Politica între proporţionalism şi majoritarism: alegeri şi sistem electoral în România postcomunistă
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Romanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Iaşi
Inst. European
2012
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Colecţia Academica
150 : Seria Ştiinţe politice |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. und franz. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 365 S. Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9789736118524 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Abstract
By
2012,
in post-communist Romania, six editions of parliamentary
elections had been organized and just as many presidential elections, as well as
five rounds of local ballots and two editions of europarliamentarian elections.
The founding elections of
1990
were followed by the first constitutional elections
in
1992,
but it was the
1996
general election that brought the first political
turnover. Alternation in power was confirmed by the elections of
2000
and
partially by those of
2004.
The
2007-2009
period, with the political premieres it
generated, was by far the most active electoral interval. In total,
2910
parliamen¬
tarians were elected, an additional
68
EuroMPs, three Romanian served as head
of state, and more than
225.000
positions were filled in the local government. A
sufficient experience, especially for an emerging democracy, to enable us to
outline the characteristics of the Romanian electoral mechanism.
Seen from a historical perspective, the new electoral mechanism is dis¬
continuous in comparison with the previous system from the communist period
(which focused on pluralitary vote), yet in the same time almost consistent with
the interbellic proportional elections.
Since
1990,
Romania has switched to a complex proportional electoral
system for its bicameral parliamentarian elections, thus aligning with the East
European rule for the designation of national MP s. A PR electoral formula was
used for the election of local college authorities, as well as the nomination of the
European Parliamentarians. In all of these cases, a proportional method was
preferred, which was favorable to the larger political parties (high electoral
threshold, using the d Hondt method as well as the
GRM
for the allocation of
seats), whereas the personalized vote was repudiated. On the other hand, the
solution employed for presidential elections was the classical majority vote, with
mayors and presidents of county councils being elected using a similar method.
Therefore, we re dealing with a proportional electoral mechanism for
the allocation of seats in the National local assemblies, and majority- based for
the election of monocratic seats, a mechanism whose stability was assured,
paradoxically, by an original legal practice, characterized by frequent revisions
and excessive government regulation. In addition, the electoral law could not
remove the assumption of electoral fraud. Voter registration and the composition
of electoral offices remain the principal weaknesses of this legislation and as
such, potential sources of electoral fraud.
361
POLITICA
ÎNTRE
PROPORTIONALEM
ŞI MAJORITARISM
Elections
in
Romania,
where voting is not compulsory, have aligned
with the general trend of a reduction in popular participation, hence the number of
Romanians who have expressed their electoral options in
2008/2009
amounted
to half the level recorded in the first post-communist elections in
1990.
Moreover, the low representation index in these elections is an indication that
Romanian democracy displays an increasingly oligarchic tendency. Such a trend
is consistent with the effects the introduction of the
uninominal
vote in
2008
had
over parliamentary elections.
The proportional Parliamentary mechanism remains an equitable
system, which generated a reasonable level of electoral fairness. Since
2004,
the
electoral system has steadily improved its own parameters, with the dispro¬
portion index decreasing, in
2008,
to the
EU
average. Overall, the disproportion
is
4.99%,
a figure that places Romania after Norway (G
= 4.93%),
but ahead of
Japan (G
= 5.03%),
Greece (G
= 8.08%)
and Spain (G
= 8.15%),
all type PR demo¬
cracies. However, in relation to Eastern European States, the Romanian
parliamentary election mechanism is even more powerful, placing it below the
region s electoral
disproportional
average. Briefly, the problem with parliamen¬
tary elections is its
disproportional
nature, but its representation levels, that are
otherwise specifies to the post-communist electoral ensemble in Romania.
However, in the general context of Romanian politicians concern with
the reformation of political institutions, the proportional parliamentary mecha¬
nism is under pressure to change, being proposed for replacement by a plurali-
tarian ballot, similar to the British type. Somewhat paradoxically, this pressure is
stronger after the failure of the electoral reform in
2008,
which aimed at perso¬
nalizing ballot, has disavowed the solution of preferential voting, congruent with
proportional representation, in favor of the
uninominal
vote. An election reform
is nevertheless required, however what should be changed is the electoral mana¬
gement, primarily by removing the current institutional parallelism between
Central Electoral Bureau and Permanent Electoral Authority.
Finally, Romania can be considered a typical example for the validation
of the duvergerian thesis on the correlation of proportional elections and the
multiparty format, with the consequence of a coalition government, giving
Romanian democracy its consensual character.
