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Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Basingstoke, Hampshire [u.a.] Palgrave Macmillan 2011
Ausgabe:	1. publ.
Schlagworte:	Legal research / Study and teaching (Higher) / Great Britain Law / Study and teaching (Higher) / Great Britain Recht Rechtstheorie Rechtsphilosophie Juristische Methodik Großbritannien
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XXII, 458 S. graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9780230230088 0230230083

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adam_text	Preface Aki iVvfvtocJuc/bott ło Иле English Le^al Sysłem Ss Sy J 1.1 THE COMMON LAW AND OTHER CATEGORIES What do we mean by common law ? 3 Definitions and categories: common law and other terms 3 (a) Common law system versus civil law system ...........................................................................3 (b) Common law and equity ...........................................................................................................................4 (c) Common law and statute law .................................................................................................................4 (d) Private law and public law .......................................................................................................................4 (e) Civil law and criminal law .........................................................................................................................4 (f) UK law and European law .........................................................................................................................5 (g) Domestic law and international law ....................................................................................................5 The administration of justice and the courts 6 1.2 THE MAIN SOURCES OF ENGLISH LAW 7 1.2.1 Legislation ...............................................................................................................................................................7 Primary and secondary legislation 8 Acts of Parliament ..............................................................................................................................................9 Delegated legislation ........................................................................................................................................9 Legislative procedure .....................................................................................................................................10 Legislation and the Human Rights Act 1998 12 1.2.2 Statutory interpretation 13 The purposive approach to interpretation 13 (a) The purposive approach ...............................................................................................................14 (b) The traditional rules of statutory interpretation ................................................................14 (c) Hansard, the exclusionary rule and Pepper v Hart ...........................................................20 (d) Statutory interpretation and the effect of the Human Rights Act 1998..................21 1.2.3 Case law and precedent 22 The scope of judicial law making: setting and following precedents 22 What is judicial precedent? 25 VII (a) Finding the ratio in a judgment. .................................................................................................26 (b) Precedent and the hierarchy of the courts ............................................................................28 1.3 THE IMPORTANCE OF EUROPEAN UNION LAW 30 What is the European Union? 31 The institutional structure 31 Law making in the EU 32 Enforcing EU law. ...............................................................................................................................................................32 Different types of law: sources of EU law 33 (a) The Treaties ...................................................................................................................................................33 (b) Secondary legislation ...............................................................................................................................33 (c) Jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice ...........................................................................34 Interpretation of European Union legislation in the UK 35 What does this mean for legal skills? 35 1.4 THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 36 Private international law 36 Public international law 36 Is international law actually law? 36 Sources of international law ......................................................................................................................................37 (a) Treaties ............................................................................................................................................................37 (b) Customary international law ................................................................................................................38 (c) General principles of law recognised by civilised nations .....................................................38 (d) Judicial decisions ........................................................................................................................................38 (e) Teachings of the most highly qualified publicists ......................................................................39 (f) Obligations erga omnes. .........................................................................................................................39 (g) United Nations General Assembly Resolutions ...........................................................................39 (h) Soft law ...........................................................................................................................................................39 (i) Recommendations of international bodies that progressively codify international law: the International Law Commission .....................................................................39 j o law library ........................................................................................................................................41 2.1 USING THE LIBRARY 41 Why do you need to use your law library?. ........................................................................................................42 Primary and secondary sources of law 42 The organisation of your law library 43 2.2 FINDING CASES 43 Why is case law so important? 43 (a) The Supreme Court (House of Lords) 44 (b) The Court of Appeal ..................................................................................................................................44 (c) The High Court .............................................................................................................................................44 (d) The Crown Court ...................................................................... ; ..................................................................44 (e) The county courts ............................................................................. ;; ......................................................45 (f) The magistrates courts ...........................................................................................................................45 What is meant by the higher courts and the lower courts ? 45 The European courts .......................................................................................................................................................45 viii contents (a) European Court of Justice (ECJ) ............................................................................................................45 (b) European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). ....................................................................................45 Law reporting .....................................................................................................................................................................46 Law reports and case transcripts .............................................................................................................................46 (a) Law reports ...................................................................................................................................................47 (b) Case transcripts ...........................................................................................................................................47 Law reports: major series and specialist series 47 Case citations and finding law reports 48 (a) Neutral case citations ..............................................................................................................................49 (b) Square or round brackets? ....................................................................................................................50 (c) Law reports in legal journals and newspapers ..........................................................................50 (d) European courts that affect the law of England and Wales ..................................................52 2.3 FINDING STATUTORY MATERIALS 54 What is primary legislation? .....................................................................................................................................54 Finding statutes in force ...............................................................................................................................................54 Finding secondary legislation (statutory instruments) 55 Finding European Union legislation 56 Finding and citing Committee Reports and Royal Commission Reports 57 Finding Law Commission papers 57 Finding Hansard: the official reports of parliamentary debates 58 2.4 FINDING JOURNALS AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS 59 What are secondary sources of law? 59 Textbooks .............................................................................................................................................................................59 Purchasing law books ......................................................................................................................................60 Legal journals .....................................................................................................................................................................60 Why are legal journals important?. ...........................................................................................................60 How to find articles from legal journals .................................................................................................60 Journal indexes: online ..................................................................................................................................60 2.5 USING ONLINE LEGAL DATABASES 61 What do the online legal databases contain? 