Soils and food security:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Royal Soc. of Chemistry
2012
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Issues in environmental science and technology
35 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 231 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804149985782005760 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Soils and food security
Autor: Hester, R. E
Jahr: 2012
Contents
Editors xiii
List of Contributors xv
Soils and Food Security: Challenges and Opportunities 1
Peter J. Gregory
Abstract 1
1 The Role of Soils in Food Security 2
2 Key Soil Constraints to Crop and Fodder Production 4
2.1 Soil pH 5
2.2 Saline and Sodic Soils 6
2.3 Soil Strength and Structure 8
3 Contributions to Recent Increases in Crop Production 10
4 Opportunities for Sustainable Increases of Yield 13
4.1 Improved Efficiency of Resource Use 16
4.1.1 Nutrients 16
4.1.2 Water 18
4.1.3 Nutrient-Water Interactions 20
4.2 Improved Tillage 21
4.3 Improving Root Systems 22
5 Concluding Remarks 24
References 25
Global Soils: Preserving the Capacity for Food Production 31
Luca Montanarella
Abstract 31
1 Introduction 32
Issues in Environmental Science and Technology No. 35
Soils and Food Security
Edited by R.E. Hester and R.M. Harrison
© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, www.rsc.org
vii
viii Contents
2 Global Distribution of Soil Resources versus Food
Production 33
3 Towards Global Governance of Soil Resources 34
4 Towards Zero Net Soil Degradation 38
5 Conclusions 39
References 39
Soil Natural Capital and Ecosystem Service Delivery in a World of Global
Soil Change 41
David A. Robinson, Bridget A. Emmett, Brian Reynolds, Ed C. Rowe, Dave
Spurgeon, Aidan M. Keith, Inma Lebron and Neal Hockley
Abstract 41
1 Overview of Soil Ecosystem Services 42
1.1 Nature s Services 42
1.2 Review of the Ecosystems Approach 43
1.2.1 Ecosystem Goods and Services 44
1.2.2 Natural Capital 46
1.3 Soil Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services 46
1.4 Stock-and-flow Ecosystem Service Framework for Soils 48
2 Drivers of Global Soil Change 49
2.1 Direct Drivers of Soil Change 50
2.1.1 Physical and Biogeochemical Soil Change as a Result of
Food Production 50
2.1.2 Artificial Soil Sealing by Man-made Infrastructure 53
2.2 Indirect Drivers of Soil Change 53
2.2.1 Changes in the Atmosphere 53
2.2.2 Changes in the Hydrosphere 54
2.2.3 Changes to the Lithosphere 54
2.2.4 Changes to the Biosphere 54
2.3 Mapping Global Soil Change 55
3 National Soil Change, the Countryside Survey of Great Britain 56
3.1 Carbon 57
3.2 pH 57
3.3 Nitrogen 59
3.4 Metals 60
3.5 Biodiversity 61
4 Approaches to Ecosystem Service Valuation 63
Acknowledgements 63
References 64
Contents ix
The Evaluation and Reporting of Soils in Sustainable Agriculture and Food
Systems 69
Alfred E. Hartemink, Amanda L. Raster and Molly M. Jahn
Abstract 69
1 Introduction 70
2 Measurement Tools 72
2.1 Field to Market Initiative for Sustainable Agriculture 72
2.2 Stewardship Index for Specialty Crops 73
2.3 Cool Farm Tool 73
3 Sustainability Schemes in the USA 74
3.1 California Almond Board Sustainability Program 74
3.2 Council on Sustainable Biomass Production Draft Provisional
Standard for Sustainable Production of Agricultural Biomass 75
3.3 Demeter Biodynamic Farm Standard 76
3.4 Food Alliance Whole Farm/Ranch Inspection Tool 76
3.5 Wisconsin Vegetable Sustainability Standards/Healthy Farms
Whole Farm Self-Assessment 77
3.6 Lodi Rules for Sustainable Winegrowing 77
3.7 USDA National Organic Program 78
3.8 Central Coast Vineyard Sustainability in Practice Certification
Program 78
4 Global Sustainability Schemes 79
4.1 Basel Criteria for Responsible Soy Production 79
4.2 Better Cotton Initiative 81
4.3 European Integrated Farming Framework 81
4.4 European Union Organic Production and Labelling of Organic
Products 82
4.5 Generic Fairtrade Standards for Small Producers
Organisations 82
4.6 GlobalG.A.P. Standards 83
4.7 IFOAM Norms for Organic Production and Processing 83
4.8 LEAF Marque Global Standard 84
4.9 RTRS Standard for Responsible Soy Production 85
4.10 RSB Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Biofuel
Production 85
4.11 RSPO Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Palm OU
Production 86
4.12 SAN Sustainable Agriculture Standard 86
5 Discussion and Conclusions 88
References 90
x Contents
Agrobiodiversity and Potential Use for Enhancing Soil Health in Tropica!
