Ghrelin:
Gespeichert in:
Format: | Buch |
---|---|
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier, Acad. Press
2012
|
Ausgabe: | 1. ed. |
Schriftenreihe: | Methods in enzymology
514 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | LVII, 452 S., [4] Bl. Ill., graph. Darst. |
ISBN: | 9780123812728 |
Internformat
MARC
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264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam [u.a.] |b Elsevier, Acad. Press |c 2012 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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---|---|
adam_text | CONTENTS
Contributors
xv
Preface
xxi
Volumes in Series
xxiii
Section
1
History of GHS and Ghrelin
1.
History to the Discovery of Ghrelin
3
Cyril Y. Bowers
1.
Introduction/Pre-GHRP Studies
4
2.
GHRP Beginning
б
3.
GHRP-6 Active In Vitro and In Vivo
(1982) 10
4.
GHRH Isolation and Identification
0982)
Π
5.
GHRP Versus GHRH
(1981 -1984) 11
6.
GHRP Reflects Activity of a New Hormone and New
Receptor—Hypothalamic-Pituitary Models
(1984-1991) 12
7.
GHRP/GHS Receptor Assays
(1989-2000) 15
8.
GHS/GHRP Receptor
(
і
996-1998) 16
9.
Clinical Results in Humans
18
10.
Summary/Conclusion
26
Acknowledgments
28
References
28
2.
Orphan GPCRs and Methods for identifying Their Ligands
33
Morikatsu Yoshida, Mikiya Miyazato, and Kenji Kangawa
1.
Introduction
33
2.
Strategies for Identifying Ligands of Orphan GPCRs
34
3.
Selection of Target Orphan GPCRs
36
4.
Recombinant
Expression Systems for Orphan GPCRs
38
5.
Sources of Potential Ligands of Orphan GPCRs
38
6.
Functional Assays for Screening Candidate Ligands of Orphan GPCRs
40
7.
Summary
42
Acknowledgments
42
References
43
vi
Contents
3.
Purification of Rat and Human Ghrelins
45
Masayasu
Kojima,
Hiroshi Hosoda, and Kenji Kangawa
1.
Introduction
46
2.
GHS and Its Receptor
46
3.
Purification of Rat Ghrelin
48
4.
Purification of Human Ghrelin
54
5.
Purification of Rat des-GlnH-ghrelin
57
6.
Obestatin, an Anorexigenic Hormone or a Digested
Peptide
Fragment from a Ghrelin Precursor?
58
7.
Conclusion
60
References
60
4.
Variety of Acyl Modifications in Mammalian Ghrelins
63
Takanori Ida
1.
Introduction
63
2.
Purification of Mammalian Ghrelin
64
3.
GH-Releasing Activity of Ghrelin in Mammals
69
4.
Summary
71
Acknowledgments
72
References
72
5.
Determination of Nonmammalian Ghrelin
75
Hiroyuki Kaiya, Hiroshi Hosoda, Kenji Kangawa, and
Mikiya Miyazato
1.
Introduction
76
2.
Purification of Ghrelin
76
3.
Measurement of Ghrelin Activity
82
4.
cDNA Cloning and Determination of
Amino
Acid
Sequence of Prepro-Ghrelin
84
5.
Determination of Species of Fatty Acid Modification
by Mass Spectrometric Analysis
85
6.
Summary
86
Acknowledgments
86
References
86
Contents
vii
Section
2
Molecular Forms of Ghrelin and Measuring
of the Concentrations
6.
Morphological Analysis of Ghrelin Neurons in the
Hypothalamus
91
Haruaki Kageyama, Fumiko Takenoya, and Seiji Shioda
1.
Introduction
92
2.
Observation of Ghrelin-Containing Cells at the Light Microscope Level
92
3.
Observation of Ghrelin-Containing Cells at Electron Microscopic Level
96
4.
Summary
98
Acknowledgments
98
References
99
7.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis
of Hypothalamic Ghrelin
101
Takahiro Sato and Masayasu
Kojima
1.
Introduction
102
2.
Identification of Hypothalamic Ghrelin
102
3.
Quantification of Immunoreactive Ghrelin in Rats
107
4.
Quantification of Rat Ghrelin mRNA in Hypothalamic Ghrelin in Rats
107
5.
Identification of Ghrelin-Producing Neurons in Rats
109
6.
Summary
111
Acknowledgments
111
References
111
8.
Standard Sample Collections for Blood Ghrelin Measurements
113
Hiroshi Hosoda and Kenji Kangawa
1.
Introduction
114
2.
Materials and Methods
115
3.
Study Protocols
116
4.
Results
118
5.
Discussion
122
Acknowledgments
124
References
124
v¡¡¡ Conteras
Section
З
Enzymes for Processing of Ghrelin
9.
From Ghrelin to Ghrelin s O-Acyl
Transferase
129
Jesus A. Gutierrez, Jill A. Willency, Michael D. Knierman, Tamer Coskun,
Patricia J.
Solenberg,
Doug R. Perkins, Richard E. Higgs, and John E. Hale
1.