62 The online legal databases in more detail 62 Lawtel. .....................................................................................................................................................................62 WestlawUK ..........................................................................................................................................................63 LexisLibrary ..........................................................................................................................................................64 HeinOnline ............................................................................................................................................................65 Justis .........................................................................................................................................................................65 JustCite ....................................................................................................................................................................65 Eurolaw ..................................................................................................................................................................66 Useful tips for online searching 66 (a) Synonyms and related terms ...............................................................................................................66 (b) Case name and case citation searches ............................................................................................67 (c) Author and Title searches ......................................................................................................................67 (d) Exact phrase searching using double quotation marks ...........................................................67 (e) Truncation ....................................................................................................................................................68 (f) Wild card characters .................................................................................................................................68 Contents ix 3 Leccai r&SesdfcM .................................................................................................................................................... 69 3.1 EFFECTIVE READING 70 Step 1: Feeling right about reading 70 Your feelings about reading .........................................................................................................................71 Three ways of making the experience of reading more enjoyable ..........................................71 Step 2: Develop the 3 Rs of reading 71 To reveal ..............................................................................................................................................................72 To review .............................................................................................................................................................72 To remind ............................................................................................................................................................72 A reading plan .....................................................................................................................................................72 Step 3: Become a more selective reader 73 Step 4: Become a smarter reader. ...........................................................................................................................74 Other ways to become a smarter reader ................................................................................................74 Step 5: Become a more focused (and faster) reader 74 Do you mouth words or read under your breath? .............................................................................75 Do you keep going back over words you have just read? ..............................................................75 Do you frequently stop reading to check unfamiliar words? .......................................................75 Reminder! ..............................................................................................................................................................75 Focusing on primary words ...........................................................................................................................75 Speed-reading .....................................................................................................................................................76 Adjusting the pace of reading to suit the purpose ............................................................................76 Step 6: Become a more active reader ...................................................................................................................76 Becoming a better reader: my action plan ...........................................................................................77 Effective reading: key points .....................................................................................................................................77 Step 1: Feel right about reading .................................................................................................................77 Step 2: Develop the 3 Rs of reading .........................................................................................................77 Step 3: Become a more selective reader ...............................................................................................77 Step 4: Become a smarter reader ..............................................................................................................77 Step 5: Become a more focused (and faster) reader ........................................................................77 Step 6: Become a more active reader. ....................................................................................................77 3.2 USING CASES .................................................................................................................................................................78 The anatomy of a law report .....................................................................................................................................79 EU cases ..................................................................................................................................................................81 3.3 USING STATUTORY MATERIAL 83 The anatomy of a statute ............................................................................................................................................84 Schedules ...............................................................................................................................................................85 EU legislation .......................................................................................................................................................85 3.4 USING JOURNAL ARTICLES AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS 88 The anatomy of a journal article 88 3.5 OTHER APPROACHES TO RESEARCH: SOCIO-LEGAL AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH 91 Different types of research ,91 Research approaches 92 (a) Quantitative/qualitative research ......................................................................................................92 Contents (b) Basic/applied research ............................................................................................................................92 (c) Deductive/inductive research ..............................................................................................................93 Research philosophies ...................................................................................................................................................93 Research methodologies ..............................................................................................................................................94 (a) Surveys ............................................................................................................................................................94 (b) Experimental studies ...............................................................................................................................95 (c) Longitudinal studies .................................................................................................................................95 (d) Cross-sectional studies ............................................................................................................................95 (e) Case studies ..................................................................................................................................................95 (f) Action research ...........................................................................................................................................96 (g) Ethnography (participant observation) ...........................................................................................96 (h) Participative enquiry. ...............................................................................................................................96 (i) Feminist perspectives ..............................................................................................................................96 Examples of research projects 97 Methods .................................................................................................................................................................................97 (a) Interviews ....................................................................................................................................................97 (b) Focus groups ................................................................................................................................................98 (c) Participant observation ...........................................................................................................................99 (d) Questionnaires ........................................................................................................................................100 Ethical considerations in research 104 (a) Appropriateness of methods and competence ........................................................................104 (b) Consent .......................................................................................................................................................105 (c) Confidentiality .........................................................................................................................................105 (d) Integrity; ......................................................................................................................................................106 (e) Ethics scenarios ........................................................................................................................................106 Ю................................................................................................................................................ 108 What is critical thinking? ..........................................................................................................................................109 Descriptive or critical? .................................................................................................................................................109 Why should I develop critical thinking skills? 