Soils of Africa 94
Fredrick O. Ayuke, Nancy K. Karanja, Julius J. Okello, Peter M. Wachira,
Gerald K. Mutua, David K. Lelei and Charles K. K. Gachene
Abstract 94
1 Introduction 95
2 Description of Soils in Sub-Saharan Africa 95
3 Land Degradation in Cropping Systems 97
4 Soil Biology: Role of Soil Biodiversity and Functions (Ecosystem
Services) 106
5 Case Studies: Effect of Management and/or Land Use Intensification 108
5.1 Soil Carbon as Fuel for Soil Organisms 108
5.2 Soil Macrofauna in Tropical Agroecosystems 110
5.3 Mesofauna 112
5.4 Beneficial Microorganisms: Soil Fertility Promoters, Plant
Growth Regulators and Biocontrols 113
5.4.1 Legume Nodulating Rhizobia (LNB) 113
5.4.2 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) 114
5.4.3 Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) 116
5.4.4 Trichoderma 116
5.4.5 Bacillus subtilis 117
5.4.6 Nematode-destroying Fungi 119
5.5 Farming Systems and Soil-borne Pests and Diseases 121
6 Mitigation of Soil Degradation through Integrated Soil
Fertility Management (ISFM) Approaches: Sustainable Soil-
management Practices/Systems 123
7 Biodiversity of Tropical Soils: Socioeconomic,
Institutional and Policy Issues 123
7.1 Approaches to Soil Conservation: A Historical Perspective 124
7.2 Drivers of Farmers Use of Sustainable Soil Conservation
Practices 126
8 Synthesis 126
References 127
Organic Matter Availability and Management in the Context of Integrated
Soil Fertility Management in sub-Saharan Africa 135
B. Vanlauwe
Abstract 135
1 Introduction 136
2 Organic Matter in Relation to Paradigm Shifts in
Tropical Soil Fertility Management 137
3 Availability and Quality of Organic Resources in
African Farming Systems 141
Contents xi
3.1 The Organic Resource Quality Concept 141
3.2 Availability and Production of Organic Resources in African
Farming Systems 142
4 Organic Matter Production and Use in the Context of
ISFM 144
4.1 Organic Matter Production through ISFM 145
4.2 Interactions between Organic Matter and Fertiliser 145
4.3 Organic Matter and Local Adaptation 148
4.4 Organic Matter and Rehabilitation of
Non-responsive Soils 151
5 Soil Organic Matter Status and Quality as Affected by
ISFM 152
6 Conclusions 154
Acknowledgments 155
References 155
Climate Change and Forest Dynamics: A Soils Perspective 158
Wendy Peterman and Dominique Bachelet
Abstract 158
1 Introduction 159
2 Projected Trends in Climate Change 160
2.1 General Climate Trends 160
3 Changes in Forest Dynamics 161
3.1 Introduction 161
3.1.1 Tropical Peat Swamp Forests 162
3.1.2 Tropical Rainforests 163
3.1.3 Temperate Forests 164
3.1.4 Alpine Forests 166
3.2 Hydrologie Responses 166
3.3 Carbon Responses 167
3.4 Nitrogen Responses 168
4 Food Security Implications of Forest and Soil
Responses to Global Change 170
4.1 Anthropogenic Soil Degradation 170
4.1.1 Mechanisms of Soil Degradation 171
4.1.2 Soil Degradation Implications for Soil Carbon and
Nitrogen 171
4.1.3 Repairing Soil Degradation 172
4.1.4 The Agroforestry Alternative 172
5 Soil Characteristics as Tools for Adaptive Management 172
References 173
xü Contents
Plant Nutrients 183
David A. C. Manning
Abstract 183
1 Introduction 184
1.1 Geological Sources of Plant Nutrients 184
1.2 Minerals in Plants 185
2 Availability of P and K Fertilisers: Supply, Demand and Price 187