Introduction
130
2.
Quantitative MALDI-ToF MS Methodology for Ghrelin in
Biological Matrices
131
3.
Stabilizing Ghrelin in Biological Matrices
135
4.
TT Cell Culture System for Ghrelin Production
137
5.
Functional Screening for Ghrelin s O-Acyl
Transferase
138
6.
GOAT is Ghrelin s Acyl
Transferase
142
7.
Summary
144
Acknowledgments
145
References
145
10.
Enzymatic Characterization of GOAT, ghrelin O-acyltransferase
147
Hideko Ohgusu, Tomoko Takahashi, and Masayasu
Kojima
1.
Introduction
148
2.
GOAT Enzymatic Assay
148
3.
Detecting the Molecular Forms of Ghrelin Generated by In Vitro GOAT
Enzymatic Assays
151
4.
Enzymatic Characterization of GOAT
154
5.
Alterations in GOAT mRNA Expression in the Stomach Under
Fasting Conditions
161
6.
Conclusion
162
References
163
1
1.The Study of Ghrelin Deacylation Enzymes
165
Motoyasu
Satou
and Hiroyuki Sugimoto
1.
Introduction
166
2.
Processing of Ghrelin
168
3.
Determination of Ghrelin Deacylation Activity
169
4.
Future Directions
176
Acknowledgments
178
References
178
Contents
¡χ
Section
4
Synthesis of Ghrelin Agonists and Antagonists
12.
Synthesis of Ghrelin: Chemical Synthesis and Semisynthesis for
Large-Scale Preparation of Modified Peptides
183
Tomohiro Makino, Masaru Matsumoto, and Yoshiharu Minamitake
1.
Introduction
185
2.
Protocols of Chemical Synthesis of Human Ghrelin
186
3.
Protocols of Semisynthesis of Human Ghrelin
189
4.
Conclusion
200
Acknowledgments
202
References
202
13.
Ghrelin O-Acyltransferase Assays and Inhibition
205
Martin S. Taylor, Yousang Hwang,
Po-
Yuan Hsiao, Jef D. Boeke, and
Philip A. Cole
1.
Introduction
206
2.
Analysis of Acyl Ghrelin Levels and GOAT Activity
208
3.
GOAT Inhibitor Discovery
213
4.
Challenges and Future Directions
219
Acknowledgments
224
References
224
Section
5
Action of Ghrelin
14.
Model-Based Evaluation of Growth Hormone Secretion
231
Johannes D.
Veldhuis
and Daniel M. Keenan
1.
Introduction
232
2.
Ensemble GH-Regulation MODEL
232
3.
Technical Assessment of Multipathway GH Regulation
236
4.
Specific Methodological Strategies
237
5.
Summary
245
Acknowledgments
245
References
245
x
Contents
15. Ghrelin in
the Control of Energy,
Lipid,
and Glucose Metabolism
249
Kristy
M.
Heppner,
Timo
D.
Müller, Jenny
Tong,
and Matthias
H.
Tschöp
1.
Introduction
250
2. Central Administration
of
Ghrelin
Increases Acute Food Intake in Rats
250
3.
Chronic Central Infusion of Ghrelin Generates a Positive Energy Balance in
Rodents
253
4.
Ghrelin Regulates Glucose Homeostasis
257
5.
Summary
258
References
259
16.
Ghrelin and the Vagus Nerve
261
Yukari Date
1.
Introduction
262
2.
Anatomy of the Vagus Nerve
262
3.
GHS-R ¡n the
Vagai
Afferent Neurons
263
4.
Action of Ghrelin via the Vagus Nerve
264
5.
Summary
267
Acknowledgments
268
References
268
17.
Measurement of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activity
and Expression in Response to Ghrelin
271
Chung Thong
Lim,
Francesca
Lolli,
Julia D. Thomas, Blerina Kola, and
Márta Korbonits
1.
Introduction
272
2.
The AMPK Assay Methodology
273
3.
Immunoblotting pAMPK
281
4.
AMPK Gene Expression
283
5.
Summary
285
Acknowledgments
285
References
285
18.
Ghrelin and Gastrointestinal Movement
289
Naoki Fujitsuka, Akihiro Asakawa, Haruka Amitani, Mineko Fujimiya,
and Akio Inui
1.
Introduction
290
2.
The Role of Ghrelin in
Gastroduodenal Motility
291
3.
The Gl Motor Effect of Ghrelin Mediated by the Gut-Brain Axis
296
Contents______________________________________________________________xi
4.
Summary
299
Acknowledgments
299
References
299
19.
Ghrelin Acylation by
Ingestion
of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids
303
Yoshihiro Nishi, Hiroharu Mifune, and Masayasu
Kojima
1.
Introduction
304
2.
Preparing Food and Water Containing MCFAs or MCTs
304
3.
Samples for Ghrelin Measurement
305
4.
Measurement of Ghrelins Modified with or without the n-Octanoyl Group
307
5.
Purification and Characterization of Acyl Ghrelins from Stomachs
309
6.
