Środki transportu, obszar gospodarczy i siła nabywcza obywateli w taryfie cen maksymalnych Dioklecjana:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Poznań
Inst. Historii UAM
2012
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Scripta minora
8 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 117, [2] s. il. - Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm. |
| ISBN: | 9788389407948 |
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von BSB München 19
The means of transportation, the economic area
and the purchasing power of Romans
in the Diocletian s Edict on Maximum Prices
Summary
The Diocletian s Edict on Maximum Prices {Edictum Diocletiani depretiis rerum venalium) re¬
mains one of the most intriguing sources surviving from the antiquity. Promulgated in
301 A.D.
by
Diocletian and his three colleagues maximum prices for over
900
commodities,
130
grades of labor
and over
50
freight rates were fixed for the whole Roman Empire.
Administrative, military and economic reforms of Diocletian have been examined by numero¬
us scholars, presenting a diversity of opinions and views, partially resulting from the Lactantius te¬
stimony (the reign of tetrarchs and the history of Edict s discoveries are briefly summarized in chap¬
ters I and
11).
Apart from being a price fixing act and one of the vehicles of a complex ruling policy, the Edict
has great value as a source of data to capture various aspects of Roman economy and daily life.
There are two maps in the chapter III. Both support the thesis that the Edict had vast covera¬
ge. The first map is a graphical version of
50
recorded maritime connections. No actual sea routes
are indicated, but the evidence is clear. Important ports and regions are listed either as places of ori¬
gin or destinations. Rome remains a major trading place, but there are other ports, like
Nicomedia
and Byzantium with multiple connections. The fares are expressed in denarii per modius castrensis.
Conversion rates for humans and animals are to be observed.
The second map presents the geographical layout of commodities being traded. It covers the
area between Britain (beer and clothing) and Asia (clothing, spices, etc.); it also indicates regional
specialities.
A correction to the Polish translation of Diocletian s Edict is proposed with regards to items
du¬
racina
and
топеаеа.
There are
167
items pertaining to transportation. The Edict records means of transportation, va¬
rious types of vehicles, spare parts and accessories. Animals (including pack animals) and different
professions associated with moving goods and people are also listed. Even lubrication may have be-
nefitted from the Diocletian s tariff.
Maritime and fluvial transport was much cheaper than land transportation. This can be easily
calculated using fares presented, although the pricing logic applied to types of transportation vary.
Marine routes are priced on case by case basis (volume as a parameter is given), fluvial transporta¬
tion is concerned with distances, volumes and stream and land transportation deal with distances and
weights (transportation issues are examined in chapter IV).
117
A person travelling by land paid for a trip as a passenger or could rent a vehicle. The fare was
calculated based on the number of miles of the journey. To measure distance the milestones were
probably used as a primary source of data, but the hodometer described by Vitruvius must also be
considered as a measuring device. The design of such an instrument is presented in chapter IV.
The Edict contains information usable in estimating purchasing power (earnings versus expen¬
ditures). Models deployed by scholars like R.C.Allen and W.Scheidel are starting points for such
calculations and presented in the chapter V.
Allen has traced the history of prices and wages in European cities over centuries, applying the
commodity basket scheme to available figures. Attempts to use modern economic approaches to ex¬
plore the ancient world are quite appealing and they may place daily life of common people in the
Roman Empire in a new, broader perspective.
Several issues are to be clarified and arbitrary assumptions to be made when computing buy¬
ing power of Romans. First, the contents of a basket of goods have to be selected, according to the
estimated needs (including required calories). Another issue relates to wages and the spent work¬
ing. Variables used in the computations include
1940 kcal
as a calories ratio, and
250
working days
per annum. Annual earnings figures have resulted from daily wages recorded in the Edict. Sixty-six
professional categories are listed in seven different parts of the tariff. There are daily, monthly and
piecework schemes, or combined rates, some of which include the keep .
The basket of goods used by Allen has been slightly modified (clothing, shoes, olive lamps).
The calculation performed indicates that an unskilled laborer supporting his family (two adults
plus one child), earning
20
denarii per day could not afford commodities from the Mediterranean
Respectability Basket , a set of goods and necessities defined by R.C.Allen. We should consider the
Bare Bones Subsistence Basket instead. In this concept, while keeping calorie rate as a constant,
bread is replaced by grain
(puls),
the quantity of meat is reduced, and articles like wine or eggs are
removed from the list.
The data from the Edict supports the view, that without help from the state common people
could have hardly survived and many nutritious food articles were beyond their means.
