The public policy exception under the New York Convention: history, interpretation and application
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| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Huntington, N.Y.
Juris
2012
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 370 S. |
| ISBN: | 9781937518035 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The public policy exception under the New York Convention |b history, interpretation and application |c Anton G. Maurer |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards / (1958) | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804149689151389696 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Table of Contents
Preface
.....................................................................................................
xi
About the Author
..................................................................................xiii
CHAPTER
1............................................................................................1
Introduction
CHAPTER
2............................................................................................5
Interpretation of International Conventions
CHAPTER
3..........................................................................................11
Drafting History of Article V
(2)
(b) of the New York Convention
I. Geneva Convention on the Execution of Foreign Arbitral
Awards
1927.......................................................................12
II. ICC Reviewed Geneva Convention and Prepared
Preliminary Draft Convention
............................................13
A. Study of Improvements to International Arbitration
... 13
B. ICC Draft Convention
...................................................14
C. ICC Draft Convention and Public Policy Exception
.... 14
III.
ECOSOC
s Ad
Hoc Committee Prepared Draft
Convention
..........................................................................16
A. Ad hoc Committee to Submit a Draft Convention
.......16
B. Comments by Governments to ICC Draft Convention..
17
C. Meeting of the Ad hoc Committee
...............................18
D. Discussion of Public Policy Clause
..............................18
E. Draft Convention of Ad hoc Committee
.......................23
IV. Comments from Governments and
NGOs
to Draft
Convention
..........................................................................26
A. Comments from Governments
......................................26
B. Comments from
NGOs.................................................28
C.
Comments and Recommendation of the Secretary-
General
..........................................................................30
D. Memorandum by the Secretary-General
.......................32
E. Further Comments
........................................................33
F. Consolidated Report by the Secretary-General
.............35
V. United Nations Conference on International Commercial
Arbitration
...........................................................................35
A. General Debate
.............................................................36
iii
PUBLIC
POLICY EXCEPTION UNDER NEW YORK CONVENTION
B. Proposals on, and Discussion of the Public Policy
Clause in the Plenary Sessions
......................................38
С
Discussion of Public Policy Clause
..............................41
D. Working Party No.
3
for Articles III
-
V
......................43
E. Discussion of the Proposal of Working Party No.
3
and Decision on Wording
............................................46
F. Drafting Committee
.....................................................48
G. Final Text Approval
......................................................48
H. Resolution on Measures for Increasing Effectiveness
of Arbitration
................................................................49
I. Signing
..........................................................................50
CHAPTER
4..........................................................................................53
Interpretation of Art. V
(2)
(b)
I. Limitation of Grounds
.........................................................53
A. Literal Interpretation
.....................................................53
B. Confirmed by Drafting History
.....................................54
II. Contrary to the Public Policy of That Country
................54
A. Literal Interpretation
....................................................54
B. Not Governing Law nor Lex
Arbitri
.............................54
C
.
No Transnational Public Policy Intended
.....................55
D. Differences Were Accepted
..........................................57
III. Literal Interpretation: Public Policy Is Not Identical
with Domestic Law
.........................................................58
A. Making Enforcement Easier Than under the
1927
Geneva Convention
......................................................58
B. Mistake in Fact or Law is Not Included in Art. V
........59
C. Even the
1927
Geneva Convention Was Narrower
Than Domestic Law
..................................................59
D. Differences in the Wording of the Public Policy
Clause
...........................................................................59
E. Confirmed by Drafting History
.....................................60
IV. May Also Be Refused
......................................................61
A. Discretion
......................................................................61
B. Pro-Enforcement Bias
...................................................61
C. Discretion Can Also Be Exercised in Implementing
the Convention in Domestic Law
................................62
V. Public Policy —Narrow or Wide Interpretation?
.............62
A. Goal to Uphold Finality of an Award
...........................63
B
.
Drafting Changes Support Narrow Interpretation
.........64
iv
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
C.
Guidance from Art.
34
and
36
UNCITRAL Model
Law?