111 Can I bea critical thinker? ........................................................................................................................................112 How do I critically think about the law? 113 What are my lecturers looking for? 113 Critically thinking about the law ...........................................................................................................................114 4.1 LEGAL REASONING 115 What is legal reasoning? 116 How do I identify the legal reasoning? 117 (a) Hints to start ..............................................................................................................................................117 (b) Signals ...........................................................................................................................................................118 Legal reasoning guidance .........................................................................................................................................120 What do I do with the legal reasoning? ............................................................................................................121 How do I put forward my own legal reasoning? 121 When concluding ..........................................................................................................................................122 4.2 REFLECTIVE LEARNING 123 My learning style 124 (a) Linguistic intelligence ...........................................................................................................................125 Contents xi (b) Logical intelligence ................................................................................................................................125 (c) Visual intelligence ...................................................................................................................................126 (d) Physical intelligence ..............................................................................................................................126 (e) Personal intelligence .............................................................................................................................127 (f) Left-brain learner ....................................................................................................................................127 (g) Right-brain learner. ................................................................................................................................128 Reflecting on your personal skills ........................................................................................................................128 Can you be positive?. .....................................................................................................................................128 Active learning .................................................................................................................................................130 Reflecting on your academic performance 132 Journals ................................................................................................................................................................134 Goals .....................................................................................................................................................................136 4.3 ANALYTICAL THINKING 138 Assessment question ..................................................................................................................................................139 The title ................................................................................................................................................................139 Analysing the writer s position ..............................................................................................................................141 Analysing the arguments ..........................................................................................................................................142 Tricks ....................................................................................................................................................................................144 (a) Assumptions ..............................................................................................................................................145 (b) Implicit arguments .................................................................................................................................145 (c) Connoted meanings ...............................................................................................................................146 (d) False correlations ....................................................................................................................................146 (e) False analogies .........................................................................................................................................147 (f) Signal tricks ................................................................................................................................................147 (g) Emotive language ...................................................................................................................................148 (h) Tautology. ....................................................................................................................................................148 Inconsistency ...................................................................................................................................................................149 Meeting conditions .......................................................................................................................................................149 Misrepresentation .........................................................................................................................................................150 Analysing the conclusion ..........................................................................................................................................151 4.4 EVALUATING 154 Bloom s taxonomy ........................................................................................................................................................155 Evaluating the work of others ................................................................................................................................156 (a) Evidence and sources ............................................................................................................................156 (b) Representation .........................................................................................................................................157 (c) Certainty. .....................................................................................................................................................157 (d) Facts versus opinions ............................................................................................................................158 (e) Eye-witnesses and interviews ..........................................................................................................158 (f) Triangulation..............................................................................................................................................159 Putting itali together .................................................................................................................................................160 Evaluating your finished work 161 Word counts ......................................................................................................................................................................162 Buy a red pen ................................................................................................................................................................162 xii Contents 164 5.1 LEGAL LANGUAGE 165 The importance of communication skills 165 Student vs professional ..............................................................................................................................................166 Effective communication ...........................................................................................................................................167 (a) WHO is your communication addressed to? ..............................................................................167 (b) OUTCOME - why are you communicating and what outcome are you seeking? ......167 (c) WHAT message are you communicating and what words, style and tone should you use? ......;;......................................................................................................................................167 Ordinary words having legal meanings 169 The nuts and bolts .....................................................................................................................................................169 When is it appropriate to use a phrase? ..........................................................................................................170 Goal table! ..........................................................................................................................................................171 5.2 NOTE WRITING 171 When and why?. .............................................................................................................................................................172 Note taking ornóte making? ..................................................................................................................................173 How do I write notes effectively? ........................................................................................................................174 Notes in style! .................................................................................................................................................................175 (a) Linear notes ...............................................................................................................................................175 (b) Visual and pattern notes .....................................................................................................................177 (c) Voice notes .................................................................................................................................................178 Trouble shooting! ...........................................................................................................................................................178 Organising your notes .................................................................................................................................................179 5.3 PLANNING AND DRAFTING COURSEWORK 180 (1) Identifying deadlines 181 (2) Analysing the question 182 Tips for analysing the question ................................................................................................................182 Key words in problem questions ............................................................................................................183 (3) Gathering relevant information ....................................................................................................................184 (4) Planning your structure ......................................................................................................................................185 (a) Essays ............................................................................................................................................................186 (b) Problem questions ..................................................................................................................................187 (5) Write and rewrite ...................................................................................................................................................189 Problems when writing ...............................................................................................................................190 Rewrite .................................................................................................................................................................191 (6) Referencing ...............................................................................................................................................................191 5.4 WRITING EFFECTIVELY 192 Style ......................................................................................................................................................................................192 The same rule applies to good writing ................................................................................................192 Audience: your tutor and the invisible reader! .................................................................................193 Adopt an objective style ..............................................................................................................................193 Tips for writing clearly ..................................................................................................................................193 Be concise ...........................................................................................................................................................194 Avoid redundant words ................................................................................................................................195 Grammar ...........................................................................................................................................................................195 Contents xiii Write in complete sentences .....................................................................................................................196 Spelling ...............................................................................................................................................................................196 Punctuation ......................................................................................................................................................................196 Comma confusion ...........................................................................................................................................196 Awful apostrophes! ........................................................................................................................................197 Some common problems ............................................................................................................................197 Plural problems ................................................................................................................................................197 5.5 REFERENCING AND STYLE GUIDES 198 Definitions. ........................................................................................................................................................................198 Why reference?. ..............................................................................................................................................................198 Referencing systems 199 Footnoting .........................................................................................................................................................................199 Where do I put the footnote?. ...................................................................................................................199 Repeating footnotes ......................................................................................................................................200 Books ....................................................................................................................................................................200 Journals ................................................................................................................................................................200 Cases .....................................................................................................................................................................200 In your assignment: .......................................................................................................................................200 In your footnote: .............................................................................................................................................200 Statutes ................................................................................................................................................................200 Style guides ......................................................................................................................................................................202 5.6 PLAGIARISM .................................................................................................................................................................204 What is plagiarism?. .....................................................................................................................................................204 You will be caught! ........................................................................................................................................204 Types of plagiarism ......................................................................................................................................................206 Plagiarism or sharing?. .................................................................................................................................208 Fighting temptation! .....................................................................................................................................208 Why should I reference the work of others?. .....................................................................................209 5.7 PRESENTATIONS 209 Why presentations? .....................................................................................................................................................210 Presentation skills .........................................................................................................................................................211 Working with others ......................................................................................................................................213 Going it alone ...................................................................................................................................................214 Presentation time! 214 (a) Building your presentation .................................................................................................................214 (b) PowerPoint guidance ............................................................................................................................217 (c) Conquering nerves .................................................................................................................................220 (d) Practice makes perfect .........................................................................................................................221 (e) Delivery .......................................................................................................................................................223 5.8 RESEARCH PROJECTS, REPORTS AND DISSERTATIONS 225 Structuring your dissertation ................................................................. 225 Report writing ..........................................................................................................■.......................................................227 What s the difference between a report and an essay?. .............................................................227 An effective report .........................................................................................:...............................................229 Writing tips for dissertations and project reports 230 xiv Contents 5.9 FEEDBACK .......................................................................................................................................................................231 What is considérée) feedback ? ............................................................................................................................231 What is the purpose of feedback?. .........................................................................................................233 What is my lecturer asking for? ................................................................................................................235 What do my lecturer s comments mean?. ..........................................................................................235 Assessment criteria ........................................................................................................................................237 y Skills .................................................................................................................................................................239 6.1 GROUP WORK 240 How to form a group ...................................................................................................................................................242 Key points about group formation .........................................................................................................243 How to make it work ...................................................................................................................................244 Firststages.........................................................................................................................................................245 Reviewing progress .......................................................................................................................................246 Personal attributes 247 