Advances in carbon nanomaterials: science and applications
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Singapore
Pan Stanford Publ.
2012
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 376 S., C16 Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9789814267878 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Advances in carbon nanomaterials
Autor: Tagmatarchis, Nikos
Jahr: 2012
Contents Preface xiii 1 Encyclopedia of Carbon Nanoforms 1 Irene Suarez-Martinez, Nicole Grobert, and Christopher P. Ewels 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Graphene 5 1.2.1 The Structure of Graphene 5 1.2.2 Synthesis Methods for Graphene 6 1.2.3 Terminology 6 1.2.4 Graphene-Related Forms: Graphene Nanowalls and Graphene Nanoribbons 7 1.2.5 Applications of Graphene 8 1.3 Carbon Nanotubes 9 1.3.1 The Structure of Carbon Nanotubes 10 1.3.2 Synthesis Methods for Carbon Nanotubes 14 1.3.3 Applications of Carbon Nanotubes 14 1.4 Carbon Nanoscrolls 16 1.4.1 The Structure of CNSs 17 1.4.2 Synthesis Method for CNSs 18 1.4.3 Applications of CNSs 20 1.5 Carbon Nanocones 20 1.5.1 The Structure of Carbon Nanocones 21 1.5.2 Terminology 22 1.5.3 Synthesis of Carbon Nanocones 24 1.6 Applications of Carbon Nanocones 24 1.7 Bamboo” Nanotubes 25 1.7.1 Synthesis of Bamboo Nanotubes 25 1.7.2 Applications of Bamboo Nanotubes 26
vi Contents 1.8 Herringbone” Nanotubes 27 1.8.1 The Structure of Herringbone Nanotubes and Nanofibers 27 1.8.2 Herringbone Synthesis 29 1.8.3 Herringbone Applications 29 1.9 Helical Nanotubes 30 1.9.1 Synthesis of Helical Nanotubes 31 1.9.2 Topology of Helical Nanotubes 32 1.9.3 Applications of Helical Nanotubes 33 1.10 Necklace” Tubes/Nanobells 33 1.11 Fullerenes 35 1.11.1 Fullerene Synthesis 37 1.11.2 Fullerene Chemistry 38 1.11.3 Fullerene Applications 38 1.11.4 Ultra-Hard Fullerites 39 1.12 Onions 39 1.13 Nanotori and Circular Nanotube Bundles 43 1.14 Hybrid Nanoforms 45 1.14.1 Hybrid Forms Based on Filling (Peapods etc.] 46 1.15 Hybrid Forms Based on Surface Interaction 48 1.16 Other Molecular Forms 49 1.17 Non-Hexagon-Based SP 2 Carbon Nanoforms 50 1.17.1 Schvvarzites: Heptagon (and AboveJ-Hexagon Networks 50 1.17.2 Haeckelites: Pentagon-(Hexagon- Heptagon Networks 51 1.18 Conclusions 52 2 Surfaces and Thin Films of Fullerenes 67 Roberto Macovez and Petra Rudolf 2.1 Introduction 68 2.2 Preparation of Fullerene Thin Films 70 2.3 Monolayer Systems 72 2.4 Properties of Multilayer and Thick C6o Films 76 2.4.1 Electronic States 76 2.4.2 Molecular Orientations and Surface Morphology 81
Contents vii 2.5 Thin Films and Surfaces of Fullerides 85 2.5.1 Alkali Fullerides 85 2.5.2 Thin Films of AE and RE Fullerides 92 2.6 Thin Films of Endohedral Fullerenes 96 2.7 Conclusions and Outlook 103 3 High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Imaging of Carbon Nanostructures 117 Kazu Suenaga, Yuta Sato, Zheng Liu, Masanori Koshino, and Chuanhong Jin 3.1 Introduction 118 3.2 Experimental 118 3.3 Visualization of Atomic Defects in Carbon Nanotubes 119 3.4 Imaging of Fullerenes and Their Derivatives 123 3.5 In Situ Observation of Nano-Carbon Growth 127 3.6 Summary 129 4 Electronic and Optical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes 131 Christian Kramberger and Thomas Pichler 4.1 The Electronic Ground State 131 4.1.1 From Graphene to Carbon Nanotubes 134 4.1.2 Types and Families 138 4.1.3 Tight Binding