.............................................................................65
D. Pro-Enforcement Policy
................................................66
VI. Relationship between Article V(l) and V(2)(b)
..................67
A. Art. V(l) Has Its Own Meaning and Is Not Included
in Art. V(2)
...................................................................67
B. Working Papers Support Back-up Position of Public
Policy
............................................................................70
C. Party Autonomy and Burden of Proof
..........................71
D.
ILA
Recommendation
...................................................71
CHAPTERS
..........................................................................................73
The Application of the Public Policy Exception in Various
Countries
I. Austria
.................................................................................73
A. Law
...............................................................................73
B. Public Policy: Violation Must Concern Basic
Principles of the Austrian Legal System
.......................73
C. Refusal of Recognition and Enforcement
.....................75
1.
No Distinction between Domestic and International
Public Policy
..........................................................75
2.
Irreconcilable with Austrian Fundamental
Principles
................................................................75
II. Canada
.................................................................................77
A. Law
...............................................................................77
B. Public Policy: Fundamental Notions and Principles of
Justice
...........................................................................78
1.
No Review of Facts or Law
....................................78
2.
Fundamentally Offensive to Canadian Principles of
Justice and Fairness
................................................81
C. Refusal is Permissive, Not Mandatory
.........................85
III. England
...............................................................................86
A. Law
...............................................................................86
B. Public Policy: Clearly Injurious to the Public Good or
Wholly Offensive
..........................................................87
1.
International Public Policy
....................................87
2.
Serious Irregularity
.................................................89
3.
Contrary to Natural Justice
.....................................92
4.
Harmful to International Relations
.........................93
5.
Illegality
.................................................................93
C. Refusal of Recognition and Enforcement
.....................95
PUBLIC
POLICY EXCEPTION UNDER NEW YORK CONVENTION
1.
Illegal English Contract
..........................................95
2.
Uncompromisible Moral Principles
.......................96
IV. France
..................................................................................97
A. Law
...............................................................................97
B. Blatant, Actual, and Concrete Violation of International
Public Policy
.................................................................98
С
Judge of the Award, Not the Dispute
..........................101
D. Refusal of Recognition and Enforcement
...................102
1.
Lack of Impartiality
..............................................102
2.
Failure to Comply with Time-limit
......................103
V. Germany
............................................................................104
A. Law
.............................................................................104
B. Ordre
Public International
..........................................104
С
Only Severe Defects Can Violate International Public
Policy
..........................................................................105
1.
Grave Violation of Fundamental Principles of
State and Economic Life
......................................105
2.
Decisive Impartiality
............................................106
3.
Violation of Competition Law
.............................107
4.
No Review of the Merits
......................................108
D. Refusal of Recognition and Enforcement
...................110
VI. Hong Kong
........................................................................112
A. Law
.............................................................................112
B. May Refuse
.................................................................114
С
Narrow Interpretation
.................................................114
1.
Violation of Most Basic Notions of Morality and
Justice
...................................................................114
2.
International Public Policy
...................................117
D. Refusal of Recognition and Enforcement
...................120
VII.
Hungary
............................................................................120
A. Law
.............................................................................120
B. Public Policy: Broad Interpretation
............................121
С
High Amount of Legal Fees are Contrary to Public
Policy
..........................................................................122
VIII.
Ireland
............................................................................123
A. Law
.............................................................................123
B. Public Policy: Narrow Scope
......................................123
IX. Italy
...................................................................................125
A. Law
.............................................................................125
B. No Review of the Merits
.............................................126
VI
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
С.
International Public Policy
..........................................128
X. Japan
..................................................................................130
A. Law
.............................................................................130
B. Public Policy: Basic Principles or Rules of Japanese
Judicial Order
..............................................................131
XI. Republic of Korea
.............................................................133
A. Law
.............................................................................133
B. Public Policy: Narrow Interpretation
..........................134
C. Good Morals and Social Order
...................................135
D. Refusal of Recognition and Enforcement
...................138
XII.
Malaysia
...........................................................................139
A. Law
.............................................................................139
B. Convention Award
—
Foreign Award
..........................141
C. Public Policy: Malaysian Law, Governmental Policy,
and Moral Values
........................................................144
XIII.
Mexico
...........................................................................145
A. Law
.............................................................................145
B. No Review of the Merits
.............................................147
С
Public Policy
...............................................................147
D. Exception:
Amparo
Lawsuits
......................................148
XIV.