Group attributes .............................................................................................................................................................247 Disputes ..............................................................................................................................................................................247 Troubleshooting ...............................................................................................................................................250 Group work and plagiarism .....................................................................................................................................253 6.2 TIME MANAGEMENT 254 Daily challenges .............................................................................................................................................................255 Common mistakes ........................................................................................................................................................257 (a) Procrastination .........................................................................................................................................257 (b) Inflated personal abilities and perfectionism ...........................................................................258 (c) Inadequate planning and time scheduling ................................................................................258 (d) Existence of distractions ......................................................................................................................259 How time management can help ........................................................................................................................260 (a) Getting to know yourself ....................................................................................................................260 (b) Planning and scheduling .....................................................................................................................262 Maintain a normal life ................................................................................................................................................269 Resist perfectionism ....................................................................................................................................................269 Time management offers solutions ....................................................................................................................270 6.3 PROJECTMANAGEMENT 270 What is project management? 270 Why is project management important? 271 Project management essentials 272 (a) Defining the project ...............................................................................................................................272 (b) Planning the project ..............................................................................................................................273 (c) Executing the project ............................................................................................................................275 (d) Analysing the project ............................................................................................................................275 6.4 REVISION .........................................................................................................................................................................277 How to begin your revision .....................................................................................................................................278 (a) Organise your notes ...............................................................................................................................278 Contents xv (b) Selectând prioritise ...............................................................................................................................279 (c) Draw up a revision schedule .............................................................................................................279 (d) Revise according to your learning style .......................................................................................280 (e) Improve your memory. ........................................................................................................................282 (f) Past exam papers ..................................................................................................................................282 (g) Your friends can help! ...........................................................................................................................283 (h) Handwriting ...............................................................................................................................................283 (i) Anxiety and stress ..................................................................................................................................283 Revision makes the world of difference 286 6.5 EXAMS ..............................................................................................................................................................................286 Why exams? ....................................................................................................................................................................286 I can t do it! .....................................................................................................................................................287 Types of exam .................................................................................................................................................................289 (a) Open book exams ...................................................................................................................................289 (b) Closed book exams ................................................................................................................................290 Exam questions .............................................................................................................................................................291 (a) Casestudies ...............................................................................................................................................291 (b) Essays ...........................................................................................................................................................293 (c) Confusing directions ..............................................................................................................................293 Strategies and exam technique ............................................................................................................................294 (a) Time and weighting ...............................................................................................................................295 (b) Read the question ..................................................................................................................................296 (c) Structure your answer ..........................................................................................................................298 (d) Show your research ...............................................................................................................................300 (e) Nerves ..........................................................................................................................................................301 Schedule .............................................................................................................................................................................304 Months before ..................................................................................................................................................304 A week before ..................................................................................................................................................304 On the day! ........................................................................................................................................................305 In the exam! ......................................................................................................................................................306 What now?. ......................................................................................................................................................306 308 7.1 WRITING FOR LEGAL PRACTICE 309 Letters ..................................................................................................................................................................................310 (a) Letters to clients .....................................................................................................................................310 (b) Letters of claim, and letters to other professionals ...............................................................313 (c) Instructions to counsel/briefs to counsel .....................................................................................313 (d) Counsel s opinion ....................................................................................................................................314 Drafting legal documents 314 7.2 MOOTING ........................................................................................................................................................................315 Why moot? ................................................................................................................