versus First Principles 144 4.2 Electronic Excitations 147 4.2.1 Excitonic Inter-Band Excitations 148 4.2.2 Valence and Core Holes 151 4.2.3 Collective Plasma Excitations 152 4.3 Spectroscopic Methods 154 4.3.1 Optical Absorption Spectroscopy 155 4.3.2 Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy 156 4.3.3 Luminescence Spectroscopy 157 4.3.4 Raman Spectroscopy 158 4.3.5 Photoemission Spectroscopy 159 4.3.6 X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy 159 4.4 Spectroscopy on Nanotubes 160 4.4.1 Van Hove Singularities 161 4.4.2 Electronic Response 166 4.4.3 Opto-Mechanical Response 172
viii Contents 4.4.4 Alignment 175 4.4.5 Metallic and Semiconducting Abundances 178 4.4.6 Diameter Distribution 179 4.4.7 Crystallinity 179 4.4.8 Purity 180 4.5 Summary 181 5 Fullerene-Based Electronics 189 James M, Ball, Paul H. Wöbkenberg, and Thomas D. Anthopoulos 5.1 Introduction 189 5.2 Properties of Fullerenes 192 5.2.1 Electronic Properties 193 5.2.2 Thin-Film Processing 195 5.2.3 Why These Properties Are Desirable for Electronics and Optoelectronics 197 5.3 Thin-Film Transistors, Integrated Circuits, and OPV 198 5.3.1 Thin-Film Transistors 198 5.3.2 Integrated Circuits 202 5.3.3 Organic Photovoltaics 205 5.3.4 Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors 208 5.4 Electron Transport in Fullerene Thin-Film Transistors 211 5.4.1 Electron Injection 211 5.4.2 Electron Transport in C 60 , C 70 , and Cø 4 Devices 212 5.4.3 Electron Transport in Solution Processed C 6 o-, C 70 -, and C S 4 -PCBM Devices 215 5.4.4 Electron Transport in Devices with Alternative Fullerene Derivatives 216 5.5 Ambipolar Transport in Fullerene Thin-Film Transistors 218 5.5.1 Ambipolar Transport in Fullerene Transistors 219 5.6 Fullerene-Based Microelectronics 219 5.6.1 Unipolar Logic Circuits 220 5.6.2 Complementary Logic Circuits 220 5.6.3 Complementary-Like Logic Circuits 221 5.7 Fullerene-Based Optoelectronics 222 5.7.1 Fullerene-Based BHJ OPV 223
Contents IX 5.7.2 Fullerene-Based Phototransistors and Electro-Optic Circuits 227 5.8 Summary and Perspectives 230 6 Carbon Nanohorns Chemical Functionalization 239 Georgia Pagona and Nikos Tagmatarchis 6.1 Introduction 240 6.2 Chemical Functionalization of CNHS 243 6.2.1 Covalent Functionalization 243 6.2.1.1 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of in situ generated azomethine ylides 243 6.2.1.2 Aryl addition via in situ generated aryl diazonium salts 246 6.2.1.3 Bingel cyclopropanation reaction 247 6.2.1.4 Anionic polymerization 249 6.2.1.5 Bulk free radical polymerization 250 6.2.1.6 NaNH 2 addition and amination reactions 250 6.2.1.7 Oxidation 252 6.2.2 Non-Covalent Functionalization 257 6.3 Conclusions and Outlook 262 7 Endohedral Metallofullerene Functionalization 269 Yutaka Maeda, Takeshi Akasaka, and Shigeru Nagase 7.1 Introduction 270 7.2 Reduction and Oxidation 270 7.3 Disilylation 272 7.4 Reaction with Nitrogen Compounds 275 7.5 Prato Reaction 276 7.6 Cycloaddition of Diene and Benzyne 279 7.7 Addition of Carbene 281 7.8 Nucleophilic Addition 284 7.9 Radical Addition 287 7.10 Conclusion 290 8 Quantum Computing with Endohedral Fullerenes 299 Kyriakos Porjyrakis and Simon C. Benjamin 8.1 Introduction 299