Keywords: elections, history of elections; electoral mechanisms; Romanian
electoral system.
362
Cuprins
Prefaţă (Cristian PREDA)
/ 7
Argument
/11
Alegerile
-
teorie şi practica românească
/ 13
O incursiune în teoria alegerilor
/13
Sistemul electoral
/13
Scrutine majoritare
/ 26
Reprezentarea proporţională
/32
Sisteme electorale mixte/
39
Efectele sistemelor electorale
/ 41
Alegerile în istoria României
/ 45
Etapa pregătitoare
/ 45
Votul
censuar plur
alitar
/47
Votul universal şi prima majoritară
/ 54
De la corporatism la democraţia populară
/ 66
Votul uninominal în regimul democraţiei populare
/ 70
Primul deceniu
/ 75
Alegerile fondatoare
-
alegeri atipice
(1990) / 75
Primele alegeri constituţionale. Scrutinul local, parlamentar şi
prezidenţial din
1992 / 92
1996 -
stabilitate
partidista
şi răsturnare politică
/ 115
Al doilea deceniu
/ 137
Alegerile din
2000 -
The two-turnover test 1
137
Alegeri parlamentare „prezidenţializate
(2004) /155
Doi ani de spectacol electoral:
2008
şi
2009 /173
Adenda:
alegeri europarlamentare
/195
Patternul electoral românesc
/ 203
Mecanismul juridic electoral
/ 203
Contextul constituţional
/ 203
O practică juridică originală
/207
Mecanismul electoral proporţional
/ 213
Alegerea Parlamentului
/ 213
Alegerea consilierilor şi a europarlamentarilor
/229
Mecanismul electoral majoritar
/ 235
Alegerea Preşedintelui
/ 235
Alegerea primarilor şi a preşedinţilor Consiliilor Judeţene
/ 239
Alegeri corecte?
/ 242
Mulţi alegători, puţini votanţi,
decidenti
şi mai puţini
/ 249
Proporţionalitate şi reprezentare
/ 255
Problema disproporţionalitaţii electorale
/ 257
Mecanismul distribuirii/ redistribuirii mandatelor
/ 262
Scrutinul RP şi sistemul de partide
/ 277
Spre un nou sistem electoral
/ 287
Anexe
/ 295
Bibliografie
/347
Index
/351
Abstract
/361
Résumé
/ 363
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Radu, Alexandru 1958- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1091100543 |
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| bvnumber | BV040601588 |
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| era | Geschichte gnd |
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| spelling | Radu, Alexandru 1958- Verfasser (DE-588)1091100543 aut Politica între proporţionalism şi majoritarism alegeri şi sistem electoral în România postcomunistă Alexandru Radu Iaşi Inst. European 2012 365 S. Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Colecţia Academica 150 : Seria Ştiinţe politice Zsfassung in engl. und franz. Sprache Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Wahl (DE-588)4064286-0 gnd rswk-swf Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 g Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 s Wahl (DE-588)4064286-0 s Geschichte z DE-604 Colecţia Academica 150 : Seria Ştiinţe politice (DE-604)BV035808626 150 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025429320&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025429320&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Radu, Alexandru 1958- Politica între proporţionalism şi majoritarism alegeri şi sistem electoral în România postcomunistă Colecţia Academica Wahl (DE-588)4064286-0 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4064286-0 (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4050939-4 |
| title | Politica între proporţionalism şi majoritarism alegeri şi sistem electoral în România postcomunistă |
| title_auth | Politica între proporţionalism şi majoritarism alegeri şi sistem electoral în România postcomunistă |
| title_exact_search | Politica între proporţionalism şi majoritarism alegeri şi sistem electoral în România postcomunistă |
| title_full | Politica între proporţionalism şi majoritarism alegeri şi sistem electoral în România postcomunistă Alexandru Radu |
| title_fullStr | Politica între proporţionalism şi majoritarism alegeri şi sistem electoral în România postcomunistă Alexandru Radu |
| title_full_unstemmed | Politica între proporţionalism şi majoritarism alegeri şi sistem electoral în România postcomunistă Alexandru Radu |
| title_short | Politica între proporţionalism şi majoritarism |
| title_sort | politica intre proportionalism si majoritarism alegeri si sistem electoral in romania postcomunista |
| title_sub | alegeri şi sistem electoral în România postcomunistă |
| topic | Wahl (DE-588)4064286-0 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Wahl Politik Rumänien |
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