·.;,.....................................................316 The layout of a moot .................................................................................................................................................317 What does counsel for the appellant really do? 318 What does counsel for the respondent really do? ..........................................................................318 xvi Contents Example moot scenario ..............................................................................................................................................319 Getting started on a moot ..........................................................................................................................320 Building your argument ..............................................................................................................................320 How important is research in a moot? ................................................................................................321 The formalities of mooting - speaking .................................................................................................322 The formalities of mooting - timing ......................................................................................................323 Nerves ..................................................................................................................................................................324 7.3 ADVOCACY ....................................................................................................................................................................324 Manners! ............................................................................................................................................................................325 Delivery. .............................................................................................................................................................................326 Preparation and research ..........................................................................................................................................327 Timing ..................................................................................................................................................................................328 7.4 CLINICAL LEGAL EDUCATION 329 What is clinical legal education? ...........................................................................................................................330 (a) Live client clinics .....................................................................................................................................330 (b) Simulation clinics ....................................................................................................................................331 The objectives of CLE - why do I need it? 331 Skills acquired 332 (a) Research ......................................................................................................................................................332 (b) Critical thinking and evaluation .......................................................................................................333 (c) Problem solving .......................................................................................................................................333 (d) Drafting ........................................................................................................................................................333 (e) Interviews ...................................................................................................................................................334 (f) Negotiation ................................................................................................................................................334 (g) Advocacy .....................................................................................................................................................334 (h) Group work ...............................................................................................................................................335 (i) Practical knowledge .............................................................................................................................336 (j) Professional conduct .............................................................................................................................336 Benefits ...............................................................................................................................................................................336 Student benefits ..............................................................................................................................................336 Institutional benefits .....................................................................................................................................337 Benefits to the community ........................................................................................................................337 Case studies ......................................................................................................................................................................338 Other law clinic models 339 (a) INUK ...............................................................................................................................................................339 (b) Streetlaw .....................................................................................................................................................339 People skills 341 8.1 NETWORKING 342 Why network? ................................................................................................................................................................342 Networking for law students 343 Building networks ..........................................................................................................................................344 Strong ties, weak ties, connectors ..........................................................................................................345 Virtual community networks ....................................................................................................................345 Networking in action ....................................................................................................................................346 Contents xvii Creating a good first impression ......................................................................................... Good communication ............................................................................................................... Dealing with potential rejection ......................................................................................... Following up and managing your network .................................................................. Towards successful networking Set specific networking goals ............................................................................................ Focus completely on others needs when trying to establish professional relationships ................................................................................................................................. Practise small talk .................................................................................................................... Follow up within 48 hours with all new contacts ...................................................... Maintain your professional relationships ....................................................................... Take one action a day to initiate and maintain networking relationships. ... Don t overlook your networking pearls .......................................................................... Respect your contact s name and time .......................................................................... 8.2 LEADERSHIP SKILLS What is leadership? How to manage conflict and keep the peace in teamwork situations Praise ............................................................................................................................................... Criticism .......................................................................................................................................... Conflict is normal ....................................................................................................................... .347 .347 .347 .347 .348 .348 .348 .349 .349 .349 .349 .350 .350 351 351 .351 .351 352 352 8.3 NEGOTIATION Types of negotiations (a) Adversarial negotiations ................... (b) Problem solving ................................... Basic factors affecting negotiations (a) Human behaviour ................................. (b) Methods of communication ............. (c) Consideration of personal needs. (d) The type of negotiation ..................... Preparation for negotiations .........................................................................................353 .........................................................................................354 ........................................................................................354 ........................................................................................354 .........................................................................................355 .........................................................................................355 .........................................................................................355 .........................................................................................355 .........................................................................................356 .........................................................................................356 Know your negotiation - styles, strategies, ethics and skills 357 (a) Negotiation styles ...................................................................................................................... (b) Negotiation strategies .............................................................................................................. (c) Ethical issues in negotiations ................................................................................................ (d) Negotiation skills ........................................................................................................................ Negotiations in practice: step-by-step Specific negotiation issues ............................................................................................................. Achieving breakthrough in negotiations ................................................................................. Essential negotiation checklists .357 358 .361 363 365 366 366 366 8.4 INTERVIEWING AND ADVISING Interviewing ............................................................. Key skills ...................................................... Interview planning and structure. Advising ....................................................................... 