New Zealand
..................................................................149
A. Law
.............................................................................150
B. Public Policy: Breach of Fundamental Principle of
Law and Justice
...........................................................150
C. Public Policy: Obvious, Substantial Miscarriage of
Justice
.........................................................................151
XV. Republic of the Philippines
..............................................153
A. Law
.............................................................................153
B. Mixed Application
......................................................154
XVI.
Singapore
.......................................................................156
A. Law
.............................................................................156
B. Purpose of the International Arbitration Act:
Establishing an International Arbitration Center
........156
C. Primary and Secondary Jurisdiction
...........................158
D. Public Policy: Extremely Narrow Interpretation
........158
E. Application of Public Policy of Singapore under
Art. V
(2)
(b)
...............................................................164
XVII.
Spain
..............................................................................166
A. Law
.............................................................................167
B. Foreign Award
............................................................167
VH
PUBLIC
POLICY EXCEPTION UNDER NEW YORK CONVENTION
С
No Review of the Merits
.............................................167
D. International Public Policy
..........................................168
XVIII.
Sweden
........................................................................174
A. Law
.............................................................................174
B. Public Policy: Clearly Incompatible with Basic
Principles
....................................................................175
XIX.
Switzerland
....................................................................176
A. Law
.............................................................................176
B. Public Policy: Art. V
(1)
is Lex
Speciális
to
Art. V
(2)....................................................................176
С
International Public Policy
..........................................177
D. Refusal of Recognition and Enforcement
...................181
XX. United States of America
.................................................183
A. Law
.............................................................................183
B. Public Policy: Pro-Enforcement Bias, and Very
Narrow Interpretation
.................................................183
1. M/S
Bremen, and Scherk
.....................................183
2.
Most Basic Notions of Morality and Justice
........185
3.
Antitrust Claims
...................................................186
4.
Manifest Disregard of the Law
.............................187
5.
Violations of U.S. Sanctions
................................190
6.
Inconsistent Testimony and Forged Agreements...
190
7.
High Legal Fees
...................................................191
C. Refusal of Recognition and Enforcement
...................193
CHAPTER
6........................................................................................195
The Application of the Public Policy Exception in Brazil, Russia,
India and China
I. Brazil
.................................................................................195
A. Law
.............................................................................195
B. Foreign Awards
..........................................................197
C. Brazilian Public Policy: No Review of the Merits
......197
1.
Public Policy is Defined by Doctrine
...................197
2.
Assessment of Formal Requirements Only
..........199
3.
No Refusals Based on Public Policy
....................202
D. Refusal of Recognition and Enforcement
...................202
II. Russian Federation
............................................................204
A. Law
.............................................................................204
B. Public Policy: Basic Principles of Russian Law
.........210
1.
Basics of the Social Formation of the Russian
State
......................................................................210
VUl
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
2.
Informational Letter No.
96.................................213
C.
Enforcement Despite Broad Interpretation of Public
Policy
..........................................................................215
D. Refusal of Recognition and Enforcement
...................218
E. Very Broad Interpretation Leading to Refusal
............220
1.
Social and Economic Interest
...............................220
2.
Review of Merits
..................................................223
3.
Mandatory Russian Rules and National Property
.. 223
4.
Missapplication of Russian Law
..........................224
F. Other Ways to Refuse Enforcement: Third Party
Litigation
.....................................................................228
G. Very Mixed Picture
.....................................................229
III. India
...................................................................................230
A. Implementation of the New York Convention
............231
1.
Foreign Awards (Recognition and Enforcement)
Act,
1961..............................................................231
2.
Arbitration and Conciliation Act,
1996................233
B
.
Foreign Awards
—
Two
Maj
or Restrictions
................23 6
1.
Foreign Awards under the New York Convention
.236
2.
Foreign Awards under the Foreign Awards
Act,
1961..............................................................236
3.
Foreign Awards under the Arbitration and
Conciliation Act,
1996.........................................240
4.
Was Limitation Governed by Indian Law
Dropped?
..............................................................244
5.
Indian Definition of Foreign Award Violates
New York Convention
.........................................250
C. Public Policy Exception
—
Statutory Law
...................250
1.
