Jesus, the Sabbath and the Jewish debate: healing on the Sabbath in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Bloomsbury T&T Clark
2014
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Library of New Testament studies
474 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 482 S. |
| ISBN: | 9780567385871 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Collins, Nina L. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Jesus, the Sabbath and the Jewish debate |b healing on the Sabbath in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE |c Nina L. Collins |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London [u.a.] |b Bloomsbury T&T Clark |c 2014 | |
| 300 | |a XXII, 482 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Library of New Testament studies |v 474 | |
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| 653 | |a Sabbath. | ||
| 653 | |a Sabbath legislation. | ||
| 653 | |a Healing--Religious aspects--Judaism. | ||
| 653 | |a Healing in the Bible. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804149517786808320 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
xvii
Abbreviations
xix
Chapter
1
The Problem of Healing in Judaism
1
I. The Sabbath Problem
1
II. Are All Actions of Healing and/or the Saving of Life
Considered as Work ?
3
III. Acts of Healing Are Acts That Save Life
5
IV. What Evidence Connects Acts of Healing and/or Saving Life
with Acts of
Work ?
6
V. The Jewish Sources Used in This Book
8
VI. Attitudes to the Violation of Sabbath Law in Texts
from Before the First Century
CE
9
VII.
Significant Features of the Sources Discussed Above
15
Chapter
2
An Overview of the Sabbath Events in the Gospels
17
I. General Background
17
IL A
List of Gospel Healing Events Dated in Relation
to the Sabbath
17
III. Characteristics of Rabbinic Halachic Arguments
kal
va-chomer in the Gospels
18
Chapter
3
The Sabbath and Post-Sabbath Healing Events
in the Gospels
27
I. Saving Life from Starvation: Mark
2:23-28;
Luke
6:1-5;
and Matthew
12:1-8 27
A. A Brief Summary of the Story and Some Problems
in This Tale
29
B. The Comment of the Pharisees on the Actions
of the Disciples
30
viii Contents
C.
What Is the Meaning of bbov
ττοιεΐν,
Mark
2:23? 43
D. Basic Details in the Reply of Jesus to the Pharisees
44
E. The Argument of Jesus in Mark and Luke
52
F. The Final Section of Jesus Argument
—
The Son of Man Is Lord of the Sabbath
55
G. A
Summary of the Above Discussion
on the Argument of Jesus
62
H. Are the Disciples of Jesus Starving to Death?
64
I. Implications of the Midrashic-type Nature
of the Galilean Tale
68
J. Further Implications of the Midrashic-type Nature
of the Galilean Tale
71
K. Jesus Could Not Have Composed or Voiced
the Argument in the Galilean Tale
74
L. Did Mark Compose the Argument Voiced By Jesus?
75
M. Mark
2:27
Is an Interpolated Verse
80
N.
Matthew s Version of the Argument Used By Jesus,
Matthew
12:3-5,8 88
O. Matthew
s
Two Additions to the Argument of Jesus
93
P. A Relative Chronology for the Three Versions
of the Tale
94
Q. Why Did the Disciples Pluck* Rather Than Harvest
the Grain? And Why Did They De-husk the Grain
with Their Hands Rather Than (Simply) De-husking
the Grain?
96
R. Summary and Main Conclusions
104
II. The Cure of a Man with Dropsy: Luke
14:1-6 108
A. The Story of the Cure and the Following Events
108
B. Some of the Problems in Luke s Tale
109
C. Evidence for a Sabbath Cure and Criticism of Jesus
for Performing the Cure
110
D. The Argument Used by Jesus to Justify His Cure
111
Ε. όνος
or
uíóç—
Son or Ass —at Luke
14:5? 114
F. Luke
14:1 -6
Is a Composite Text
115
G. Did Jesus Voice the Halachic Argument to Justify
His Cure, Luke
14:5? 117
H. Do the Halachic Questions Belong to the Cures
(Mark
3:4 [=
Luke
6:9]
and Luke
14:3)? 118
I. Conclusions
122
III. The Cure of a Woman with a Bent Back: Luke
13:10-17 123
A. An Overview of This Story and Some Problems
That Arise
124
B. The Original Language of the Story of the Cure,
Luke
13:10-13 * 129
C. The Language of the Argument Used to Justify
the Cure, Luke
13:1
5b-
16 130
Contents ix
D.
