Social Exclusion and Land Administration in Orissa, India
Social Exclusion and Land Administration in Orissa, India:

May 1999 - Which factors prevent the rural poor and other socially excluded groups from having access to land in Orissa, India? The authors report on the first empirical study of its kind to examine - from the perspective of transaction costs - factors that constrain access to land for the rural poo...

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1. Verfasser: Mearns, Robin (VerfasserIn)
Format: Elektronisch E-Book
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: Washington, D.C The World Bank 1999
Schlagworte:
Access To Land
Charges
Common Property Resource Development
Communities & Human Settlements
Contracts
Fees
Finance and Financial Sector Development
Forestry
Grants
Income
Institutional Analysis
Institutional Reform
Institutional Reforms
Land
Land Tenure
Land Use
Land Use and Policies
Poverty Reduction
Public
Public Sector Management and Reform
Public and Municipal Finance
Revenue
Revenue Collection
Rural Development
Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems
Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction
Social Exclusion
State Governments
States
Subnational Governance
Urban Areas
Urban Development
Urban Economics
Urban Governance and Management
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Zusammenfassung:May 1999 - Which factors prevent the rural poor and other socially excluded groups from having access to land in Orissa, India? The authors report on the first empirical study of its kind to examine - from the perspective of transaction costs - factors that constrain access to land for the rural poor and other socially excluded groups in India. They find that: -Land reform has reduced large landholdings since the 1950s. Medium size farms have gained most. Formidable obstacles still prevent the poor from gaining access to land. -The complexity of land revenue administration in Orissa is partly the legacy of distinctly different systems, which produced more or less complete and accurate land records. These not-so-distant historical records can be important in resolving contemporary land disputes. -Orissa tried legally to abolish land-leasing. Concealed tenancy persisted, with tenants having little protection under the law. -Women's access to and control over land, and their bargaining power with their husbands about land, may be enhanced through joint land titling, a principle yet to be realized in Orissa. -Land administration is viewed as a burden on the state rather than a service, and land records and registration systems are not coordinated. Doing so will improve rights for the poor and reduce transaction costs - but only if the system is transparent and the powerful do not retain the leverage over settlement officers that has allowed land grabs. Land in Orissa may be purchased, inherited, rented (leased), or - in the case of public land and the commons - encroached upon. Each type of transaction - and the State's response, through land law and administration - has implications for poor people's access to land. The authors find that: -Land markets are thin and transaction costs are high, limiting the amount of agricultural land that changes hands.
[Fortsetzung 1. Abstract] The fragmentation of landholdings into tiny, scattered plots is a brake on agricultural productivity, but efforts to consolidate land may discriminate against the rural poor. Reducing transaction costs in land markets will help. - Protecting the rural poor's rights of access to common land requires raising public awareness and access to information. -Liberalizing land-lease markets for the rural poor will help, but only if the poor are ensured access to institutional credit. This paper - a product of the Rural Development Sector Unit, South Asia Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to promote access to land and to foster more demand-driven and socially inclusive institutions in rural development. Robin Mearns may be contacted at rmearns@worldbank.org
Beschreibung:1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource (83 p.))
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