Foreign Awards Act
1961....................................250
2.
Arbitration and Conciliation Act
1996.................251
D. Public Policy is Not Limited to Fraud, and
Corruption
...................................................................252
E. The Philosophy of Legal Interpretation of the
Supreme Court of India
...............................................255
F. Application of the Public Policy Exception by the
Supreme Court of India: from Narrow to Broad
Interpretation
...............................................................258
1.
Public Policy Doctrine
—
Modifications and
Expansion
.............................................................258
IX
PUBLIC
POLICY EXCEPTION UNDER NEW YORK CONVENTION
2.
Application of the Public Policy Exception under
the Foreign Awards Act
.......................................262
3.
Application of the Public Policy Exception under
the Arbitration and Conciliation Act
1996...........270
G. Public Policy Exception as Gateway to Full Judicial
Review
........................................................................301
H. Is There New Hope?
...................................................304
IV. People s Republic of China
...............................................304
A. Law
.............................................................................305
1.
Notice of the Supreme People s Court
..................306
2.
Arbitration Law and Several Other Laws are
Applicable
............................................................308
B. Foreign Awards
..........................................................311
1.
Foreign Arbitral Institution
..................................311
2.
Two Years Deadline
............................................313
C. Centralized Decision by Supreme People s Court in
Case of Refusal
...........................................................314
D. Public Policy: Contrary to Social and Public Interest
and Fundamental Principles
........................................318
E. Inconsistent Interpretation of the Public Policy
Exception
....................................................................322
1.
Insensitive to Feelings of Chinese People
............322
2.
Breach of Mandatory Provisions of PRC Laws
... 323
3.
Mere Unfairness or Injustice
................................325
4.
Violation of China s Judicial Sovereignty
............326
F. More Successes Than Failures
....................................329
CHAPTER?
........................................................................................331
Conclusion
Bibliography
.........................................................................................337
Index
.....................................................................................................353
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| id | DE-604.BV040599905 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:27:01Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781937518035 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025427664 |
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| physical | XIII, 370 S. |
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| spelling | Maurer, Anton G. Verfasser aut The public policy exception under the New York Convention history, interpretation and application Anton G. Maurer Huntington, N.Y. Juris 2012 XIII, 370 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier New Yorker Übereinkommen 1958 Juni 10 (DE-588)4296477-5 gnd rswk-swf Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards / (1958) International commercial arbitration Arbitration agreements, Commercial Ordre public (DE-588)4130689-2 gnd rswk-swf New Yorker Übereinkommen 1958 Juni 10 (DE-588)4296477-5 u Ordre public (DE-588)4130689-2 s 1\p DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Passau application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025427664&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Maurer, Anton G. The public policy exception under the New York Convention history, interpretation and application New Yorker Übereinkommen 1958 Juni 10 (DE-588)4296477-5 gnd Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards / (1958) International commercial arbitration Arbitration agreements, Commercial Ordre public (DE-588)4130689-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4296477-5 (DE-588)4130689-2 |
| title | The public policy exception under the New York Convention history, interpretation and application |
| title_auth | The public policy exception under the New York Convention history, interpretation and application |
| title_exact_search | The public policy exception under the New York Convention history, interpretation and application |
| title_full | The public policy exception under the New York Convention history, interpretation and application Anton G. Maurer |
| title_fullStr | The public policy exception under the New York Convention history, interpretation and application Anton G. Maurer |
| title_full_unstemmed | The public policy exception under the New York Convention history, interpretation and application Anton G. Maurer |
| title_short | The public policy exception under the New York Convention |
| title_sort | the public policy exception under the new york convention history interpretation and application |
| title_sub | history, interpretation and application |
| topic | New Yorker Übereinkommen 1958 Juni 10 (DE-588)4296477-5 gnd Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards / (1958) International commercial arbitration Arbitration agreements, Commercial Ordre public (DE-588)4130689-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | New Yorker Übereinkommen 1958 Juni 10 Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards / (1958) International commercial arbitration Arbitration agreements, Commercial Ordre public |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025427664&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maurerantong thepublicpolicyexceptionunderthenewyorkconventionhistoryinterpretationandapplication |