From Where Was the Argument at Luke
13:1
5b-
16
Derived?
134
E. The Bridge Between the Two Parts of the Story,
Luke 13:14-15a
136
F. The Final Editorial Comment, Luke
13:17 138
G. The Non-Pharisaic, Perhaps Sadducean Identity
of the Leader of the Synagogue
13 8
H. Summary of the Proposed History of the Redaction
of Luke
13:10-17 * 140
IV. The Cure of a Withered Hand: Mark
3:1-6,
Luke
6:6-11
and Matthew
12:9-14 145
A. Who Anticipated, Watched and Criticised Jesus
for Performing the Cure?
149
B. The Function and Origin of the Question
in Matthew
s
Account, Matthew 12:10a
155
C. Did the Historical Jesus Voice the Argument
at Matthew
12:11-12?
~
157
D. Conclusions
158
V. An Unidentified Sabbath Cure, John
7:14-25 159
A. Did Jesus Voice the Argument That Retrospectively
Justifies a Sabbath Cure?
159
B
.
To What Cure of Jesus Does John Refer?
163
C. Conclusions
165
VI. Galilean Sabbath Cures: Mark
6:1 -6,
Luke
4:16-30
and Matthew
13:54-58 166
A. Significant Facts in These Accounts
167
B. Conclusions
168
VII.
The Cure of the Mother-in-law of a Disciple of Jesus:
Mark
1:29-31,
Luke
4:38-39,
with Matthew
8:14-15 168
A. Does Matthew Report the Same Event?
169
B. Why Was Jesus Not Criticised for Performing
This Sabbath Cure?
170
C. Conclusions
173
VIII.
The Removal of an Evil Spirit: Mark
1
:2
1 -28
and Luke
4:31-37 174
A. This Event Is a Sabbath Cure
174
B. Conclusions
176
IX. The Cure of a Crippled Man, John
5:2-18 176
A. A Summary of This Event and Problems
Which Are Raised
177
B. Does John Describe an Earlier Recorded Cure?
179
С
Did the Cure Take Place on the Sabbath?
180
D. Did the Historical Jesus Say My Father
Is Working Still, and I Am Working , John
5:17? 183
E. From Whom Was John
5:17
Derived?
188
F. Conclusions
189
Contents
X. The Cure of a Man Blind from Birth, John
9:1-17 190
A. Was Jesus Criticised for Performing This Cure
at the Time It Was Performed?
191
B. Was Jesus Criticised for Performing This Cure
in Events After the Cure?
191
С
Did This Cure Take Place on the Sabbath?
194
D. Conclusions
196
XL Post-Sabbath Cures, Mark
1:21, 32-34
and Luke
4:31, 40-41,
with Matthew
8:16 197
A. The Significance of the Timing of This Healing
Event
197
B. Attempts to Avoid the Conclusion That Galilean Jews
Avoided Cures on the Sabbath Day
198
C. Conclusions
199
Chapter
4
Sabbath Healing in the Gospels:
Summary of Conclusions of Chapter
3 201
I. On How Many Sabbaths Did the Historical
Jesus Perform Cures?
201
II. No Pharisees Witnessed or Criticised the Sabbath Cures
202
III. Who Criticised Jesus for Performing Sabbath Cures?
205
IV. Why Is It Implied That Jesus Addressed Halachic
Material to Non-existent Pharisees?
208
V. The Historical Jesus Did Not Compose or Voice
the Halachic Material in His Sabbath Cures
216
A. The Halachic Arguments
kal
va-chomer
Which Justify Specific Sabbath Cures
217
B. The Halachic Questions Apparently Asked by Jesus
220
C. The Halachic
Argument
at John
5:17 220
VI. By Whom Were the Halachic Questions and Arguments
Originally Composed?
222
VII.
Development in Rhetorical Arguments to Justify Acts
of Healing and/or Saving Life
225
VIII.
The Fate of Arguments
kal
va-chomer Based
on the Permit to Save Animals on the Sabbath
227
IX. Jesus Was Not Linked with the Community in Qumran
228
X. Conclusions: The Continuation of the Jewish Debate
229
Contents xi
Chapter
5
The Terms and arguments of R. Eleazar b. Azariah,
R. AKIVA AND R. ISHMAEL AND THEIR SCHOOLS
230
I. Who Expanded the Use of
ЛП1
—
R. Eleazar b. Azariah
orR. Akiva?