Contents 8.2 Classical Information 300 8.3 Information Inside a Classical Computer 301 8.4 Introducing the Quantum Bit, or Qubit 303 8.5 Understanding the Qubit: The Bloch Sphere 304 8.6 More Than One Qubit: Entanglement 307 8.7 Basic Components of a Processor 308 8.7.1 Elements of a Classical Processor 308 8.7.2 A Notation for Qubits 309 8.7.3 Single-Qubit Gates 310 8.7.4 Two-Qubit Gates 313 8.8 Quantum Parallelism 315 8.8.1 Grover s Search Algorithm 318 8.8.2 Decoherence and QEC 321 8.9 Synthesis of Endohedral Fullerenes 323 8.9.1 Endohedral Metallofullerenes 323 8.9.2 Synthesis of Endohedral Nitrogen Fullerenes 324 8.10 Purification of Endohedral Fullerenes 327 8.11 Quantum Properties of Endohedral Fullerenes 329 8.12 N@C6o as a Spin Qubit 330 8.13 Scaling-Up of Endohedral Fullerene Nanostructures 332 8.13.1 Endohedral Fullerene Dimers 332 8.13.2 One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Arrays and Beyond 335 8.14 Summary 337 9 Cell Biology of Carbon Nanotubes 343 Chang Guo, Khuloud Al-Jamal, Hanene Ali-Boucetta, and Kostas Kostarelos 9.1 Experimental Techniques Used to Study the Interaction Between Carbon Nanotubes and Cells In Vitro 344 9.1.1 Optical Microscopy 344 9.1.2 Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques 344 9.1.3 Flow Cytometry 350 9.1.4 Electron Microscopy 350 9.1.5 Micro-Raman Spectroscopy 356 9.1.6 Intrinsic Photoluminescence (Via SPT) 356 9.2 Mechanisms Involved in the Cellular Uptake of CNTs 357
Contents xi 9.3 Index 9.2.1 Trafficking Pathways in the Cellular Uptake ofCNT 9.2.1.1 Types of CNT endocytosis leading 360 to internalization 9.2.1.2 Can CNTs pierce through cell 361 membranes as nano-needles”? 362 9.2.1.3 Fate of CNTs after internalization 363 9.2.2 Parameters Involved in the Cellular Uptake of CNTs 9.2.2.1 Surface modification of CNT: non-covalent coating versus 363 chemical conjugation 363 9.2.2.2 CNT diameter and length 364 9.2.2.3 Concentration of CNT 364 9.2.2.4 Cell type 9.2.2.5 Duration of CNT interaction with 365 cells 365 Conclusion 366 369
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| spelling | Advances in carbon nanomaterials science and applications ed. by Nikos Tagmatarchis Singapore Pan Stanford Publ. 2012 XIV, 376 S., C16 Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Nanostruktur (DE-588)4204530-7 gnd rswk-swf Kohlenstoff (DE-588)4164538-8 gnd rswk-swf Kohlenstoff (DE-588)4164538-8 s Nanostruktur (DE-588)4204530-7 s DE-604 Tagmatarchis, Nikos Sonstige (DE-588)1025840380 oth Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-981-426-78-85 DE-601 pdf/application http://www.gbv.de/dms/tib-ub-hannover/676522769.pdf Inhaltsverzeichnis HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025370039&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Advances in carbon nanomaterials science and applications |
| title_auth | Advances in carbon nanomaterials science and applications |
| title_exact_search | Advances in carbon nanomaterials science and applications |
| title_full | Advances in carbon nanomaterials science and applications ed. by Nikos Tagmatarchis |
| title_fullStr | Advances in carbon nanomaterials science and applications ed. by Nikos Tagmatarchis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in carbon nanomaterials science and applications ed. by Nikos Tagmatarchis |
| title_short | Advances in carbon nanomaterials |
| title_sort | advances in carbon nanomaterials science and applications |
| title_sub | science and applications |
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Inhaltsverzeichnis