group
ЄІШ-
Rad se
bavi grupom
jugoslovenskih informbiroovskih
(antítitovskih)
^ш
йа?*8
·
SU
^ΐίνηο
delovali u Čehoslovačkoj.
Osnovnu liniju
rada pred-
s
Ща
analiza njihovog političkog delovanja. Istovremeno, ova tema je po¬
bila prostor za mikroistorijsku studiju koja opisuje višestruke aspekte
lutature
komunističke partije u Čehoslovačkoj, naročito njenu ranu fazu.
etaljno se bavi dešavanjima među jugoslovenskim emigrantima, kao vr-
on* komunističke partijske organizacije; prati mehanizme donošenja od-
RPi*
*
^^^l^fa odnose između emigrantske grupe i centralnih organa
^
obrasce ponašanja i mišljenja aktivnih članova i partijskih funkci-
aera; odnose između čehoslovačkih komunista i njihovih štićenika iz inos-
anstva. Kroz
kontrastnú
situaciju sudara emigrantske grupe i različitog
tíľf^*enJa, bilo
je moguće oslikati raznolikost mentaliteta, stereotipa, poli-
ackih i kulturnih tradicija.
.
Rad detaljno analizira funkcionisanje partijskog, bezbedonosnog i dr¬
evnog aparata u odnosu prema političkim emigrantima i strancima uopšte;
Ptice se takođe pravnog, materijalnog i socijalnog statusa stranca
-
politič-
Щ
emigranta u čehoslovačkom društvu uopšte, te mogućnosti adaptacije
tanaca
u češkoj sredini. Specifičnosti politički eksponirane grupe jugoslo-
Venskih emigranata omogućavaju prirodno preplitanje teme tzv. visoke po-
йЩсе
i pogleda ispod lupe svakodnevnog života. U ovoj temi se tako istorija
«ita
prepliće
s
istorijom odozdo , onom koja posmatra život običnih ljudi
Pozadini velikih istorijskih dešavanja.
Za razliku od dosadašnje istoriografije, rad iz drugačijeg uglaistražuje
ne*e aspekte političkog razvoja ranih pedesetih godina. Veoma detaljno
objašnjava ulogu jugoslovenske emigracije i
antiütovske
kampanje u pri-
Ргеші і
toku procesa
Rudolfu
Slanskom.
ї>М»^.Ф*^Р?*^і-Ряікаг
^°g nivoa odnosa između pojedinačnih
dejová
režin^kcroanistič^ partije.
se još i odnosimaukomunika©|i
:ттЏ
KPÊ
isovjetstób
organa vlasti,
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Vojtěchovský, Ondřej 1977- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1089876289 |
| author_facet | Vojtěchovský, Ondřej 1977- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Vojtěchovský, Ondřej 1977- |
| author_variant | o v ov |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040709699 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)828790546 (DE-599)BVBBV040709699 |
| edition | Vyd. 1. |
| era | Geschichte 1948-1989 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1948-1989 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Jugoslawien (DE-588)4028966-7 gnd Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Jugoslawien Tschechoslowakei |
| id | DE-604.BV040709699 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:32:13Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788073084288 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025690056 |
| oclc_num | 828790546 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 695 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Univ. Karlova v Praze, Filozof. Fak. |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Varia |
| series2 | Varia |
| spelling | Vojtěchovský, Ondřej 1977- Verfasser (DE-588)1089876289 aut Z Prahy proti Titovi jugoslávská prosovětská emigrace v Československu Ondřej Vojtěchovský Vyd. 1. Praha Univ. Karlova v Praze, Filozof. Fak. 2012 695 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Varia 5 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1948-1989 gnd rswk-swf Jugoslawen (DE-588)4028964-3 gnd rswk-swf Politischer Flüchtling (DE-588)4175042-1 gnd rswk-swf Opposition (DE-588)4043649-4 gnd rswk-swf Jugoslawien (DE-588)4028966-7 gnd rswk-swf Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 gnd rswk-swf Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 g Jugoslawen (DE-588)4028964-3 s Politischer Flüchtling (DE-588)4175042-1 s Geschichte 1948-1989 z DE-604 Jugoslawien (DE-588)4028966-7 g Opposition (DE-588)4043649-4 s Varia 5 (DE-604)BV040709672 5 https://www.recensio.net/r/dc23353eb0b0405cb7bd33c5e6b76859 rezensiert in: Soudobé dějiny, 2014, 1-2, S. 224-226 Rezension Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025690056&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025690056&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Vojtěchovský, Ondřej 1977- Z Prahy proti Titovi jugoslávská prosovětská emigrace v Československu Varia Jugoslawen (DE-588)4028964-3 gnd Politischer Flüchtling (DE-588)4175042-1 gnd Opposition (DE-588)4043649-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4028964-3 (DE-588)4175042-1 (DE-588)4043649-4 (DE-588)4028966-7 (DE-588)4078435-6 |
| title | Z Prahy proti Titovi jugoslávská prosovětská emigrace v Československu |
| title_auth | Z Prahy proti Titovi jugoslávská prosovětská emigrace v Československu |
| title_exact_search | Z Prahy proti Titovi jugoslávská prosovětská emigrace v Československu |
| title_full | Z Prahy proti Titovi jugoslávská prosovětská emigrace v Československu Ondřej Vojtěchovský |
| title_fullStr | Z Prahy proti Titovi jugoslávská prosovětská emigrace v Československu Ondřej Vojtěchovský |
| title_full_unstemmed | Z Prahy proti Titovi jugoslávská prosovětská emigrace v Československu Ondřej Vojtěchovský |
| title_short | Z Prahy proti Titovi |
| title_sort | z prahy proti titovi jugoslavska prosovetska emigrace v ceskoslovensku |
| title_sub | jugoslávská prosovětská emigrace v Československu |
| topic | Jugoslawen (DE-588)4028964-3 gnd Politischer Flüchtling (DE-588)4175042-1 gnd Opposition (DE-588)4043649-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Jugoslawen Politischer Flüchtling Opposition Jugoslawien Tschechoslowakei |
| url | https://www.recensio.net/r/dc23353eb0b0405cb7bd33c5e6b76859 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025690056&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025690056&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV040709672 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vojtechovskyondrej zprahyprotititovijugoslavskaprosovetskaemigracevceskoslovensku |