230
II. The Special Terminology and Arguments
of R. Akiva and His School
234
A. To cause life when in doubt
—
paon
WflJ
ЛГПГО,
lechayot
nef es h be-safeq
234
B.
The
Sorite
of
R. Yose
the Galilean
236
С
Doubt of
li ves
—
ПУФЫ
pflD, safeq nefashot 239
D.
The Significance of
pñO,
Doubt , in Relation to Acts
of Healing and/or Saving Life
243
III. The Terminology of R. Ishmael
—
WflJ nijTu,
Pikkuach Nefesh
244
IV. Tannaitic Texts Which Include the Expression 2>SJ ni|ru
249
A. The Phrase tfJflJ nip^S in the Mekilta de-Rabbi
Ishmael
249
B. The Phrase WSJ
ГПрчз
in the Tosefta
257
V. Conclusions
268
Chapter
6
Direct Interaction Between R. Akiva and Matthew?
The Sorites of Matthew and R. Akiva Compared
270
I. The Sorites of R. Akiva and His School
270
II. The
Sorite
of Matthew
12:5-6, 8
Compared with the Sorites
of R. Akiva
273
III. When Did the Substitution of Midrashic Stories
Take Place?
279
IV. A Possible Chronology for the Changes in the Argument
280
V. Did the
Sorite
of R. Akiva Inspire the
Sorite
of Matthew?
282
VI. A
Comparable Reaction of the Jewish Sages
283
VII.
When Did the Activity of R. Akiva and R. Ishmael Begin?
285
VIII.
Conclusions
285
Chapter
7
Second-Century Interpretations of Biblical Verses
Based on Pentateuchal Jewish Law
288
I. Background to the Interpretations
288
II. Exodus
31:13 :
The Interpretation of R. Yose the Galilean
290
III. Exodus
31:16:
The Interpretation of R. Nathan
the Babylonian
292
xii Contents
IV.
Exodus 31:14: The Interpretation
of
R. Simon b. Menasia 294
V. Leviticus
18:5 : The Interpretation
of
Samuel
of Nehardea
296
VI. Further Evidence for the Second-Century Date
of Composition of Mark
2:27 * 298
VII.
Conclusions
299
Chapter
8
Two Symbolic Seals of Approval from the amoraim
30
1
I. A Legal Amendment to the Basic Policy of the Amoraim
301
II. The Extended Amoraic Use of the Tannaitic Term
П1ЭО
(sakanah), Danger
303
III. The Amoraic Preference for the Term rU3O
307
IV. Conclusions
316
Chapter
9
Specificity Versus Generality:
Test Cases for Dating Early Specific Tannaitic Directives
in Relation to Later General Directives
317
I. General Considerations
317
II. Specificity in Directives Composed Before Around
80
CE
318
A. A Permit Which Allowed a Pregnant Woman to Eat
TerumaK Tosefta Yoma
4.4 318
B
.
The Edict of
Rabban
Gamaliel ha-Zaken,
MishnahRoshHashanah2.5
322
C. A Directive of R. Yohanan b. Zakkai Issued
Before
70
CE,
Mishnah Shabbat
16.7 323
III. The Generalising Character of Post-First-Century
Directives
325
A. Healing and/or Saving Life That Violates Jewish Law
Is a Mitzvah , Tosefta Betzah
2.6 325
B. Feeding the Army of Ursicinus,
Jerusalem Talmud Sheviit
4.2 326
C. Healing and/or Saving Life Is Halachah,
Babylonian Talmud Shabbat
1
28b-29a
328
IV. Amoraic Comments at Babylonian Talmud Yoma 84b
on the Tannaitic Text of Tosefta Shabbat
15.11-13 329
V. Conclusions
331
Contents xiii
Chapter
10
Other Indications for Dating:
