Thermodynamics of dilute aqueous solutions: with applications to electrochemistry and corrosion
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Undetermined |
| Published: |
London
Arnold
1949
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Literaturverz. S. 132 - 134 |
| Physical Description: | XV, 136 S. graph. Darst. |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Pourbaix, Marcel J. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Thermodynamics of dilute aqueous solutions |b with applications to electrochemistry and corrosion |c by M. J. N. Pourbaix |
| 264 | 1 | |a London |b Arnold |c 1949 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 136 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
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| 500 | |a Literaturverz. S. 132 - 134 | ||
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
I INTRODUCTION 1
II CLASSIFICATION OF REACTIONS 4
III LAWS OF CHEMICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL EQUI-
LIBRIUM 7
A REACTIONS WITHOUT OXIDATION 9
1 The Hydrogen Ion Exponent, pH 10
(a) Homogeneous Equilibria 10
(b) Heterogeneous Equilibria—Solid/Solution Type 12
(c) Heterogeneous Equilibria—Gas /Solution Type 18
(d) Applications 21
(1) Use of pH Indicators 21
(2) Separation of Bivalent and Trivalent Cations by
Barium Carbonate 21
(3) Hydrolysis Phenomena 22
(4) Buffer Action 24
(5) Miscellaneous Applications 24
B REACTIONS WITH OXIDATION 24
1 Oxidation Reactions not involving H+ ions (Type C) 24
Electrode Potentials 25
(a) Homogeneous Equilibria—Redox Potentials 25
(b) Heterogeneous Equilibria—Solution Potentials and
Gas Electrode Potentials 27
(c) The Significance of the Potential 30
2 Oxidation Reactions involving H+ ions (Type D) 32
pH and Potential 33
(a) Water 33
(b) Other Constituents of Aqueous Solutions 37
IV POTENTIAL-pH DIAGRAMS 38
A ACID AND ALKALINE, AND OXIDIZING AND
, REDUCING MEDIA 38
B CONDITIONS OF THERMOD YNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM
IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS 39
C DOMAINS OF THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY 40
D SCALES USED IN THE DIAGRAMS 41
V UTILITY OF POTENTIAL AND pH 42
A CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDIA IN THERMO-
DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM 42
1 Potentials of Conductors in Equilibrium with a Solution 42
? 2 Potentials of Conductors in Equilibrium with any System
^ of Reactants 42
%
Xlll
XIV
CONTENTS
B CHARACTERISTICS OF REACTING MEDIA 44
1 Electrochemical Affinity—Overpotential 44
2 Direction of Oxidation and Reduction Reactions 45
3 Potentials of Conductors in Reacting Systems 47
4 Corrosion 47
(a) General Criterion of Corrosion 48
(b) Corrosion Potential 48
(c) Increase of Corrosion Velocity 49
(d) Retardation and Inhibition of Corrosion 50
(e) Domains of Corrosion and Domains of Non-corrosion 50
(f) Immune and Passivated Metals; Domains of Immunity
and Domains of Passivation 51
C USE OF POTENTIAL-pH DIAGRAMS 52
VI EXAMPLES 53
A THE SYSTEM Cu-Hß 53
1 Derivation of Fig 11 53
(1) Homogeneous Reactions 54
(2) Heterogeneous Reactions involving two solid phases 55
(3) Heterogeneous Reactions involving one solid phase 55
2 Discussion of Fig 11 61
(a) The Concept of Potential 61
(1) Behaviour of electrically insulated Platinum, Gold,
and Copper 61
(2) Behaviour of Platinum and Gold when not electrically
insulated 62
(3) Behaviour of Copper when not electrically insulated 63
(4) Behaviour of Copper covered with Cuß 63
(b) Stability of Copper Derivatives 64
(1) Stability of Copper Sulphate Solutions 64
(2) Solubility of CuO and Cu(OH)2 65
(3) Ageing of Cu(OH) 2 66
(4) Influence of Substances which form Soluble Complexes
with Cu+, Cu++, Cu02H~ or Cu02~ ions 66
(5) Influence of Substances which form Insoluble Salts