Such estimates, however, do not cover all issues pertaining to living standards throughout the
Empire. Future research should take into consideration regional differences such as climate and eat¬
ing habits.
Prices from the tariff require further investigation and there are still some open questions. Were
the contents of the Edict influenced by various interest groups ? Why are prices for certain impor¬
tant items (iron, lead) not present? Why are some professions not included (physicians) ?
Spis
tresei
Wstęp
................................................................ 5
Rozdział I
-
Rządy Dioklecjana
........................................... 11
A. Tetrarchia
....................................................... 14
B.
Ceremoniał dworski
............................................... 16
C. Obronność
...................................................... 17
D. Podatki
......................................................... 19
E. Reformy monetarne
............................................... 19
F. Administracja
.................................................... 22
G. Polityka religijna
................................................. 23
Rozdział
II
-
Rządy Dioklecjana
........................................... 26
A. Historia odkryć i wydań Edyktu
..................................... 26
B. Miejsca znalezisk
................................................. 29
C. Konstrukcja Edyktu
............................................... 31
D. Oceny Edyktu
.................................................... 34
Rozdział III
-
Geografia Edyktu
........................................... 37
Rozdział
IV
-
Transport w Edykcie Dioklecjana
............................... 56
A. Ceny transportu
.................................................. 56
B. Rzeki
.......................................................... 61
C. Odległości, pomiary, mapy
......................................... 63
D. Pojazdy
......................................................... 66
E. Części
.......................................................... 69
F. Zwierzęta
....................................................... 70
G. Zawody związane z transportem
..................................... 71
H. W czym przewożono towary
........................................ 73
I. Uprząż, juki, akcesoria
............................................. 74
Rozdział
V
-
Siła nabywcza
.............................................. 77
A. Wynagrodzenie
.................................................. 81
B. Zapotrzebowanie kaloryczne
........................................ 90
С
Koszyk
......................................................... 92
Zakończenie
...........................................................
Ю7
Bibliografia
........................................................... 111
The means of transportation, the economic area and the purchasing power of Romans
in the Diocletian s Edict on Maximum Prices
............................. 117
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| spelling | Jaroszyński, Adam Verfasser aut Środki transportu, obszar gospodarczy i siła nabywcza obywateli w taryfie cen maksymalnych Dioklecjana Adam Jaroszyński Poznań Inst. Historii UAM 2012 117, [2] s. il. - Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Scripta minora 8 Zugl.: Poznań, UAM, Magisterarbeit 2010 Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Staatliche Preispolitik (DE-588)4077774-1 gnd rswk-swf Römisches Reich (DE-588)4076778-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Diocletian (284 - 305 n. Chr.) (DE-2581)TH000003983 gbd Römisches Reich (DE-588)4076778-4 g Staatliche Preispolitik (DE-588)4077774-1 s Geschichte z DE-604 Scripta minora 8 (DE-604)BV011360831 8 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025293666&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025293666&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Jaroszyński, Adam Środki transportu, obszar gospodarczy i siła nabywcza obywateli w taryfie cen maksymalnych Dioklecjana Scripta minora Staatliche Preispolitik (DE-588)4077774-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4077774-1 (DE-588)4076778-4 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Środki transportu, obszar gospodarczy i siła nabywcza obywateli w taryfie cen maksymalnych Dioklecjana |
| title_auth | Środki transportu, obszar gospodarczy i siła nabywcza obywateli w taryfie cen maksymalnych Dioklecjana |
| title_exact_search | Środki transportu, obszar gospodarczy i siła nabywcza obywateli w taryfie cen maksymalnych Dioklecjana |
| title_full | Środki transportu, obszar gospodarczy i siła nabywcza obywateli w taryfie cen maksymalnych Dioklecjana Adam Jaroszyński |
| title_fullStr | Środki transportu, obszar gospodarczy i siła nabywcza obywateli w taryfie cen maksymalnych Dioklecjana Adam Jaroszyński |
| title_full_unstemmed | Środki transportu, obszar gospodarczy i siła nabywcza obywateli w taryfie cen maksymalnych Dioklecjana Adam Jaroszyński |
| title_short | Środki transportu, obszar gospodarczy i siła nabywcza obywateli w taryfie cen maksymalnych Dioklecjana |
| title_sort | srodki transportu obszar gospodarczy i sila nabywcza obywateli w taryfie cen maksymalnych dioklecjana |
| topic | Staatliche Preispolitik (DE-588)4077774-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Staatliche Preispolitik Römisches Reich Hochschulschrift |
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