The Modification of Tannaitic Directives on Healing
and/or Saving Life and Vocabulary of Culpability
332
I. The Modifications of Restrictions
332
A. The Craving of a Pregnant Woman
—
Tosefta Yoma
4.4
in Comparison
with Mishnah Yoma
8.5
and
Babylonian Talmud Yoma 82a
335
B. Feeding a Starving Person on the Day of a Fast,
Mishnah Yoma
8.5
in Comparison with
Babylonian Talmud Yoma 83a
338
C. Delivering Oral Medicine on the Sabbath,
Tosefta Shabbat
2,7
in Comparison with
Mishnah Yoma
8.6 339
D. A Prohibited Cure for Rabies is Now Allowed,
Mishnah Yoma
8.6 340
E. A
Modification of a Prohibition to Use Vinegar,
Mishnah Shabbat
14.4
Versus Tosefta Shabbat
12.9 341
F. The Use of Rose Oil for Healing and/or Saving Life,
Mishnah Shabbat
14.4 342
G. The Edict of Mattathias Cited by Josephus, War
1
Л
46
in Comparison with Jewish Antiquities
XII .276-77 342
H. Reversal to Earlier Restrictions,
Tosefta Shabbat
12.12 344
L
An Application of the Theory Proposed Above
344
J. When Did the Change in Directives Take Place?
347
II. Culpability for Dating Early Tannaitic Directives
on Healing and/or Saving Life
348
III. Cumulative Evidence for a Flurry of Activity After
70
CE
351
IV. Conclusions
354
Chapter
11
Estimated Earliest Dates of Composition
of Tannaitic Directives on Healing and/or Saving Life
356
I. General Considerations
356
II. Guidelines for Estimating the Earliest Dates of
Composition of Tannaitic Directives on Healing and/or
Saving Life
358
III. A List of Tannaitic Directives on Healing and/or
Saving Life
360
A. The Focused Lists
361
B. Dating of the Focused Lists and the Directives
They Contain
375
xiv Contents
C.
The Collected Lists
375
D. Seven Directives in the Collected List
at Tosefta
Snabbat
15.11-13 382
E.
When Was the Above List Compiled?
383
F. Two Directives in the Collected List
at Tosefta Shabbat
15.14-15 389
G. Dating of the Collected Lists and Their Contents
392
IV. Single Tannaitic Directives Not Found in the Focused
or Collected Lists
392
A. Permission to Continue a Siege on the Sabbath,
Sifre Devarim
203
~
392
B. Permission to Straighten the Back of an Adult
on the Sabbath, Mishnah Shabbat
22.6 393
C. Violation of the Requirement to Stay in a Sukkan,
Mishnah Sukkah
2.4
and Tosefta Sukkah
2.2 393
D. The Sabbath Care of a Wound on the Leg and Body,
Tosefta Shabbat
12.14 394
E. Lancing an Abscess on the Sabbath,
Mishnah Eduyoth
2.5
and Tosefta Eduyoth L8
395
F. Circumcision and Washing the Wound
of Circumcision on the Sabbath,
Mishnah Shabbat
9.3, 19.3
and Tosefta Shabbat
15.4 396
G. Pregnant and Nursing Women Exempted from
Religious Fasts, Tosefta Taanith
2.14 398
H. Exemption from the Ritual of Circumcision,
Tosefta Shabbat
15.8 398
I. Medicaments that May and May Not Be Used
on the Sabbath, Mishnah Shabbat
14.4
and Tosefta Shabbat
12.12 399
J. Permission to Hunt a Snake on the Sabbath,
Mishnah Eduyoth
2.5 400
K. Permission to Treat Asphyxia on the Sabbath,
Babylonian Talmud Yoma 84b
400
V« A Provisional List of the Earliest Versions of Tannaitic
Directives Listed Above
401
A. Directives Composed Before
50
CE
401
B.
Directives Composed Before
70
CE
407
C.
Directives Probably Composed Before
70
CE
408
D.
Directives Composed by
100
CE
408
E.
Directives Probably First Composed
in the Second Century
CE
410
VL Some Implications of the Dates of Composition
of the Above Directives
411
VII.
The Sabbath as a Symbol for All Jewish Law
414
Contents xv
VIII.
Saving
the Life of Hillel on the Sabbath,
Babylonian Talmud Yoma 35b
—
When Was this Story
Composed?