with Cu+, Cu++, Cu02H~ or CuO~2~ ions 67
(c) The System Cu-Cl-H20 68
(d) The Electrolysis of Copper Solutions 76
(e) “Corrosion Domains” of Copper 78
(f) The Potential of Electrically Insulated Copper 80
B THE SYSTEM Fe-Hß 81
1 Derivation of Figs 20a and 20b 82
(1) Homogeneous Reactions 83
(2) Heterogeneous Reactions involving two solid phases 84
(3) Heterogeneous Reactions involving one solid phase 84
CONTENTS xv
; 2 Discussion of Figs 20a and 20b 87
| (a) Stability of Iron Derivatives 87
l (b) “Corrosion Domains” of Iron 90
I (c) Protection of Iron against Corrosion 92
; C THE SYSTEM Cr-H20 96
| 1 Derivation of Figs 23 and 24 98
(1) Homogeneous Reactions 98
t (2) Heterogeneous Reactions involving two solid phases 99
(3) Heterogeneous Reactions involving one solid phase 100
2 Discussion of Fig 24 102
D THE SYSTEM N-H20 102
f, 1 Derivation of Figs 25, 26 and 27 102
* (1) Homogeneous Reactions 104
f (2) Heterogeneous Reactions 105
} 2 Discussion of Figs 25,26 and 27 112
; (a) Stability of Nitrous Acid and Nitrites 112
Ji (b) Reduction of Nitric Acid by NO 116
(c) Stability of Gaseous Ammonia 118
(d) Chemical and Electrochemical Decomposition of Nitric
Add and Nitrates 119
i (e) Electrochemical Fixation of Nitrogen 120
PENDIX A STANDARD CHEMICAL POTENTIALS OF
INORGANIC SUBSTANCES AT 25 0°C 121
APPENDIX B METHODS OF CONSTRUCTING CURVES 125
APPENDIX C SYMBOLS 130
REFERENCES 132
INDEX 135
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:28:35Z |
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| physical | XV, 136 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1949 |
| publishDateSearch | 1949 |
| publishDateSort | 1949 |
| publisher | Arnold |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Pourbaix, Marcel J. Verfasser aut Thermodynamics of dilute aqueous solutions with applications to electrochemistry and corrosion by M. J. N. Pourbaix London Arnold 1949 XV, 136 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 132 - 134 Thermodynamik (DE-588)4059827-5 gnd rswk-swf Wässrige Lösung (DE-588)4124928-8 gnd rswk-swf Thermodynamik (DE-588)4059827-5 s Wässrige Lösung (DE-588)4124928-8 s DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025489929&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Pourbaix, Marcel J. Thermodynamics of dilute aqueous solutions with applications to electrochemistry and corrosion Thermodynamik (DE-588)4059827-5 gnd Wässrige Lösung (DE-588)4124928-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4059827-5 (DE-588)4124928-8 |
| title | Thermodynamics of dilute aqueous solutions with applications to electrochemistry and corrosion |
| title_auth | Thermodynamics of dilute aqueous solutions with applications to electrochemistry and corrosion |
| title_exact_search | Thermodynamics of dilute aqueous solutions with applications to electrochemistry and corrosion |
| title_full | Thermodynamics of dilute aqueous solutions with applications to electrochemistry and corrosion by M. J. N. Pourbaix |
| title_fullStr | Thermodynamics of dilute aqueous solutions with applications to electrochemistry and corrosion by M. J. N. Pourbaix |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermodynamics of dilute aqueous solutions with applications to electrochemistry and corrosion by M. J. N. Pourbaix |
| title_short | Thermodynamics of dilute aqueous solutions |
| title_sort | thermodynamics of dilute aqueous solutions with applications to electrochemistry and corrosion |
| title_sub | with applications to electrochemistry and corrosion |
| topic | Thermodynamik (DE-588)4059827-5 gnd Wässrige Lösung (DE-588)4124928-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Thermodynamik Wässrige Lösung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025489929&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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