3 Nutrient Audits and Fertiliser Use Statistics - Evidence
of Need 190
4 Projections of Need to Support a Growing World
Population 191
5 Mineral Dissolution Rates in the Soil System 192
6 Possible Alternatives to Conventional Fertiliser
Products 194
7 Conclusions 196
References 196
Soil Physical Degradation: Threats and Opportunities to Food Security 198
Paul D. Hallett, Kenneth W. Loades and Julia Krümmelbein
Abstract 198
1 Introduction 199
2 Forms and Extent of Soil Physical Degradation 201
2.1 Soil Compaction 201
2.1.1 Extent of Compaction 203
2.2 Soil Erosion 205
2.2.1 Extent of Erosion 206
2.3 Seedbed Instability 207
2.3.1 Extent of Seedbed Damage 208
3 Measuring Soil Physical Constraints 209
4 Soil Physical Restoration and Food Security 211
4.1 Soil Cultivation 212
4.1.1 Subsoiling 212
4.1.2 Shift to Lower Input Systems 212
4.2 Biological Tillage 214
4.3 Vegetation and Root Reinforcement 214
4.4 New Technologies 215
4.5 Carbon 216
5 Case Study 1 - Soil Restoration in the Loess Plateau, China 217
6 Case Study 2 - Recultivated Mine Soils, Eastern
Germany (Lusatia) 218
7 Conclusions 220
References 221
Subject Index 227
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| spelling | Soils and food security ed.: R. E. Hester and R. M. Harrison Cambridge Royal Soc. of Chemistry 2012 XVII, 231 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Issues in environmental science and technology 35 Soils / Quality Food security Bodenfruchtbarkeit (DE-588)4007369-5 gnd rswk-swf Ernährungssicherung (DE-588)4152826-8 gnd rswk-swf Bodenökologie (DE-588)4332816-7 gnd rswk-swf Bodenschutz (DE-588)4069568-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Bodenschutz (DE-588)4069568-2 s Bodenökologie (DE-588)4332816-7 s Bodenfruchtbarkeit (DE-588)4007369-5 s Ernährungssicherung (DE-588)4152826-8 s DE-604 Hester, Ronald E. 1936- Sonstige (DE-588)128925892 oth Issues in environmental science and technology 35 (DE-604)BV009891717 35 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025669749&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Soils and food security Issues in environmental science and technology Soils / Quality Food security Bodenfruchtbarkeit (DE-588)4007369-5 gnd Ernährungssicherung (DE-588)4152826-8 gnd Bodenökologie (DE-588)4332816-7 gnd Bodenschutz (DE-588)4069568-2 gnd |
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| title | Soils and food security |
| title_auth | Soils and food security |
| title_exact_search | Soils and food security |
| title_full | Soils and food security ed.: R. E. Hester and R. M. Harrison |
| title_fullStr | Soils and food security ed.: R. E. Hester and R. M. Harrison |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soils and food security ed.: R. E. Hester and R. M. Harrison |
| title_short | Soils and food security |
| title_sort | soils and food security |
| topic | Soils / Quality Food security Bodenfruchtbarkeit (DE-588)4007369-5 gnd Ernährungssicherung (DE-588)4152826-8 gnd Bodenökologie (DE-588)4332816-7 gnd Bodenschutz (DE-588)4069568-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Soils / Quality Food security Bodenfruchtbarkeit Ernährungssicherung Bodenökologie Bodenschutz Aufsatzsammlung |
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