368 368 370 .372 373 xviii Contents The career planning process 374 Help - where do I start? ..............................................................................................................................374 Six steps to success ........................................................................................................................................374 9.1 RESEARCHING YOUR OPTIONS 375 The world is your oyster ............................................................................................................................................375 See what s out there ...................................................................................................................................................375 Use your university s careers service ....................................................................................................375 Look up career planning websites ..........................................................................................................376 Use a search engine .......................................................................................................................................376 Talk to people ...................................................................................................................................................376 Look at job websites/newspapers ..........................................................................................................376 Follow your skills and interests ................................................................................................................377 Look at postgraduate opportunities ......................................................................................................377 Use your social networks ............................................................................................................................377 Widen your horizons .....................................................................................................................................377 Becoming a solicitor (in England and Wales) 377 What s involved? .............................................................................................................................................377 What s the attraction? ...................................................................................................................................378 The skills required ...........................................................................................................................................378 Solicitors practice areas ..............................................................................................................................378 Where solicitors work. ..................................................................................................................................383 Qualifying as a solicitor ...............................................................................................................................385 Further information about becoming a solicitor ..............................................................................387 Becoming a barrister (in England and Wales) 387 What s involved? .............................................................................................................................................387 What s the attraction?. .................................................................................................................................387 The skills required ..........................................................................................................................................388 Barristers practice areas .............................................................................................................................388 Where barristers work. .................................................................................................................................390 Qualifying asa barrister ..............................................................................................................................391 Further information about becoming a barrister .............................................................................392 Other legal roles ..............................................................................................................................................,.............392 Legal executives ..............................................................................................................................................392 Licensed conveyancers .................................................................................................................................393 Patent attorneys ..............................................................................................................................................394 Trade mark attorneys ....................................................................................................................................394 Paralegals ...........................................................................................................................................................395 Legal publishing (editorial, sales/marketing) ...................................................................................395 Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) caseworker/associate prosecutor ......................................395 Barristers clerks ..............................................................................................................................................395 Legal secretaries .............................................................................................................................................396 Court administrative officers .....................................................................................................................396 Court reporters .................................................................................................................................................396 Company secretaries .....................................................................................................................................396 Outdoor clerks ..................................................................................................................................................396 Other popular careers 397 Careers in advertising, marketing and public relations (PR) .....................................................397 Contents xix Careers in the armed forces, security and emergency services ..............................................397 Careers in education and training ..........................................................................................................398 Careers in financial services, insurance and pensions ..................................................................398 Careers in public administration and politics ....................................................................................399 Other career options .....................................................................................................................................399 What to do next .............................................................................................................................................................400 9.2 CHOOSING A ROLE 400 It s your life ......................................................................................................................................................................400 What are your strengths? (your skills) ...............................................................................................................401 Your skills audit ..............................................................................................................................................401 What do you enjoy? (your interests) 402 Your interests audit ........................................................................................................................................402 What do you want from life? (your motivations) 403 Your motivations audit .................................................................................................................................403 Matching yourself to possible careers 404 Making a decision .........................................................................................................................................................404 A step-by-step approach 406 Online tools to match yourself to a career 407 What to do next .............................................................................................................................................................408 9.3 PLANNING YOUR STRATEGY 408 The need to plan ...........................................................................................................................................................408 Typical graduate paths ...............................................................................................................................................408 Five keys to success .....................................................................................................................................................409 Develop your skills .........................................................................................................................................409 Build your networks ......................................................................................................................................410 Consider more study ......................................................................................................................................410 Boost your grades .........................................................................................................................................410 Set some goals .................................................................................................................................................410 Getting into law. ............................................................................................................................................................412 Getting a training contract 412 What are your chances?. ..............................................................................................................................412 What do they look for? .................................................................................................................................412 When to apply ..................................................................................................................................................412 Where are they advertised?. ......................................................................................................................412 Planning your strategy. ................................................................................................................................413 If all else fails ....................................................................................................................................................414 What if I get a 2:2?........................................................................................................................................414 After your training contract ........................................................................................................................415 Getting a pupillage .....................................................................................................................................................415 What are your chances? ...............................................................................................................................415 What do they look for? ................................................................................................................................416 Where are they advertised?. ......................................................................................................................416 When to apply ...............................................................................■......,...........................................................416 Planning your strategy ........................................................................ _......................................................416 If all else fails ...................................................................................................................................................418 After your pupillage ......................................................................................;................................................418 xx Contents 9.4 WORK EXPERIENCE 419 What is itr .........................................................................................................................................................................419 Why you need it .............................................................................................................................................................419 What you can do ............................................................................................................................................................419 Anything and everything ............................................................................................................................419 Voluntary/pro bono work ............................................................................................................................419 Temporary/part-time work. .......................................................................................................................420 Extracurricular activities ..............................................................................................................................421 Mentoring ...........................................................................................................................................................421 Employer events ............................................................................................................................................422 Summer placements and other structured work experience ..................................................422 Formal legal vacation schemes ...............................................................................................................423 Mini-pupilages at barristers chambers ...............................................................................................423 9.5 FURTHER STUDY 424 Is it right for me?. ..........................................................................................................................................................424 What are your options? ..............................................................................................................................................425 Finding and choosing a course ..............................................................................................................................425 Costs and funding .........................................................................................................................................................425 When to apply ................................................................................................................................................................426 The Graduate Diploma in Law (GDL) 426 The Legal Practice Course (LPC) 427 The Bar Professional Training Course (BPTC) ..................................................................................................428 9.6 APPLICATIONS AND INTERVIEWS 429 What employers look for ..........................................................................................................................................429 Proving your skills ..........................................................................................................................................430 Proving your commitment .........................................................................................................................430 Proving your knowledge .............................................................................................................................430 Effective CVs ....................................................................................................................................................................432 What makes a good CV?..............................................................................................................................432 When to use a CV............................................................................................................................................432 What to include ................................................................................................................................................432 Some general rules ........................................................................................................................................433 Use positive words .........................................................................................................................................434 Use short sentences .......................................................................................................................................434 CV styles ..............................................................................................................................................................435 Four steps to constructing your CV........................................................................................................435 Checking your work .......................................................................................................................................436 The one-minute test ......................................................................................................................................436 Example CVs ......................................................................................................................................................436 Application forms ..........................................................................................................................................................441 Questions about your qualifications and experience ....................................................................441 Questions about your commitment .......................................................................................................441 Questions about your skills ........................................................................................................................442 Personal statements .....................................................................................................................................443 Online applications ........................................................................................................................................444 Further study applications ..........................................................................................................................444 Covering letters ...............................................................................................................................................444 Contents xxi Interviews.........................................................................................................................................................................445 Why employers use them ...........................................................................................................................445 Types of interview ..........................................................................................................................................446 Skills-based questions (why they should choose you) .................................................................446 Commitment-based questions (why you want to work for them) .........................................446 Knowledge-based questions .....................................................................................................................447 Law interviews .................................................................................................................................................447 Your weaknesses ............................................................................................................................................447 Questions for them ........................................................................................................................................447 Preparing for the day ....................................................................................................................................448 Performing on the day .................................................................................................................................448 After the interview ........................................................................................................................................448 Assessment centre exercises ....................................................................................................................449 Further information about applications, interviews and assessment centres 450 Summary. ...........................................................................................................................................................................451 <xv A тшуМл&г re^Amc* asi 455 xxii Contents
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spelling	Legal skills Lisa Cherkassky ... 1. publ. Basingstoke, Hampshire [u.a.] Palgrave Macmillan 2011 XXII, 458 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Legal research / Study and teaching (Higher) / Great Britain Law / Study and teaching (Higher) / Great Britain Recht Rechtstheorie (DE-588)4126505-1 gnd rswk-swf Rechtsphilosophie (DE-588)4048821-4 gnd rswk-swf Juristische Methodik (DE-588)4114116-7 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Rechtsphilosophie (DE-588)4048821-4 s Juristische Methodik (DE-588)4114116-7 s Rechtstheorie (DE-588)4126505-1 s DE-604 Cherkassky, Lisa Sonstige oth Digitalisierung UB Passau application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025454283&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Legal skills Legal research / Study and teaching (Higher) / Great Britain Law / Study and teaching (Higher) / Great Britain Recht Rechtstheorie (DE-588)4126505-1 gnd Rechtsphilosophie (DE-588)4048821-4 gnd Juristische Methodik (DE-588)4114116-7 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4126505-1 (DE-588)4048821-4 (DE-588)4114116-7 (DE-588)4022153-2
title	Legal skills
title_auth	Legal skills
title_exact_search	Legal skills
title_full	Legal skills Lisa Cherkassky ...
title_fullStr	Legal skills Lisa Cherkassky ...
title_full_unstemmed	Legal skills Lisa Cherkassky ...
title_short	Legal skills
title_sort	legal skills
topic	Legal research / Study and teaching (Higher) / Great Britain Law / Study and teaching (Higher) / Great Britain Recht Rechtstheorie (DE-588)4126505-1 gnd Rechtsphilosophie (DE-588)4048821-4 gnd Juristische Methodik (DE-588)4114116-7 gnd
topic_facet	Legal research / Study and teaching (Higher) / Great Britain Law / Study and teaching (Higher) / Great Britain Recht Rechtstheorie Rechtsphilosophie Juristische Methodik Großbritannien
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025454283&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT cherkasskylisa legalskills

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