417
IX. Minimal References to the Roles of R. Akiva
and R. Ishmael in the Jewish Debate
422
Chapter
12
A Very Brief Summary of the History
of the Early Jewish Debate on Acts of Healing
and/or Saving Life and the Contribution
of the Gospels and the Historical Jesus
to this Jewish Debate
424
I. A Very Brief Summary of the History
of the Jewish Debate
424
II. The Contribution of the Gospels and the Historical Jesus
to the Jewish Debate
432
III. Final Conclusions: Jewish Leaders Always Allowed
Acts of Healing and/or the Saving of Life
439
Bibliography
447
Index of Subjects
454
Index of Sources
468
JESUS,
THE SABBATH
AND THE JEWISH DEBATE
The claim that Jesus was criticised by the Pharisees for performing cures
on the Sabbath has been emphatically repeated for almost
2,000
years. But
a careful, unprejudiced evaluation of the gospels
-
the only source of this
accusation
-
shows that the historical Jesus was never criticised by historical
Pharisees for performing Sabbath cures. In fact, Jesus and the Pharisees
were in complete agreement that cures on the Sabbath should always be
performed. It is also evident that the Sabbath healing events in the gospels
have preserved a significant part of the history of the Jewish debate which
sought to resolve the apparent conflict between the demands of Jewish law
and the performance of deeds of healing and/or saving life. This debate, from
its Maccabean origins through to the end of the second century
CE,
is the
main subject of this book. There is little doubt that this topic has escaped
the attention of historians because it relies on the evidence of both the early
post-biblical Jewish sources and the Christian gospel texts, which are rarely
considered together.
|
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| id | DE-604.BV040455202 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:24:18Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780567385871 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025302754 |
| oclc_num | 956700845 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-384 DE-12 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-384 DE-12 DE-11 |
| physical | XXII, 482 S. |
| psigel | gbd_4_1410 |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Bloomsbury T&T Clark |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Library of New Testament studies |
| series2 | Library of New Testament studies |
| spelling | Collins, Nina L. Verfasser aut Jesus, the Sabbath and the Jewish debate healing on the Sabbath in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE Nina L. Collins 1. publ. London [u.a.] Bloomsbury T&T Clark 2014 XXII, 482 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Library of New Testament studies 474 Includes bibliographical references Jesus Christus (DE-588)118557513 gnd rswk-swf Heilung (DE-588)4024087-3 gnd rswk-swf Sabbat (DE-588)4178803-5 gnd rswk-swf Rabbinismus (DE-588)4139772-1 gnd rswk-swf Sabbath. Sabbath legislation. Healing--Religious aspects--Judaism. Healing in the Bible. Testamentum novum (DE-2581)TH000003002 gbd Jesus Christus (DE-588)118557513 p Sabbat (DE-588)4178803-5 s Heilung (DE-588)4024087-3 s Rabbinismus (DE-588)4139772-1 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-0-56727-034-4 Library of New Testament studies 474 (DE-604)BV020833698 474 Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025302754&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025302754&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Collins, Nina L. Jesus, the Sabbath and the Jewish debate healing on the Sabbath in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE Library of New Testament studies Jesus Christus (DE-588)118557513 gnd Heilung (DE-588)4024087-3 gnd Sabbat (DE-588)4178803-5 gnd Rabbinismus (DE-588)4139772-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118557513 (DE-588)4024087-3 (DE-588)4178803-5 (DE-588)4139772-1 |
| title | Jesus, the Sabbath and the Jewish debate healing on the Sabbath in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE |
| title_auth | Jesus, the Sabbath and the Jewish debate healing on the Sabbath in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE |
| title_exact_search | Jesus, the Sabbath and the Jewish debate healing on the Sabbath in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE |
| title_full | Jesus, the Sabbath and the Jewish debate healing on the Sabbath in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE Nina L. Collins |
| title_fullStr | Jesus, the Sabbath and the Jewish debate healing on the Sabbath in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE Nina L. Collins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Jesus, the Sabbath and the Jewish debate healing on the Sabbath in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE Nina L. Collins |
| title_short | Jesus, the Sabbath and the Jewish debate |
| title_sort | jesus the sabbath and the jewish debate healing on the sabbath in the 1st and 2nd centuries ce |
| title_sub | healing on the Sabbath in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE |
| topic | Jesus Christus (DE-588)118557513 gnd Heilung (DE-588)4024087-3 gnd Sabbat (DE-588)4178803-5 gnd Rabbinismus (DE-588)4139772-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Jesus Christus Heilung Sabbat Rabbinismus |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025302754&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025302754&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV020833698 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT collinsninal jesusthesabbathandthejewishdebatehealingonthesabbathinthe1stand2ndcenturiesce |