Summary
314
Acknowledgments
314
References
314
20.
Islet
ß-Cell
Ghrelin Signaling for Inhibition of Insulin Secretion
317
Katsuya Dezaki and Toshihiko Yada
1.
Introduction
318
2.
Ghrelin is Released in the Pancreatic Islets
318
3.
Insulinostatic Function of Islet-Derived Ghrelin
319
4.
Ghrelin Signaling in Islet
ß-Cells 322
5.
Conclusion
327
Acknowledgments
328
References
329
21.
Rikkunshito as a Ghrelin Enhancer
333
Hiroshi Takeda, Shuichi
Muto,
Koji
Nakagawa, Shunsuke Ohnishi,
Chiharu Sadakane, Yayoi Saegusa,
Miwa Nahatá, Tomohisa
Hattori, and
Masahiro Asaka
1.
Introduction
334
2.
Cisplatin-lnduced Anorexia
335
3.
Anorexia of Aging
339
4.
Stress
343
5.
Ghrelin-Degrading Enzyme
348
References
350
xii______________________________________________________________________
Contents
Section
б
Tg
and KO
Mice of Ghrelin
22.
Thermogenic Characterization of Ghrelin Receptor Null Mice
355
Ligen
Lin and Yuxiang Sun
1.
Introduction
356
2.
In Vivo Metabolic and Thermogenic Characterizations
358
3.
Hormonal Characterization: Thyroid Hormones and Catecholamines
359
4.
Gene/Protein Expression Profiles and Ex Vivo Lipolysis of BAT
362
5.
Isolation and Characterization of Brown Adipocytes
366
6.
Summary
368
Acknowledgments
369
References
369
23.
Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Ghrelin or Ghrelin Analog
371
Hiroyuki Ariyasu, Go Yamada, Hiroshi Iwakura, Takashi Akamizu, Kenji
Kangawa, and Kazuwa Nakao
1.
Introduction
372
2.
Des-Acyl Ghrelin Tg Mice
372
3.
Tg Mice Overexpressing a Ghrelin Analog
373
4.
Tg Mice Overexpressing Both Human GOAT and Ghrelin
375
5.
Summary
376
References
377
Section
7
Clinical Application of Ghrelin
24.
Therapeutic Potential of Ghrelin in Restricting-Type
Anorexia
Nervosa
381
Mari Hotta, Rina
Ohwada, Takashi Akamizu, Tamotsu Shibasaki, and
Kenji Kangawa
1.
Introduction
382
2.
Pathophysiology of AN
383
3.
Plasma Ghrelin in AN
384
4.
Clinical Application of Ghrelin in Patients with AN
389
5.
Conclusions
395
Acknowledgments
395
References
395
Contents xiii
25.
Clinical
Application
of Ghrelin for Chronic Respiratory Diseases
399
Nobuhiro Matsumoto and Masamitsu Nakazato
1.
Introduction
399
2.
Clinical Application of Ghrelin for Chronic Respiratory Disease
400
3.
Summary
405
References
405
26.
Clinical Trial of Ghrelin Synthesis Administration for
Upper Gl Surgery
409
Shuji Takiguchi, Yuichiro Hiura, Yasuhiro
Miyazaki, Akihiro
Takata,
Kohei Murakami, and Yuichiro
Doki
1.
Introduction
410
2.
Ghrelin Replacement Therapy After TG and Esophagectomy
411
3.
Anti-inflammatory Role of Ghrelin After Esophageal Surgery
417
4.
Ghrelin Replacement Therapy During Chemotherapy in
Patients with Esophageal Cancer
425
References
430
Author Index
433
Subject Index
441
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indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:25:49Z |
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series | Methods in enzymology |
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spelling | Ghrelin ed. by Masayasu Kojima ... 1. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier, Acad. Press 2012 LVII, 452 S., [4] Bl. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Methods in enzymology 514 Ghrelin (DE-588)7634780-1 gnd rswk-swf Molekularbiologische Methode (DE-588)7650063-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Ghrelin (DE-588)7634780-1 s Molekularbiologische Methode (DE-588)7650063-9 s b DE-604 Kojima, Masayasu Sonstige oth Methods in enzymology 514 (DE-604)BV000000938 514 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025374556&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Ghrelin Methods in enzymology Ghrelin (DE-588)7634780-1 gnd Molekularbiologische Methode (DE-588)7650063-9 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)7634780-1 (DE-588)7650063-9 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
title | Ghrelin |
title_auth | Ghrelin |
title_exact_search | Ghrelin |
title_full | Ghrelin ed. by Masayasu Kojima ... |
title_fullStr | Ghrelin ed. by Masayasu Kojima ... |
title_full_unstemmed | Ghrelin ed. by Masayasu Kojima ... |
title_short | Ghrelin |
title_sort | ghrelin |
topic | Ghrelin (DE-588)7634780-1 gnd Molekularbiologische Methode (DE-588)7650063-9 gnd |
topic_facet | Ghrelin Molekularbiologische Methode Aufsatzsammlung |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025374556&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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